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181. Test-Performance-Metrics Appendixes (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/test-performance-metrics_appendixes.pdf
     January 01, 2005 - Screening tests typically operate in the less shaded areas, whereas confirmatory tests used to rule … 10 or more and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.1 or less are considered to represent informative tests … diagnostic odds ratios to weigh sensitivity and specificity separately, and to distinguish between tests … with high sensitivity and low specificity and tests with low sensitivity and high specificity.

182. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0310_05-13-2008.pdf
     January 01, 2008 - What are the best available screening and diagnostic tests (e.g., test characteristics vs. costs; e.g … What diagnostic and screening tests are presently available? 2. … What is the predictive value of these tests in different populations (which requires estimating the

183. Colorectal-Cancer-Protocol_130520 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colorectal-cancer-staging_research-protocol.pdf
     May 20, 2013 - can be crudely divided into noninvasive and invasive tests. … , staging tests using noninvasive means are also important. … This review will focus on noninvasive imaging tests for staging. … Imaging tests can be broadly divided into two categories—some tests primarily provide anatomical information … and experimental imaging tests from inclusion in the report.

184. Protocol: Imaging for Pretreatment Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/lung-cancer-staging_research-protocol.pdf
     December 08, 2014 - Imaging Tests This section discusses several types of imaging tests used in the process of staging SCLC … The study must have provided data comparing two or more tests (or test strategies). … Grading a body of evidence on diagnostic tests (AHRQ publication no. 12-EHC079-EF). … patient’s true condition changed between tests)? … standard was unknowable until after the tests were read)?

185. Diagnosis of Gout | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/gout/research-protocol-2014
     July 17, 2014 - A question of interest is whether any combination of clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory tests … accessible in the primary or acute care setting will have good predictive value compared with tests … How does the diagnostic accuracy of clinical signs and symptoms and other tests vary by affected joint … Studies that measure sensitivity and specificity for a test or combination of tests to diagnose gout … but instead will use the terms “gout” combined with the terms for the diagnostic tests.

186. AHRQ’s Evidence-based Practice Center Program Synthesizing evidence to improve health care practice and delivery (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/epc-synthesizing-evidence-improve.pdf
     July 01, 2020 - Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews http://www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/methods-guidance-tests … Applies the same principles for assessing treatments to issues and challenges in assessing medical tests … , and highlights areas where different qualities of medical tests necessitate a different or variation

187. Treating Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies-update/consumer
     January 21, 2016 - Yes, this information is right for you if: Your doctor* said all tests show you have localized prostate … What tests check for prostate cancer? … Common tests to check for prostate cancer include: Digital rectal exam: Your doctor inserts a finger … If the test results are not normal, your doctor may recommend more tests, such as a biopsy. … Your doctor will not do any tests to see if your cancer is growing.

188. Effectiveness of Screening and Treatment of C. difficile Infections | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/c-diff-infections/research-protocol
     May 24, 2010 - Interventions: Diagnostic tests: tests for toxin producing C. difficile , such as enzyme immunoassays … laboratory tests), other diagnostic test interventions listed above. … Tests for technical feasibility and cost characteristics will be excluded. … Tests must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and in current use. … Studies which used in-house laboratory cell cytotoxicity tests will be excluded.

189. Executive Summary CER 171: Noninvasive Testing for Coronary Artery Disease (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/coronary-artery-disease-testing_executive.pdf
     March 01, 2011 - Noninvasive diagnostic tests can be broadly divided into two categories: functional tests and anatomic … tests. … • What is the comparative effectiveness of anatomic tests versus functional tests in those who are … • What is the comparative effectiveness of anatomic tests versus functional tests in those who are … Older studies of established tests (particularly functional tests) may not be as applicable in light

190. Noninvasive Testing for Coronary Artery Disease | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/coronary-artery-disease-testing/research
     March 29, 2016 - tomography angiography (CCTA), and calcium scoring via computed tomography--with other noninvasive tests … Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was more common following CCTA than following various functional tests … Few studies compared functional tests, and findings were inconsistent for ICA and revascularization referral … followup to assess clinical outcomes, is needed to determine optimal testing strategies and roles of tests

