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21. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ofaMtvNZ-5KdhWAJjXfZpN
    February 01, 2011 - Lin, MD, MCR; Michelle Eder, PhD; and Sheila Weinmann, PhD, MPH Background: More than 2 million cases … In the United States, more than 2 million cases of non- melanoma skin cancer are diagnosed each year. … Of these cases, about two thirds are basal cell carcinoma and one quarter are squamous cell carcinoma … ; 226 BCC cases; 45 SCC cases; 1015 total controls; 1021 BCC controls; 1064 SCC controls For BCC Total … , 603 BCC cases, 293 SCC cases; 540 controls For SCC Never: reference Ever use: 2.5 (1.7–3.8) For BCC

22. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Syphilis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review93/syphilis-infection-screening-2004
    July 15, 2004 - Data on incidence and prevalence are most often based on cases reported to state health departments and … From 2000 to 2001, the number of reported cases declined by 19.5 percent for women. … Significantly more cases of syphilis were detected at the first prenatal visit and treated in clinics … A study based in Georgia indicated that among cases of congenital syphilis, opportunities for earlier … care, and there was an inverse relationship between cases and number of prenatal care visits. 25 A

23. Screening for Syphilis: A Brief Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8L5g-QzXLDnUofBUE457DN
    July 01, 2004 - reported increased by 2.1% from 2000 rates (to 6,103 reported cases) and was the first increase since … From 2000 to 2001, the number of reported cases declined by 19.5% for women. … The rate of congenital syphilis decreased by 20.7% between 2000 and 2001, from 14.0 to 11.1 cases per … Although rates for African Americans declined 9.9% from 2000 to 2001, 62% of all reported cases were … Significantly more cases of syphilis were detected at the first prenatal visit and treated in clinics

24. Recommendation: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/ovarian-cancer-screening
    February 13, 2018 - per 100,000 women), followed by Hispanic women (10.3 cases per 100,000 women), black women (9.2 cases … per 100,000 women), Asian/Pacific Islander women (9.1 cases per 100,000 women), and American Indian/ … Alaska Native women (8.3 cases per 100,000 women). … However, this finding was not statistically significant unless cases of primary peritoneal cancer were … In the PLCO trial, the calculated false-positive rate (including cases of primary peritoneal cancer)

25. Procedure Manual Appendix VI. Criteria for Assessing Internal Validity of Individual Studies | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-vi-criteria-assessing-internal-validity-individual-studies
    July 01, 2017 - Case-Control Studies Criteria: Accurate ascertainment of cases Nonbiased selection of cases/controls … variables Definition of ratings based on above criteria: Good: Appropriate ascertainment of cases … and nonbiased selection of case and control participants; exclusion criteria applied equally to cases … rate equal to or greater than 80%; accurate diagnostic procedures and measurements applied equally to cases

26. Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MnkNvteY4Yg_8Jut4SayVN
    July 02, 2002 - An estimated 203,500 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in 2002, and 39,600 women … The absolute risk reduction was 21.4 cases per 1,000 women over 5 years. … /1,000 women in the placebo group to 1.0 cases/1,000 women in the study group (RR, 3.19%; 95% CI, 1.12 … -11.15); increased the rate of deep vein thrombosis from 0.9 cases/1,000 women in the placebo group to … 1.5 cases/1,000 women in the study group (RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.85-3.58).7 Fewer thromboembolic events

27. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/zHvENvrSUeZh6gFPUK_37c
    February 13, 2018 - Rationale Importance The age-adjusted incidence of ovarian cancer from 2010 to 2014 was 11.4 cases per … that the harms from screening for ovarian cancer are at least moderate and may be substantial in some cases … per 100 000 women), followed by Hispanic women (10.3 cases per 100 000 women), black women (9.2 cases … per 100 000 women), Asian/Pacific Islander women (9.1 cases per 100 000 women), and American Indian/ … Alaska Native women (8.3 cases per 100 000 women).

28. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Chlamydial Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary14/chlamydial-infection-screening-2007
    June 15, 2007 - common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States, with an estimated 3 million new cases … is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States; more than 900 000 cases … Although 75% of genital infections in women and 95% in men are asymptomatic, up to 40% of untreated cases … II: prevalence among healthcare attenders, outcome, and evaluation of positive cases. … treatment d 1.3 13 64.4 128.8 PID Expected cases with screening, n 0.39 4

29. Archived: Syphilis Infection: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - In 1994, 20,627 cases of primary and secondary syphilis were reported in the United States. 1 Primary … by 50% since 1990, but it is still high and now approximates 1970 rates. 1 A growing proportion of cases … In recent data, nearly all counties with a high incidence of reported syphilis cases (more than 10/100,000 … metropolitan areas or in southern states nearly two thirds of all counties in the U.S. reported no cases … 100,000 live births in 1991. 1 (The reporting definition changed in 1989 to reflect both confirmed cases

30. ahrq37a_LungCancer_Sum.qxd (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/VN82XmdDhcK74WtHxWBTqm
    May 01, 2004 - First, a prevalence screen detected 91 cases of lung cancer (0.83%). … /cases of lung cancer in cohort minus cases of prevalence cancer. †- After LDCT … Comparison between screen-detected and symptom-detected cases. … Case-Control Studies Criteria: • Accurate ascertainment of cases. … Fair: Appropriate ascertainment of cases and controls and exclusion criteria applied equally to cases

