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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dietary-supplements_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2012 - Risk-of-bias criteria and conflict of interest for all RCTs and CCTs Item Percent of Total Studies … and 37.3 percent, respectively).Study quality was variable. … (93 percent) were unclear. … This information was not clear for 56 percent of the studies. Table D. … , and approximately 45 percent did not report funding information.
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antipsychotics-adults_executive.pdf
    August 01, 2012 - The majority of studies were multicenter (n = 70, 56 percent) and involved inpatients (n = 62, 50 percent … ), and they were conducted more often in North America than elsewhere (n = 57, 46 percent). … Seventy percent of studies (n = 88) had some form of support from the pharmaceutical industry. … (n = 45, 37 percent) had a high risk of bias. … bias (n = 45, 37 percent).
  3. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colorectal-cancer-screening_research-protocol.pdf
    May 18, 2011 - These cases predominantly occur in the colon, with only 30 percent of cases occurring in the rectum … More than 50,000 deaths from CRC are expected to have occurred in 2010, representing 9 percent of … Self-reported CRC-screening rates have increased from less than 25 percent in the 1980s to 50 to 60 … percent in 2005–2006. … ; however, only 6 percent of these lesions are estimated to later develop into CRC. 5 Therefore, it
  4. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/sleep-apnea-diagnosis-future_research.pdf
    February 01, 2012 - Topic nomination was done by 16 stakeholders (76 percent). … sensitivity with 84 percent specificity to predict diagnosis of OSA. … , the confidence interval would be no wider that 45 percent to 55 percent.† The sample size calculations … The first scenario is a case of low sensitivity (44 percent) and high specificity (85 percent), which … , specificity 95 percent).11 The third scenario includes a high sensitivity (84 percent) but low specificity
  5. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/gout_research-protocol-2014.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - Survey (NHANES), the prevalence of gout among adults in the United States was estimated to be 3.9 percent … (8.3 million individuals), ranging from 2.0 percent in women to 5.9 percent in men.1 Comparing the … Some 32 percent of the costs were attributed to gouty arthritis attacks, and drug expenditures accounted … for 61 percent of the total costs.2 Etiology of Gout. … in men to 21.6 percent in women, four- to ten-fold higher than the prevalence of gout.
  6. - (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/crohns-disease-future_research.pdf
    July 01, 2016 - Crohn’s disease affects between 400,000 and 600,000 North Americans.1 Ten percent of Crohn’s disease … Consensus among stakeholders was defined as agreement in responses of 50 percent or higher in three … Gaps achieving 50 percent or greater consensus in the following round were used to formulate specific … The medication comparison originally agreed upon by 50 percent of stakeholders during the first round … Crohn’s disease affects between 400,000 and 600,000 North Americans.1 Ten percent of Crohn’s disease
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/obesity-child_executive.pdf
    March 31, 2010 - States.5 Data from the 2007–08 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicate that 17 percent … of U.S. children and adolescents (ages 2–19 years) were obese, and approximately 30 percent were … The hierarchy is as follows: BMI z-score, BMI, prevalence of obesity and overweight, percent body fat … We considered the body of evidence consistent in direction if 70 percent or more of the studies had … If 70 percent or more of the studies that reported statistical significance had significant results
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-264-maternal-morbidity-mortality-disposition-comments.pdf
    December 21, 2023 - severe maternal morbidity and mortality at the same rate as urban white women, they would see a 9 percent … We have corrected the statistic to read as “49 percent” in the Evidence Summary Main Points. … severe maternal morbidity and mortality at the same rate as urban white women, they would see a 9 percent … We have corrected the statistic to read as “49 percent” in the Evidence Summary Main Points. … We have corrected the statistic to read as “49 percent” in the Evidence Summary Main Points.
