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21. Chapter 7: Grading a Body of Evidence on Diagnostic Tests | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-grading/methods
    December 01, 2019 - Our focus will be on diagnostic tests, meaning tests that are used in the diagnostic and management strategy … This is particularly challenging when tests are used as a part of an algorithm. … Tests that are more invasive will naturally have greater harms. … Key Points One can use GRADE for diagnostic tests. … Impact of Gene Expression Profiling Tests on Breast Cancer Outcomes.

22. Chapter 2. Developing the Topic and Structuring Systematic Reviews of Medical Tests: Utility of PICOTS, Analytic Frameworks, Decision Trees, and Other Frameworks | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-topics/methods
    December 01, 2019 - Developing the Topic and Structuring Systematic Reviews of Medical Tests: Utility of PICOTS, Analytic … This paper highlights challenges unique to systematic reviews of medical tests. … such tests in clinical decisionmaking, such as guiding the decision to perform a biopsy. … Are tests’ cases subsequently confirmed by same reference standard? … Proposals for a phased evaluation of medical tests. Med Decis Making. 2009;29(5):E13-21.

23. Comparative Effectiveness of Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities – An Update of a 2006 Report | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/breast-abnormalities-tests-update/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - to the list of tests to be evaluated in the systematic review. … In addition to the tests chosen for review, the TEP discussed a number of other diagnostic tests, such … comparing the tests as the reported evidence permits. … Effectiveness of Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities . … Systematic reviews of evaluations of diagnostic and screening tests.

24. Systematic Review of Prognostic Tests | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-prognostic/slides
    December 01, 2019 - Home Evidence Reports Systematic Review of Prognostic Tests … SHARE: Systematic Review of Prognostic Tests … faculty instructing investigators and clinicians interested in systematic review methods for medical tests … Internet Citation: Presentation: Systematic Review of Prognostic Tests … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-prognostic/slides  

25. Options for Summarizing Medical Test Performance in the Absence of a "Gold Standard" | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-performance
    March 01, 2021 - https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-performance  

26. Data Points #15: Prognostic factor testing among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/dcis-prognostic-tests/research
    December 01, 2019 - However, rates of positive ER tests have not increased. … Rates of testing varied significantly across race groups for all tests. … However, the pattern of change differed between tests. … These tests provide information about the tumor's aggressiveness, based on how it responds to external … Therefore, treatment guidelines do not include PR tests, despite their being considered standard care

27. Developing the Topic and Structuring Systematic Reviews of Medical Tests: Utility of PICOTS, Analytic Frameworks, Decision Trees, and Other Frameworks | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-topics/slides
    December 01, 2019 - Evidence Reports Developing the Topic and Structuring Systematic Reviews of Medical Tests … Developing the Topic and Structuring Systematic Reviews of Medical Tests … faculty instructing investigators and clinicians interested in systematic review methods for medical tests … Developing the Topic and Structuring Systematic Reviews of Medical Tests: Utility of PICOTS, Analytic … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-topics/slides  

28. Grading the Strength of a Body of Evidence on Diagnostic Tests | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-grading/slides
    December 01, 2019 - Evidence Reports Grading the Strength of a Body of Evidence on Diagnostic Tests … SHARE: Grading the Strength of a Body of Evidence on Diagnostic Tests … faculty instructing investigators and clinicians interested in systematic review methods for medical tests … Project Timeline Grading a Body of Evidence on Diagnostic Tests Nov 4, 2010 … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-grading/slides  

29. Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities: Update of a 2006 Review | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/breast-abnormalities-tests-update/research
    December 01, 2019 - Home Evidence Reports Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests … SHARE: Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests … clinicians can identify women with a pretest suspicion of malignancy in the ranges necessary for the tests … Project Timeline Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities: Update of a 2006 Review … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/breast-abnormalities-tests-update/research

30. Challenges in and Principles for Conducting Systematic Reviews of Genetic Tests Used as Predictive Indicators | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-genetic/slides
    December 01, 2019 - Reports Challenges in and Principles for Conducting Systematic Reviews of Genetic Tests … Challenges in and Principles for Conducting Systematic Reviews of Genetic Tests … faculty instructing investigators and clinicians interested in systematic review methods for medical tests … Project Timeline Challenges in and Principles for Conducting Systematic Reviews of Genetic Tests Used … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-genetic/slides  

31. Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Tests for Evaluating Musculoskeletal Complaints in Children | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/musculoskeletal-complaints-tests-children/research
    December 01, 2019 - Reports Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Tests … Because the Sn and Sp of these tests have yet to be verified, current evidence does not support their … use as diagnostic tests for children with undiagnosed MSK pain. … Project Timeline Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Tests for … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/musculoskeletal-complaints-tests-children/research

