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221. Quantitative Synthesis: Chapter 4. Quantifying, Testing, and Exploring Statistical Heterogeneity (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-4.pdf
     July 01, 2019 - plots can be difficult to detect visually, and may owe to multiple contributing factors.8 ► Formal tests … least one study has an effect different from the summary effect. • A common statistical heterogeneity tests … Improved tests for a random effects meta‐regression with a single covariate. … Improved tests for a random effects meta‐regression with a single covariate.

222. Microsoft Word - cognitive-decline-protocol-160322.docx (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cognitive-decline_research-protocol.pdf
     March 22, 2016 - Biomarkers are measured using lab tests and imaging (e.g., total brain and hippocampal volumes; white … how to distinguish between normal age-related cognitive decline, diagnosed exclusively by cognitive tests … Furthermore, the cognitive disorder must be based on objective cognitive tests. …  test results Brain  matter volume Brain  cell  activity level As determined  by: �Blood/CSF  tests … For  KQ3:  Adults with  normal or abnormal cognition  who  have  had testing such   as  cognitive  tests

223. Antibiotics-Respiratory-Infection Clinician (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antibiotics-respiratory-infection_clinician.pdf
     March 01, 2016 - Interventions include clinical strategies (e.g., use of point-of-care diagnostic tests, delayed antibiotic … Other point-of-care tests (such as the rapid strep test, multi-viral polymerase chain reaction [PCR … testing) reduced antibiotic prescribing, but evidence on adverse consequences associated with these tests … Interventions To Reduce Antibiotic Prescribing Category Explanations and Examples Clinical Point-of-care tests

224. Medical Care for Adults with Down Syndrome (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/care-adults-down-syndrome-protocol.pdf
     July 09, 2024 - Study Interventions KQ1: Screening/diagnostic tests for co-occurring medical conditions in adults with … coronary artery disease/ or exp cerebrovascular disorders/ or exp heart diseases/ or heart function tests … ti,ab,kf. 3 Auditory Perceptual Disorders/ or exp hearing loss/ or hearing tests/ or presbycusis/ or … "/ or neuropsychological tests/ or (Alzheimer* or dementia? … kf. 19 exp Eye Diseases/ or eyeglasses/ or exp Visual Acuity/ or exp Vision Disorders/ or Vision Tests

225. Updating Current Effectiveness Reviews (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-assessment-research-updates_research.pdf
     September 15, 2008 - 6 3 Background The Effective Health Care Program (EHC) researches available health care tests … health care they want to have, and can help clinicians and health care purchasers to focus on the best tests … Effectiveness of Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities 02/2006 3. … We conducted pilot tests of the initial letter among the principal investigator and several Technical … for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 6 1 1 4 Yes Yes Effectiveness of Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests

226. Renal-Cancer Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/renal-cancer_research-protocol.pdf
     April 20, 2015 - or biopsy) Composite models (combination of demographics, clinical characteristics, blood/urine tests … biopsy) • Composite models (combination of demographics, clinical characteristics, blood/urine tests … .[38-39] The results of the diagnostic tests will be tabulated and sensitivity, specificity, positive … of bias • Medium risk of bias • High risk of bias Well designed and executed studies of new tests … Grading a Body of Evidence on Diagnostic Tests. In: Chang SM, Matchar DB, Smetana GW, et al, eds.

227. An analytical framework for quantifying components of variability in prescriber decisions (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/instrumental-variable-methods_research.pdf
     April 01, 2010 - Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica 1978;46:1251- 1271. 69. Wu DM. … Alternative tests of the independance between stochastic regessors and disturbances. … These tests assume that one has available a valid IV and the test then attempts to determine whether … Tests of this sort have been proposed by Durbin, 67 Hausman, 68 and Wu. 69 One limitation of … these tests is that they assume homogeneous treatment effects.

228. Template for Reports Developed (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/c-difficile-future_research.pdf
     October 26, 2012 - Comparative data were not found for many currently used tests. … Substantial differences in false positives, that is, specificity, were not found among the tests that … Comparative data were not always available for the three currently available gene detection tests. … Comparative data were not found for many currently used tests. … Comparative data were not found for many currently used tests.

229. Kravitz_ECCS2012 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/kravitz_eccs2012.pdf
     January 01, 2012 - outpatients made requests for physician action. o Requests were made for:  Laboratory testing, imaging tests … for care after their visits. o Most, but not all, of the unmet expectations concerned medications, tests

230. Liver-Cancer Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/liver-cancer_executive.pdf
     October 01, 2014 - liver that are clinically suspicious for HCC.4 The evaluation phase involves the use of additional tests … We excluded studies in which the reference standard involved one of the imaging tests under evaluation … Technical information for different imaging tests was abstracted.11 Assessment of Methodological Risk … We identified 274 studies that evaluated diagnostic accuracy of imaging tests. … Fifty-four studies evaluated diagnostic accuracy of imaging tests in diagnosing HCC among individuals

231. Disposition of Comments for PCA3 Testing for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-test_disposition-comments.pdf
     April 01, 2013 - that have analyzed 2 or more tests in the same patients. … TEP # 13 ES-10, line 23 Refers to the PCA3 tests as "noninvasive" and "from urine." … Would it be sufficient to simply say that the tests are done using a urine sample, or to qualify the … At very low, or high specificities, the two tests will be most likely similar. … screening tests for cancer or for other diseases.