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/fecal-incontinence_research-protocol.pdf
    November 30, 2014 - Among community-dwelling adults, the prevalence of FI is 8.3 percent,2 with slightly higher prevalence … in women (9 percent) than men (7.7 percent).2 FI affects less than 3 percent of young adults age 20 … to 29 but more than 15 percent of adults age 70 and older.2 Women over age 40 are disproportionately … less than 3 percent.2 Of the 8.3 percent of affected community-dwelling adults, 6.2 percent experience … FI with liquid stool, 1.6 percent with solid stool, and 3.1 percent with mucus.2 FI can result from
  10. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ptsd-adult-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
    December 20, 2011 - (9.7 percent in women and 3.4 percent in men) and current (12-month) prevalence to be 3.6 percent … (5.2 percent for women and 1.8 percent in men). 4 Military personnel are at elevated risk for exposure … and a current PTSD prevalence estimate of 9.1 percent 4 among Vietnam veterans. … of U.S. men who fought in Iraq and 6.2 percent of U.S. men who fought in Afghanistan. … The estimates of PTSD in British combat and noncombat troops that served in Iraq were 6 percent and
  11. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/asthma-treatment_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2011 - Treatment of Asthma: Comparative Effectiveness Executive Summary Background In 2009, an estimated 8.2 percent … of Americans (9.6 percent of children and 7.7 percent of adults) had asthma, and the prevalence … Twenty-seven percent of children with asthma report using complementary and alternative medicine … Most trials were small, with 68 percent including only 30 or fewer participants per treatment arm. … reduction in symptoms in the intervention group at 12 weeks, compared with a 6 percent reduction in
  12. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colorectal-surgery-preparation_research-protocol.pdf
    March 26, 2013 - there were 254,000 surgeries categorized as partial excisions of the large intestine.2 Of these, 99.2 percent … were for patients 15 years of age or older, and 50.4 percent were for patients 65 years of age or older … and the surgical site infection rate was 18.8 percent within 30 days according to data collected from … A 2003 survey in the United States showed that more than 99 percent of colorectal surgeons routinely … employed OMBP.10 A recent study (2007–2009) of 24 Michigan hospitals reported that 86 percent of all
  13. Layout 1 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ace-inhibitor-arb-update_executive.pdf
    June 01, 2011 - ACEIs have well-known side effects not shared by ARBs, including cough (estimated incidence 5 to 20 percent … ) and angioedema (estimated incidence 0.1 to 0.2 percent, with a lesser reported risk with ARBs). … translates to a difference in renin inhibitors differ in safety, Insufficient rates of cough of 7.8 percent … lower rates of cough, this translates to a difference of 1.2 persistence with drug therapy, and or ARB) percent … translated to an absolute difference in renin inhibitors differ in safety, ARB); withdrawals of 2.3 percent
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/major-depressive-disorder_executive.pdf
    December 01, 2015 - disorder (MDD)1 is the most prevalent and disabling form of depression, affecting more than 16 percent … by more difficulty in achieving treatment response and remission.5 In any given year, nearly 7 percent … About 40 percent of patients treated with SGAs do not respond to initial treatment; approximately 70 … percent do not achieve remission during the first-step treatment.8 Those who do not achieve remission … SGAs led to 28-percent higher rates of overall discontinuation (moderate SOE) and 70-percent higher
  15. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-test_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - , but lifetime risk of dying from the disease is only 3 percent.1,3,5 However, some patients have … Low levels (less than 25 percent) are associated with cancer and high levels with benign disease. … The first row of Table B shows that at a set false-positive rate of 80 percent (specificity of 20 percent … ), the corresponding sensitivity for PCA3 scores is 95.8 percent. … This is 5.1 percentage points higher than the 90.7 percent sensitivity for tPSA measurements.
  16. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/renal-function_executive.pdf
    August 01, 2014 - across studies and the prevalence of elevated troponin I ranged from 45 to 82 percent. … and specificities ranging from 42 to 100 percent). … with type I MI, 9.1 percent with type II MI, but the majority (65.8 percent) did not meet criteria … even if the false positive rate is 40 percent. … false positive rate is only 10 percent.
  17. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hepatitis-c-treatment-adherence_research-protocol.pdf
    September 13, 2011 - Services Task Force included minimal discussion of treatment adherence.20 It found that 14 to 22 percent … Some studies defined treatment adherence as the patient adhering to 80 percent or more of the total … adherence to the total number of ribavirin and interferon doses, taking greater than 80 percent of … the required dosage of one or both drugs, for greater than 80 percent of the expected duration of therapy … is between 25 percent and less than 50 percent, and as substantial if 50 percent or more.
  18. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antipsychotics-children-future_research.pdf
    February 01, 2012 - (The average weight gain for the four antipsychotics ranged from 8 percent to 15 percent of baseline … They measured response rates of 44.8 percent and 18.5 percent, respectively, and remission rates of … 35.2 percent and 11.1 percent, respectively, defining response as a ≥50 percent reduction in the Young … Based on the same definition of treatment response, they found response rates of 59 percent and 63 percent … versus 10 percent (OR, 4.85; equivalent ES, 0.8717).
  19. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diabetes-glucose-control_research.pdf
    July 01, 2010 - Fifty-three percent of the early users (first 3 months) were female. … Twenty-two percent of users were obese, compared to 11 to 15% using other medications. … Fourteen percent of users had used no other medication for DM in the preceding year, suggesting that … Thirty percent filled a thiazolidinedione prescription within 60 days of filling exenatide. … Forty-six percent of the beneficiaries are in a health maintenance organization, 23% in a preferred
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/blumenthal-presentation.pdf
    May 29, 2025 - We found that they were an hour-­‐long and   the physicians talked  close to 90 percent of the time … Despite this, one recent study demonstrated   that 41 percent of family medicine residents and   … eighty-­‐three percent of surgery and  OB/GYN residents reported   receiving little or no evaluation

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