32. What is the comparative effectiveness of genetic and other diagnostic tests to identify and treat intellectual and developmental disabilities caused by genetic mutations in post-natal to early childhood populations? | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/what-is-the-comparative-effectiveness-of-genetic-and-other-diagnostic-tests-to-identify-and-treat-intellectual-and-developmental-disabilities-caused-by-genetic-mutations-in-post-natal-to-early-childhood-populations
    November 01, 2017 - for the following: Angelman syndrome Genetic tests: Methylation analysis of 15q11.2-q13 FISH … Clinical tests: Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) … the clinical utility of these tests versus other options. … For policy-makers the issue centers on whether genetic tests should be covered. … It is also unclear which tests are the most likely to correctly identify specific intellectual and/or

33. Imaging Tests to Check for Kidney Stones in the Emergency Department | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/kidney-stone-imaging/consumer
    November 01, 2020 - If the emergency doctor thinks you might have a kidney stone, several tests may be done. … Blood Tests : To check the health of your kidneys and for signs of a kidney or blood infection. … Imaging Tests : To check for kidney stones in your urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, and bladder). … Imaging tests may include a CT scan or an ultrasound. … Imaging Tests To Check for Kidney Stones Two imaging tests to check for kidney stones are a CT scan

34. Chapter 10: Deciding Whether To Complement a Systematic Review of Medical Tests With Decision Modeling | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-decision-models/methods
    December 01, 2019 - Reports Chapter 10: Deciding Whether To Complement a Systematic Review of Medical Tests … Therefore, test performance is typically not sufficient for assessing the usefulness of medical tests … Medical tests exert most of their effects in an indirect way. … detected by the more sensitive tests may not have the same treatment response. … Evaluating new screening tests for breast cancer. BMJ 2006; 332(7543):678-679.

35. Chapter 5: Assessing Risk of Bias as a Domain of Quality in Medical Test Studies | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-bias/methods
    December 01, 2019 - Introduction Medical tests are indispensable for clinicians in that they provide information that goes … , clinical examinations, imaging tests, questionnaires, pathology, and measures of health status (e.g … Cochrane Methods Working Group on Systematic Review of Screening and Diagnostic Tests. … Empirical evidence of design-related bias in studies of diagnostic tests. … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-bias/methods  

36. Chapter 6: Assessing Applicability of Medical Test Studies in Systematic Reviews | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-applicability/methods
    December 01, 2019 - Abstract Use of medical tests should be guided by research evidence about the accuracy and utility … of those tests in clinical care settings. … Rapidly Evolving Tests A third challenge, especially relevant to medical tests, is that, even more … than treatments, tests often change rapidly, in degree (enhancements in existing technologies), type … How and by whom tests are conducted in practice and in studies.

37. Chapter 3: Choosing the Important Outcomes for a Systematic Review of a Medical Test | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-outcomes/methods
    October 01, 2019 - tests, and prognostic tests, although prognostic tests are also discussed in Chapter 11. … It is likely that the direct health effects of screening tests are less than in tests used for diagnosis … and prognosis: screening tests are generally designed to be less invasive than tests used to make diagnoses … Example of a Diagnostic Test We differentiate diagnostic tests from screening tests largely by the … effects than tests used for other purposes.

38. Chapter 8: Meta-Analysis of Test Performance When There Is a “Gold Standard” | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-metaanalysis/methods
    December 01, 2019 - or suggestive thresholds, such as imaging or histological tests. … Table 8–1 lists commonly used methods for meta-analysis of medical tests. … Proposals for a phased evaluation of medical tests. Med Decis Making 2009; 29(5):E13-E21. … Empirical evidence of design-related bias in studies of diagnostic tests. … Exploring sources of heterogeneity in systematic reviews of diagnostic tests.

39. Chapter 1: Introduction to the Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-introduction/methods
    December 01, 2019 - Introduction With the growing number, complexity, and cost of medical tests, which tests can reliably … The second tenet is that medical tests (and therefore assessments of those tests) are about improving … tests are among the most commonly employed. … The PICOTS typology as applied to interventions and medical tests. … and prognostic tests, respectively.

40. Chapter 9: Options for Summarizing Medical Test Performance in the Absence of a “Gold Standard” | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-performance/methods
    December 01, 2019 - Assess the concordance of difference tests instead of test accuracy. … Tests With Correlated Results Within the Strata of the Disease When the two tests are correlated conditional … Evaluation of diagnostic tests when there is no gold standard. A review of methods. … The effect of conditional dependence on the evaluation of diagnostic tests. … Meta-analysis of diagnostic tests with imperfect reference standards.