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121. Hi Les, (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rtc-design-principles_research.pdf
     January 01, 2009 - Critical steps in the pathway between testing and patient outcomes, such as differences in test accuracy … These RCTs should have long-term followup to capture all immediate and downstream consequences of testing … It may involve no prior testing if the new test is intended for primary screening or for monitoring … Other pathways It is possible that the availability of D-dimer lowers the threshold for testing in … Additional patient outcomes and pathways in evaluations of testing.

122. Key Question Tumor Cell-free DNA for Cancer Screening (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-key-question.pdf
     September 18, 2023 - than 50 different cancers, most of which currently have no recommended screening methods.7 Genomic testing … accuracy, sensitivity, specificity), harms (e.g., false positives/negatives, additional post-screening testing … Noninvasive prenatal testing and detection of maternal cancer. Jama. 2015;314(2):131-3. 5. … Payer Coverage Policies of Tumor Biomarker and Pharmacogenomic Testing.

123. Data Points #20: Echocardiography Trends | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/echocardiography/research
     May 13, 2014 - The criteria vary by previous service and clinical indication, but in general echocardiography testing … The presence of testing equipment for echocardiography in primary care offices has been hypothesized … still unclear - in the case of stress echocardiography, the relationship between the office location of testing … material and increased cost of care after testing is modest.

124. Brooks_ECCS2012 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/brooks_eccs2012.pdf
     January 01, 2012 - Slide 13: Patient Decision Aid Image of Testing for Prostate Cancer: “Should  I be tested? … men. • There are  tests  to  find it early. • We don’t  yet  know  if the benefits of testing …  outweigh the risks. • Men  should learn  about  prostate cancer and testing,  then  decide … if testing  is the right  choice for them.

125. Work Plan for Methods Research on (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/study-design-classification_research.pdf
     December 01, 2010 - from the 30 studies used for the first round of testing. … The same analyses were conducted for the second round of testing. … Pilot testing the tool in the context of each review is highly recommended. … The same analyses were conducted for the second round of testing. … We made minor revisions following the final round of testing that merit further testing.

126. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/procalcitonin_research-protocol.pdf
     September 08, 2011 - Direct evidence of the impact of testing on health outcomes is shown by link A (morbidity, function … , quality of life and/or mortality) and link G (adverse events of testing). … An early link in an indirect chain of evidence concerns the diagnostic accuracy of testing (B). … HER2 Testing to Manage Patients With Breast Cancer or Other Solid Tumors. … The harms of the testing procedure itself would relate to venipuncture. II.

127. Test-Performance-Metrics Appendixes (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/test-performance-metrics_appendixes.pdf
     January 01, 2005 - Sensitivity and Specificity Sensitivity, also known as the true positive rate, is the probability of testing … Specificity, or true negative rate, is the probability of testing negative for non-diseased patients

128. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol - Management of Infantile Epilepsies (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-252-infantile-epilepsies-disposition-comments.pdf
     October 25, 2022 - Since the report did not contain a Key Question or Contextual Question about genetic testing, it would … We did look through our database and identified some studies of genetic testing and genome sequencing … We did look through our database and identified some studies of genetic testing and genome sequencing … We did look through our database and identified some studies of genetic testing and genome sequencing … Thank you for this comment, AHRQ may consider genetic testing for future reports.

129. Prostate-Cancer-Test Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-test_executive.pdf
     April 01, 2013 - 1 Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 98 PCA3 Testing for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate … subjects/populations (at-risk men or men with a positive biopsy); (3) study interventions (biomarker testing … KQ 3: Testing PCA3 and Comparators To Identify Men With Insignificant Cancer Who May Benefit From Active … Screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen testing: American Society of Clinical … PCA3 Testing for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer.

130. Infectious Disease Including HIV/AIDS #09 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/infectious-disease-horizon-scan-high-impact-1412.pdf
     December 22, 2014 - Standard basic testing for TB costs about $40, and drug susceptibility testing can add another $102 … As for susceptibility testing, compared with conventional culture-based susceptibility testing, the … Xpert MTB/RIF point-of- care testing had similar sensitivity to laboratory-based Xpert MTB/RIF testing … Xpert MTB/RIF into a TB diagnostic algorithm, TB testing without molecular testing was calculated … When all health-system costs were considered, TB testing without molecular testing was most costly

131. Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Current State of the Evidence | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/celiac-disease/clinician
     July 26, 2016 - Alternatively, IgG tests may be combined with tTG IgA during initial testing in high-likelihood individuals … For children younger than 2 years, the ACG guidelines recommend initial testing with tTG IgA, DGP IgA … Testing for the presence of HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 has excellent sensitivity and negative predictive … Testing algorithms All algorithms studied used tTG tests. … Based on 1 previous systematic review, EmA IgA testing has a sensitivity of 90 percent (95% confidence

132. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0404_01-14-2011.pdf
     January 01, 2011 - Intervention(s): Newer drugs (inhaled treprostinil and ambrisentan); combination therapies; use of testing … antagonists, prostanoids, endothelin antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors); monotherapy; no use of testing … What are the optimal testing strategies and modalities (vasoreactivity, biomarker) for guiding the diagnosis

133. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 6 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-applicability_methods.pdf
     July 01, 2012 - In trials is comparator no testing vs. usual care with ad hoc testing. … Bone density testing reported in relation to fracture risk reduction without consideration of prior … Order of testing varies across subjects and was not randomly assigned. … The literature included many studies that did not use gold standards or testing of normals and many … For example, we could not estimate clinical usefulness of HPV testing among older women from trends

134. Vascular Diseases | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/vascular-diseases
     August 16, 2010 - Tratamiento del hemangioma infantil en niños Consumer Summary Archived March 16, 2017 Testing … Cardiovascular Disease - Update Research Protocol Archived April 2, 2015 Noninvasive Testing … Coronary Artery Disease Systematic Review Archived March 29, 2016 Noninvasive Testing

135. Disposition of Comments for CER 162 Diagnosis of Celiac Disease (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/celiac-disease_disposition-comments.pdf
     January 28, 2016 - This is the inverse of the KQ4, the adverse effects of testing. … Would have liked more discussion about testing in the less than 3 yr old. … The reader may be under the impression that this test is on par with TTG testing. … —that do compare the performance of testing and the accuracy in standardized serum samples. … In addition, there are several studies that have examined variation between labs and in testing.

136. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0488_12-27-2011.pdf
     January 01, 2011 - primarily adults) at high risk for pancreatic cancer (with signs or symptoms of the disease requiring testing … index.cfm/join-the-email-list1/ Topic Number: 0407 Document Completion Date: 02-14-12 2 invasive testing … (e.g., biopsies and surgery), unnecessary treatment (e.g., surgery), unnecessary further testing, and

137. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Clinical Utility in Asthma Management | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/asthma-nitric-oxide/research-protocol
     September 12, 2016 - the diagnosis of asthma is challenging, given their inability to participate in the usual diagnostic testing … In children ages 0-4 years with recurrent wheezing, how accurate is FeNO testing in predicting the future … Comparators KQ 1a: Standard diagnostic testing of asthma made by healthcare providers based on history … Use of bronchodilators prior to FeNO testing Whether appropriate testing protocol was followed ( … We will iteratively continue testing the form until no additional items or unresolved questions exist

138. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Clinical Utility in Asthma Management (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-nitric-oxide_research-protocol.pdf
     September 06, 2016 - the diagnosis of asthma is challenging, given their inability to participate in the usual diagnostic testing … Comparators KQ 1.a: Standard diagnostic testing of asthma made by healthcare providers based on history … the available tests (Blood eosinophils, induced sputum, bronchalveolar lavage, allergy tests (skin testing … • Use of bronchodilators prior to FeNO testing • Whether appropriate testing protocol was followed … We will iteratively continue testing the form until no additional items or unresolved questions exist

139. Evidence-Summary-Cer-197-Fractional-Exhaled-Nitric-Oxide (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/evidence-summary-cer-197-fractional-exhaled-nitric-oxide.pdf
     December 01, 2017 - Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) testing has been suggested as a diagnostic test for asthma. … years) and children (ages of 5-18 years), using asthma management algorithms that incorporate FeNO testing … • FeNO testing can identify patients who are more likely to respond to inhaled corticosteroids (SOE … In children ages 0-4 years with recurrent wheezing, how accurate is FeNO testing in predicting the … Key Points • It is unclear whether FeNO testing in children at ages 0-4 years with symptoms suggestive

140. Developing and Testing a Framework for Cancer Quality Measures for End-of-Life Care | Effective Health Care Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/cancer-end-of-life-measures-framework
     May 13, 2010 - Developing and Testing a Framework for Cancer Quality Measures for End-of-Life Care Timeline