232. Prostate-Cancer-Risk-Assessment-Genes Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-risk-assessment-genes_executive.pdf
     July 01, 2012 - Amidst substantial debate,17-23 the argument has been made for developing more accurate screening tests … In general, proposed tests with an AUC of 75 percent or less are unlikely to be clinically useful.60,61 … For one of the panels,54 we noted the development of separate tests for SNPs in steroid hormone pathway … the risk models based on SNP panels improved the AUC only marginally compared with non–SNP-based tests … Misconceptions about the use of genetic tests in populations. Lancet. 2001;357(9257):709-12.

233. Diagnosis and Management of Gout: Current State of the Evidence (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/gout_clinician.pdf
     January 01, 2017 - One review evaluated the evidence regarding the accuracy and safety of tests used to initially diagnose … The role of clinical algorithms (which often draw upon clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory tests … The two systematic reviews summarized here assessed the accuracy of tests to diagnose gout and also

234. PEPTIC ULCER #11 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/peptic-ulcer-horizon-scan-high-impact-1406.pdf
     June 01, 2014 - AHRQ is interested in innovations in drugs and biologics, medical devices, screening and diagnostic tests … to identification of new (and new uses of existing) pharmaceuticals, medical devices, diagnostic tests … .21 These tests may include blood tests to measure nutrient levels in the bloodstream, abdominal x-rays … or ultrasound to provide images of the abdomen, stool-sample tests to detect infection or unabsorbed … and protein, endoscopy or 4 colonoscopy to examine the inside of the intestine, and other tests

235. Data Points 15: Breast Cancer Diagnostic Workup: Prognostic factor testing among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dcis-prognostic-tests_research.pdf
     August 22, 2012 - However, rates of positive ER tests have not increased. … Rates of testing varied significantly across race groups for all tests. … However, the pat- tern of change differed between tests. … These tests provide information about the tumor’s aggressiveness, based on how it responds to external … BRCA: We identified tests for BRCA 1 and 2 in the Medicare claims data using HCPCS codes 83080, 83890

236. Colorectal-Surgery-Preparation Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colorectal-surgery-preparation_research-protocol.pdf
     March 26, 2013 - o The same as for KQ 2a, with the additional requirement that studies report formal interaction tests … For all statistical tests, Source: http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov Posted: March 26, 2013 12 … Although these tests are often referred to as tests for publication bias; reasons other than publication … smaller and larger studies, other biases, and chance, thereby rendering the interpretation of the tests … nonspecific and the tests noninformative.32,33 Therefore, instead of relying on statistical tests,

237. Urinary-Incontinence-Treatment Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/urinary-incontinence-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
     September 30, 2010 - methods—questionnaires, checklists, scales, self-reports of UI during a clinical examination, pad tests … methods—questionnaires, checklists and scales, self-reports of UI during a clinical examination, pad tests … Studies that reported absolute values of the diagnostic tests in incontinent women; 9. … Studies that did not report true and false positive and negative cases of diagnostic tests. … We will also analyze urinary continence defined as negative stress and pad tests.

238. PREGNANCY, INCLUDING PRETERM BIRTH #12 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pregnancy_hi_impact.pdf
     January 01, 2012 - AHRQ is interested in innovations in drugs and biologics, medical devices, screening and diagnostic tests … to identification of new (and new uses of existing) pharmaceuticals, medical devices, diagnostic tests … Upon receiving a positive result from these first-trimester tests, a woman may be counseled to undergo … These confirmatory tests pose a risk of miscarriage. … , the increased patient comfort relative to invasive tests, and the ability of most any physician’s

239. Disposition of Comments for CER 163 Appropriate Antibiotics (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antibiotics-respiratory-infection_disposition-comments.pdf
     January 27, 2016 - There are emerging genetic tests to assess for presence of virus (es). … Point of care testing lines 40-48, clearly some of these tests were not in fact point of care tests … Seems particularly relevant for studies of diagnostic tests, such as procalcitonin. … Rapid Strep tests refer to Group A strep (S. pyogenes) not S. pneumonia/ Pneumococcus. … Point of care tests such as procalcitonin, CRP and rapid strep tests hold promise in terms of reducing

240. PEPTIC ULCER #11 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/peptic-ulcer-horizon-scan-high-impact-1412.pdf
     December 01, 2014 - AHRQ is interested in innovations in drugs and biologics, medical devices, screening and diagnostic tests … to identification of new (and new uses of existing) pharmaceuticals, medical devices, diagnostic tests … .29 These tests may include blood tests to measure nutrient levels in the bloodstream, abdominal x-rays … or ultrasound to provide images of the abdomen, stool-sample tests to detect infection or unabsorbed … sugar and protein, endoscopy or colonoscopy to examine the inside of the intestine, and other tests