31. Ocular Prophylaxis of Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nfq4s8fZc4JZeprE8FnQYW
    August 01, 2010 - In 2007, there were 355,991 cases of gonorrhea reported in the United States, which is a rate of 118.9 … cases per 100,000 persons (4). … of ophthalmia neonatorum overall and fewer cases of C trachomatis infections in infants as well. … Although no cases of gonococcal ophthalmia were diagnosed in either group, there was a significant … reduction in the total number of clinical conjunctivitis cases among newborns who received 2.5% betadine

32. Screening for Chlamydial Infection: An Evidence Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/REES__d2DxtDLhZCXQjpPW
    July 01, 2007 - common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States, with an esti- mated 3 million new cases … is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States; more than 900 000 cases … Although 75% of genital infections in women and 95% in men are asymptomatic, up to 40% of untreated cases … PID Expected cases with screening, n 0.39 4 19 39 Cases avoided by screening, n 2.6 26 131 261 Number … II: prevalence among healthcare attenders, outcome, and evaluation of positive cases.

33. Archived: Evidence Summary: Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Death: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-radiation-induced-breast-cancer-and-breast-/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
    January 11, 2016 - Women exposed at the 95th percentile were projected to develop 246 cases of radiation-induced breast … (8% of population) were projected to have greater radiation-induced breast cancer risk (266 cancer cases … and 35 deaths per 100,000 women) than other women (113 cancer cases and 15 deaths per 100,000 women) … (mean, 125 cases [CI, 88 to 178] vs. 27 cases [CI, 19 to 38] per 100,000 women, respectively, and … 266 cases [CI, 186 to 380] vs. 57 cases [CI, 40 to 82] per 100,000 women with large breasts) ( Table

34. Update on Methods: Insufficient Evidence - Table 3 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/update-on-methods-insufficient-evidence---table-3
    February 01, 2009 - Visual Inspection Domain Information Potential preventable burden About 1,000,000 cases … of non-melanoma skin cancers and 52,000 cases of melanoma are diagnosed each year in the United States

35. Archived: Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-screening-july-2016
    July 26, 2016 - In a case-control study of melanoma (n = 7586), cases diagnosed with thicker lesions (>0.75 mm) had an … In multivariable-adjusted models, cases diagnosed with thin melanoma (≤0.75 mm) had an odds ratio (OR … In the largest study, with 68,495 melanoma cases diagnosed from 1992 to 2006 identified through 13 SEER … Zell et al, 22 2008 Good United States Retrospective cohort study 39,049 Incident cases of … with thin melanoma lesions (≤0.75 mm) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75–0.98) among cases with thicker lesions

36. Archived: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bladder-cancer-adults-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - Over 50,000 new cases and over 11,000 deaths due to bladder cancer are predicted to occur in 1995 in … for bladder cancer (relative risk among smokers vs. nonsmokers = 1.5-7) 4 , 5 nearly half of all new cases … 35 and women over 55 receiving a personal health appraisal, dipstick screening detected only three cases … Although most cancers are superficial at time of diagnosis, currently 10-20% of all cases of bladder … Many cases detected on screening, however, are low-grade transitional cell cancers with low propensity

37. Screening for Syphilis: A Brief Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/USPSTF_Admin/Home/GetFile/1/996/syphilup/pdf
    July 01, 2004 - reported increased by 2.1% from 2000 rates (to 6,103 reported cases) and was the first increase since … From 2000 to 2001, the number of reported cases declined by 19.5% for women. … The rate of congenital syphilis decreased by 20.7% between 2000 and 2001, from 14.0 to 11.1 cases per … Although rates for African Americans declined 9.9% from 2000 to 2001, 62% of all reported cases were … Significantly more cases of syphilis were detected at the first prenatal visit and treated in clinics

38. Medication Use to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3Kwu7j_WfCFQSnSzqrDWwt
    June 20, 2019 - FINDINGS The USPSTF found convincing evidence that risk assessment tools can predict the number of cases … The Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium model was derived from more than 11 638 breast cancer cases … breast cancer (RR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.42-0.81]) (unless otherwise stated, all numbers of cases are per … 1000 women over 5 years of medication use).3 Raloxifene use would result in 9 fewer cases of invasive … of VTE (95% CI, 1-7), 3 more cases of deep vein thrombosis (95% CI, 1-5), 5 more cases of endometrial

39. Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/latent-tbi-screening-adults-draft-rec-bulletin.pdf
    December 27, 2022 - In the United States, the majority of active TB cases occur in people born outside of the country. … and China were the most common countries of birth among people living in the United States with new cases … Most new TB cases are thought to be due to the progression of LTBI to active TB rather than the transmission

40. Archived: Risk Factors and Other Epidemiologic Considerations for Cervical Cancer Screening: A Narrative Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/risk-factors-and-other-epidemiologic-considerations-for-cervical-cancer-screening-a-narrative-review-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/cervical-cancer-screening-2012
    October 15, 2011 - Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases 23 … of CIN3 or worse peaked among women aged 35 to 39 years, and incident cases of CIN3 or worse peaked … No prevalent cases of cancer were identified among women younger than 20 years. … of cancer (that is, more cases of CIN3 and less invasive disease) than do older women. … per 100,000 women in 2000 to 6.2 cases per 100,000 women in 2007 2 .