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21. van Wijk MAM et al. 2001 "Assessment of decision support for blood test ordering in primary care - a randomized trial." | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/workflow-assessment-health-it-toolkit/research/van-wijk-mam-et-al-2001
    January 01, 2001 - Measurements: Average number of blood tests ordered per order form per practice. … Results: General practitioners who used [the guideline version] requested 20% fewer tests on average … tests, respectively; P = 0.003, Mann-Whitney test). … Guideline-driven decision support systems can be effective in reducing the number of laboratory tests … The list of tests displayed is customizable.

22. Does the computerized display of charges affect inpatient ancillary test utilization? | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/does-computerized-display
    November 24, 1997 - Summary: Settings:  Academic tertiary care hospital whose clinical laboratories perform 3.5 million tests … In the intervention group, the charges for laboratory or radiology tests that were being ordered were … and 74% of radiology tests had an associated order in the computer system. … trend of 4.5 % fewer tests ordered and a non-statistically significant 4.2 % decrease in charges. … For the radiologic tests, the number of tests ordered and performed for admission were no different between

23. Improving Management of Test Results That Return After Hospital Discharge (pdf file)
    digital.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/activity/2011_018539_were_pdf_3.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - The first is a tool, the Pending Test Processor (PTP), which automatically identifies tests with pending … results at hospital discharge and incorporates these tests into the discharge summary. … second is a modification of the DOCS4DOCS® clinical-messaging tool to deliver results for pending tests … results at hospital discharge and assist in the incorporation of these tests into the discharge … (Achieved) • Evaluate the impact of this tool on accuracy of documenting pending tests in discharge

24. Improving Management of Test Results That Return After Hospital Discharge (pdf file)
    digital.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/activity/improving_management_of_test_results_that_return_after_hospital_discharge_2010_pdf__2.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - discharged with pending test results experience medical errors related to missed results for those tests … The first is a tool to automatically identify tests with pending results at hospital discharge and assist … in incorporating these tests into the discharge summary. … (Achieved) •   Evaluate the impact of this tool on accuracy of documenting pending tests in discharge … , who can select tests for inclusion in the discharge summary.

25. Improving Management of Test Results That Return After Hospital Discharge (pdf file)
    digital.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/activity/k08hs018539-were-annual-summary-2012.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - summaries, the main mode of in-to-outpatient communication, remain highly inadequate at documenting tests … The goal of this project is to improve management of tests with pending results at hospital discharge … second is a modification of the DOCS4DOCS® clinical-messaging tool to deliver results for pending tests … (Achieved) • Evaluate the impact of this tool on accuracy of documenting pending tests in discharge … Preliminary Impact and Findings: The analysis showed that documentation of all tests with pending

26. Bindels R et al. 2003 "The efficacy of an automated feedback system for general practitioners." | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/workflow-assessment-health-it-toolkit/research/bindels-r-et-al-2003
    January 01, 2003 - non-adherence of general practitioners (GPs) to accepted practice guidelines for ordering diagnostic tests … If deemed necessary, they could make changes in the tests requested. … MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of requested diagnostic tests (17% with 95% confidence interval [CI … ]: 12-22%) and the fraction of tests ordered that were not in accordance with the practice guidelines … "Due to comments of the...system 457 tests were removed (leucocyte count 66 times, packed cell volume

27. Embedding guidelines into direct physician order entry: simple methods, powerful results | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/embedding-guidelines-direct
    January 01, 1999 - Evaluation Method:  Measures of ordering tests or medications, and tests conforming to guideline indications … Description:  Through the use of the CPR, clinicians electronically order laboratory tests, radiology … tests, and prescriptions. … Healthcare Utilization:  The number of upper-GI radiology tests ordered after the implementation of the … Quality of Care and Patient Safety Outcome:  The percent of upper-GI radiology tests that conformed to

28. Computerized display of past test results. Effect on outpatient testing | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/computerized-display-past-test
    October 01, 1987 - Purpose of Study:  To determine the effect of displaying previous results of diagnostic tests on the … ordering of selected outpatient tests. … Outcomes:  Rates of test-ordering for 8 selected tests Summary: Settings:  General Medicine Clinic at …   Regenstrief Medical Record System Healthcare Utilization:  Significant reduction in the number of tests … and charges for tests before vs. after the intervention.

29. The effect of immediate access to a computerized medical record on physician test ordering: a controlled clinical trial in the emergency room | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/effect-immediate-access
    July 01, 1982 - in an emergency room setting Years of study:  Not Available Study Design:  RCT Outcomes:  Number of tests … ordered and the total charge for these tests per patient visit Summary: Settings:  The emergency department … Healthcare Utilization:  Internists ordered an average of 3.2 tests for control visits and 2.7 tests … Changes in healthcare costs:  The internists ordered tests costing $34.91 for control visits and $29.94 … The surgeons ordered tests costing $15.50 under study conditions and $17.75 under control conditions.

30. The use of expert systems for improving test use and enhancing the accuracy of diagnosis | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/use-expert-systems-improving
    January 01, 2002 - System that provides electronic knowledge support for the ordering and interpretation of laboratory tests … Interoperability:  Laboratory Advisory System receives the results of tests completed in the lab as an … Healthcare Utilization:  In comparison to usual care across the 14 clinical vignettes the average number of tests … Changes in healthcare costs:  Cost of tests using the LAS system was $40 per patient less than the costs … of tests ordered without use of the system.