191. Topic 0505 Genetic Testing for Developmental Diseases NSD FINAL_SJ (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND-0594-131115.pdf
     March 13, 2013 - disorder (ASD) in children and is interested to know the clinical utility of these sophisticated genetic tests … Which genetic tests should be conducted? … even more sophisticated genetic testing for DD/ID and ASD A technical brief that examines available tests

192. Disposition of Comments for Imaging Tests for the Staging of Colorectal Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/colorectal-cancer-staging_disposition-comments.pdf
     November 20, 2014 - Disposition of Comments for Imaging Tests for the Staging of Colorectal Cancer Comparative Effectiveness … Review Disposition of Comments Report Research Review Title: Imaging Tests for the Staging of Colorectal … Imaging Tests for the Staging of Colorectal Cancer. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 142. … Although these tests are listed as being equal, they are not. … In addition, some diagnostics tests are synergistic.

193. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/wireless-motility-capsule_research-protocol.pdf
     March 14, 2012 - Clinicians proceed to diagnostic tests based on patients' initial symptomatic presentation. … However, these tests are not perfect and have limitations that will be addressed later in this section … Need for additional tests because of continued uncertainty about diagnosis 3. … Clinical utility of diagnostic tests for constipation in adults: a systematic review. … Chapter 7: grading a body of evidence on diagnostic tests.

194. Disposition of Comment Report for Wireless Motility Capsule Versus Other Diagnostic Technologies for Evaluating Gastroparesis and Constipation (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/wireless-motility-capsule_disposition-comments.pdf
     May 20, 2013 - Thus, WMC can help eliminate the need for other tests. … Whether one should compare with breath tests may have to be considered. … symptoms compared to 180,000 conventional motility tests performed. … We referenced the tests since some centers have reported its use. … such as gastric emptying breath tests).

195. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/c-diff-infections_executive.pdf
     December 01, 2011 - Direct comparisons of diagnostic tests without a reference test were not included. … to greater degrees than gene detection tests as well. … Diagnostic tests. … Comparative data were not found for many currently used tests. … Evaluation of diagnostic tests for Clostridium difficile infection.

196. CER 174 Executive Summary: Imaging for the Pretreatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/lung-cancer-staging_executive.pdf
     April 01, 2016 - Ideally, studies would directly compare two or more tests (or test strategies). … Only studies of the imaging tests of interest were included (listed in the KQs above). … Risk-of-Bias Evaluation For studies directly comparing two or more imaging tests, we applied a set … and a second time if equivocal bone scans are treated as negative tests. … Grading a body of evidence on diagnostic tests (AHRQ publication no. 12-EHC079-EF).

197. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hepatitis-c-screening/research
     November 27, 2012 - We selected studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive tests compared to liver biopsy … Compared with liver biopsy, a number of indices based on panels of blood tests were associated with a … insufficient evidence to determine clinical outcomes associated with strategies incorporating noninvasive tests … Conclusions Although screening tests can accurately identify adults with chronic HCV infection, targeted

198. Gout Executive-2016 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gout_executive-2016.pdf
     January 01, 2016 - The safety of tests used to diagnose gout also needs to be considered. … affect the sensitivity or specificity of tests (joints involved, duration of symptoms). … ; instead, we used the term “gout” combined with the terms for the diagnostic tests. … The strength of evidence for these tests is insufficient. … Other tests 0 studies Insufficient None 1b.

199. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Clinical Utility in Asthma Management | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/asthma-nitric-oxide/research-protocol
     September 12, 2016 - Various tests, including spirometry pre and post bronchodilator, and bronchoprovocation may be used by … More recently, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been added to the list of tests clinicians … There are some data 9-11 to suggest that FeNO compares favorably to other predictive tests to address … In addition to have some possible advantages over other tests to select treatment and measure response … Improved tests for a random effects meta-regression with a single covariate.

200. Gout Dx protocol_140715-draft (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/gout_research-protocol-2014.pdf
     January 01, 2014 - A question of interest is whether any combination of clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory tests … accessible in the primary or acute care setting will have good predictive value compared with tests … What is the accuracy of clinical signs and symptoms and other diagnostic tests (such as serum uric … Studies that measure sensitivity and specificity for a test or combination of tests to diagnose gout … but instead will use the terms “gout” combined with the terms for the diagnostic tests.