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101. Topic Brief: Screening and Treating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/system/files/docs/na_liver_disease_topic_brief_topic_brief.pdf
     October 30, 2020 - However, the USPSTF has not assessed tests for NAFLD, such as liver ultrasound, liver function tests … What is the comparative accuracy of different screening tests or combinations of screening tests for … or combinations of tests. … , but did not include non-imaging diagnostic tests. … Abbreviations: BMI= body mass index; LFTs= liver function tests.

102. Blood-based Tests for Multiple Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-protocol.pdf
     June 05, 2024 - • Blood tests used in combination with other tests such as imaging are eligible. … on cancers with standards of care screening tests. … However, they may be useful for describing the landscape of current tests and determining which tests … , with few tests evaluated by more than one study. … For KQ 3, we will consider the pace of evolution and enhancements of the tests evaluated, whether tests

103. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-intro.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Systematic reviews of medical tests help determine which tests can be relied on to improve health outcomes … Medical Test Reviews (1 of 4) Systematic reviews of medical tests help determine which tests can be relied … Medical Tests Overview (1 of 2) Medical tests are common tools used by clinicians caring for patients … Challenges Specific to Medical Tests (1 of 2) Assessing the impact of medical tests can be challenging … Using Medical Tests (1 of 2) In recognition of the unique challenges to evaluating medical tests, two

104. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-intro.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Systematic reviews of medical tests help determine which tests can be relied on to improve health outcomes … Medical Test Reviews (1 of 4) Systematic reviews of medical tests help determine which tests can be relied … Medical Tests Overview (1 of 2) Medical tests are common tools used by clinicians caring for patients … Challenges Specific to Medical Tests (1 of 2) Assessing the impact of medical tests can be challenging … Using Medical Tests (1 of 2) In recognition of the unique challenges to evaluating medical tests, two

105. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-strength-evidence.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - tests (predict responsiveness to treatment). … This module focuses on diagnostic tests (i.e., tests used in the diagnostic and management strategy of … a patient’s symptoms), as opposed to prognostic tests (i.e., tests which predict responsiveness to treatment … Prognostic tests are discussed in a subsequent module. … Tests are usually part of an algorithm.

106. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-strength-evidence.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - tests (predict responsiveness to treatment). … This module focuses on diagnostic tests (i.e., tests used in the diagnostic and management strategy of … a patient’s symptoms), as opposed to prognostic tests (i.e., tests which predict responsiveness to treatment … Prognostic tests are discussed in a subsequent module. … Tests are usually part of an algorithm.

107. Diagnosis of Right Lower Quadrant Pain and Suspected Acute Appendicitis | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/appendicitis/research
     December 14, 2015 - symptoms and signs (137 studies), laboratory tests (217 studies), imaging tests (519 studies), multivariable … Trials directly comparing diagnostic tests were too heterogeneous to support definitive conclusions; … therefore, most of our results pertain to the test performance of individual tests. … The evidence on individual tests indicates that imaging tests have adequate test performance, while clinical … symptoms and signs and laboratory tests used in isolation have lower discriminatory capacity.

108. Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Current State of the Evidence | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/celiac-disease/clinician
     July 26, 2016 - Endomysial antibody (EmA) IgA tests have lower sensitivity but similar specificity to tTG IgA tests ( … high SOE). tTG IgA tests are more sensitive than DGP IgA and DGP IgG tests in adults who are not IgA … Limited evidence suggests that DGP tests are more accurate than tTG tests in children <24 months of age … Other tests may be ordered for individuals who are IgA deficient. … Testing algorithms All algorithms studied used tTG tests.

109. Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Current State of the Evidence (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/celiac-disease_clinician.pdf
     July 01, 2016 - Endomysial antibody (EmA) IgA tests have lower sensitivity but similar specificity to tTG IgA tests … (high SOE). tTG IgA tests are more sensitive than DGP IgA and DGP IgG tests in adults who are not … Both tTG and DGP tests are more sensitive in children than in adults. … Limited evidence suggests that DGP tests are more accurate than tTG tests in children <24 months of … Testing algorithms �� All algorithms studied used tTG tests.

110. Evidence-based Practice | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/evidence-based-practice
     September 01, 2019 - June 1, 2012 Chapter 4: Effective Search Strategies for Systematic Reviews of Medical Tests … June 1, 2012 Chapter 10: Deciding Whether To Complement a Systematic Review of Medical Tests

111. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-frameworks.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Developing the topic and structuring systematic reviews of medical tests. … In revealing potential benefits and harms of the tests? … Adverse events of subsequent treatment/ other tests? … The same cases must be detected by both tests. … This requires that both tests detect the same cases.

112. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-frameworks.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Developing the topic and structuring systematic reviews of medical tests. … In revealing potential benefits and harms of the tests? … Adverse events of subsequent treatment/ other tests? … The same cases must be detected by both tests. … This requires that both tests detect the same cases.

113. Decision Modeling (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-decision-modeling.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Decision Modeling Deciding Whether To Complement a Systematic Review of Medical Tests With Decision … Deciding whether to complement a systematic review of medical tests with decision modeling. … Deciding whether to complement a systematic review of medical tests with decision modeling. … Inference between tests If the sensitivities of two tests are very similar, it is reasonable to expect … Extrapolation between tests Tests operate on same principle, so the clinical/biological characteristics

114. Decision Modeling (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-decision-modeling.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Decision Modeling Deciding Whether To Complement a Systematic Review of Medical Tests With Decision … Deciding whether to complement a systematic review of medical tests with decision modeling. … Deciding whether to complement a systematic review of medical tests with decision modeling. … Inference between tests If the sensitivities of two tests are very similar, it is reasonable to expect … Extrapolation between tests Tests operate on same principle, so the clinical/biological characteristics

115. Effectiveness of Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities Appendices (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests_appendixes.pdf
     May 23, 2005 - Effectiveness of Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities Appendices Appendix A. … value/de False negative False positive Gold standard Likelihood Precision Predictive value of tests … If a clinician tests a patient from a population with a disease prevalence of 70%, and the test comes … Heterogeneity tests of D I2 = 69% Q = 67.23 p of Q = 0.0000000009 D= ln of the diagnostic … Heterogeneity tests D I2 = 70% Q = 7.12 p of Q = 0.02843 +lnLHR I2 = 63.97% Q = 271.98 p of

116. PROPOSALS FOR A PHASED EVALUATION OF (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/whitepaper3-lijmer02262010-2.pdf
     January 01, 2009 - Proposals for a phased evaluation of medical tests. Medical Tests—White Paper Series. … of diagnostic tests. … process for evaluating data on emerging genetic tests. … Can a similarly staged model be used for the evaluation of medical tests? … ACCE: A Model Process for Evaluating Data on Emerging Genetic Tests.

117. Appendicitis Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/appendicitis_executive.pdf
     December 01, 2015 - selected laboratory tests. … tests. … Among laboratory tests, white blood cell count, 15 C-reactive protein, and tests derived from combinations … that the results of earlier tests determine the choice of subsequent tests). … Comparative studies are needed for all tests and all populations.

118. Appendix-Table-B-1-Observational-Studies (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/appendix-table-B-1-observational-studies.xlsx
     March 20, 2021 - PCR (viral genome sequencing of a subset) Positive: 1.9 tests per-person; 0.5 tests per-person after … first Ab+ test Negative:1.7 tests per-person; 0.9 tests per-person after first Ab+ test 0.5 Any (% … during second surge (%) Positive 0 tests: 3,525 (32) 1 test: 2,426 (22) 2–3 tests: 2,719 (25) 4+ tests … : 2,398 (22) Negative 0 tests: 124,165 (24) 1 test: 117,711 (23); 2–3 tests: 154,359 (30) 4+ tests: 118,036 … occurring in the positive cohort ≥90 days after primary PCR+ test PCR Tests per 10,000 days at risk

119. Noninvasive Testing for Coronary Artery Disease (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/coronary-artery-disease-testing_research-protocol.pdf
     January 15, 2015 - Noninvasive diagnostic tests can be broadly divided into two categories: functional tests and anatomic … tests. … What is the comparative effectiveness of anatomic tests versus functional tests in those who are at … What is the comparative effectiveness of anatomic tests versus functional tests in those who are at … o Anatomic tests: coronary calcium scoring via EBCT or MDCT, and CCTA o Functional tests (including

120. Topic 0438 Risk stratification and CAD NSD FINAL_SJ-2 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND-0520-131115.pdf
     November 15, 2013 - Results of Topic Selection Process & Next Steps  The topic, Non-invasive Tests … Topic Description Nominator(s): Organization Nomination Non-invasive Tests to Diagnose Patients … Multiple non-invasive tests (NITs) are available to aid the evaluation of patients at intermediate risk … These tests are widely used, but the choice of NIT differs widely by clinician preference, availability … There is no clear guidance of what the test or combination of tests to use for patients with different