31. Effects of Health Information Exchange Adoption on Ambulatory Testing Rates - Final Report (pdf file)
    digital.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/publication/r21hs018749-nease-final-report-2013.pdf
    January 01, 2013 - likely to repeat those tests. … • Hypothesis 1b) the mean number of radiology tests ordered per month. … Results of tests ordered by the practice and forwarded by other practices were ‘pushed’. … Claims for laboratory tests were defined as claims in BETOS category 4 (tests), subcategories T1A–T1H … Claims for radiology tests were defined as all claims in BETOS category 3 (imaging).

32. Implementation and Evaluation of an Automated Email Notification System for Results of Tests Pending at Discharge - Final Report (pdf file)
    digital.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/publication/r21hs018229-dalal-final-report-2012.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - Implementation and Evaluation of an Automated Email Notification System for Results of Tests Pending … ; 27% are radiology tests; and 42% are microbiology tests. … Some tests from this hospitalization were still pending at the time of discharge. … We have listed below 1) tests whose results have been finalized after discharge, and 2) tests whose … Might be more worthwhile for blood tests if it was only for abnormal results.”

33. Health Information Exchange and Ambulatory Test Utilization | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/ahrq-funded-projects/health-information-exchange-and-ambulatory-test-utilization
    January 01, 2023 - are expected to reduce health care costs, partially by reducing redundant laboratory and radiology tests … Research suggests that when institutions implement electronic medical records (EHRs), the utilization of tests … is substantially reduced because clinicians who have ready access to the results of prior tests are … less likely to repeat those tests.

34. An Automatic Notification System for Test Results Finalized after Discharge - 2010 | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/ahrq-funded-projects/automatic-notification-system-test-results-finalized-after-discharge/annual-summary/2010
    January 01, 2010 - In the first phase of this study, components of the system were developed to: 1) identify laboratory tests … and e-mail addresses of appropriate inpatient and ambulatory providers; 3) exclude routinely-ordered tests … Participating physicians’ patients who were discharged from these services and had tests pending during … pilot period in which e-mail notifications were suppressed, the system automatically identified 2,992 tests … The higher amount is likely due to additional tests being incorporated from issues related to the discharge

35. Dalal, Anuj K. | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/principal-investigator/dalal-anuj-k
    September 26, 2019 - Lost in transition: discrepancies in how physicians perceive the actionability of the results of tests … Lost in transition: discrepancies in how physicians perceive the actionability of the results of tests … Impact of an automated email notification system for results of tests pending at discharge: a cluster-randomized … Impact of an automated email notification system for results of tests pending at discharge: a cluster-randomized

36. Computer predictions of abnormal test results. Effects on outpatient testing | AHRQ Digital Healthcare Research: Informing Improvement in Care Quality, Safety, and Efficiency
    digital.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/health-it-costs-and-benefits-database/computer-predictions-abnormal
    February 26, 1988 - used to present predictions of the likelihood of an abnormality on eight commonly ordered diagnostic tests … Purpose of Study:  Decrease use of laboratory tests Years of study:  1984-1985 Study Design:  RCT Outcomes … Intervention:  At the time of this study, ordering for all lab tests had to be entered into computer

37. Health Information Exchange and Ambulatory Test Utilization - 2012 | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/ahrq-funded-projects/hie-and-ambulatory-test-utilization/annual-summary/2012
    January 01, 2012 - If physicians can easily access the results of tests that have already been performed, they are less … Rates and costs of tests were the outcome variables, and adoption over time from 2005 to 2010 was the … The rate of testing per provider was expressed as tests per 1,000 patients per quarter. … such as the possibility that HIE adoption might be associated with fewer but more expensive laboratory tests

38. Use of Web-based Health Information – for Patient Practice Portal Non-Users (pdf file)
    digital.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/survey/use-web-based-health-information-patient-practice-portal-non-users.pdf
    March 05, 2021 - Exercise more �Quit smoking � Make sure I take my medications as prescribed � Make sure I get all the tests … and calories �Track your exercise �Remind you when to take prescriptions �Remind you when you need tests … medicines, immunizations, and other information in one place �Looking at the results of your lab tests … or other tests �Seeing your doctor’s instructions for taking care of your health �Getting a reminder … managing your information in one place Looking at the results of your lab and other tests

39. Improving Quality through Health Information Technology : Testing the Feasibility and Assessing the Impact of Using Existing Health Information Technology Infrastructure for Better Care Delivery - 2009 | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/ahrq-funded-projects/improving-quality-through-health-information-technology-testing-feasibility-and/annual-summary/2009
    January 01, 2009 - examines how health IT tools can improve compliance, efficiency, and quality of care by reducing duplicate tests … and improve both the efficiency and quality of care by reducing the numbers of duplicate laboratory tests … Implementation of the EHR had limited measurable short-term impact on laboratory followup and duplicate tests … The rate of duplicate viral load tests for HIV at each center was low both pre- and post-implementation … post-implementation was evident on several measures, including CD4, lipid profile, and liver function tests

40. An Automatic Notification System for Test Results Finalized After Discharge (pdf file)
    digital.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/activity/an_automatic_notification_system_for_test_results_finalized_after_discharge_2010_pdf__2.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - In the first phase of this study, components of the system were developed to: 1) identify laboratory tests … and e-mail addresses of appropriate inpatient and ambulatory providers; 3) exclude routinely-ordered tests … Participating physicians’ patients who were discharged from these services and had tests pending during … pilot period in which e-mail notifications were suppressed, the system automatically identified 2,992 tests … The higher amount is likely due to additional tests being incorporated from issues related to the discharge