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441. Archived: Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Estimating Certainty and Magnitude of Net Benefit: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening, December 2007 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/update-on-the-methods-of-the-us-preventive-services-task-force-estimating-certainty-and-magnitude-of-net-bene%EF%AC%81t/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-december-2007
     December 15, 2007 - latter, RCTs of screening take into account the false-positive and false-negative rates of the screening test … , the possibility of adverse events from the test, the accuracy and potential for adverse events of any … subsequent confirmatory diagnostic tests, and the inevitable failure to follow through on the test or … For example, some patients with a positive screening test for carotid artery stenosis will undergo carotid … If the test is falsely positive and the patient does not have confirmatory angiography, he or she may

442. Archived: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-screening-2008
     March 15, 2008 - cough, increased sputum production, wheezing, or dyspnea, spirometry would be indicated as a diagnostic test … cough, increased sputum production, wheezing, or dyspnea, spirometry would be indicated as a diagnostic test … Accuracy of Screening Tests Because spirometry is used as a confirmatory test as well as a screening … test for COPD, no gold standard exists for comparison to provide precise estimates of sensitivity and

443. Archived: Hepatitis C: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-c-screening-2013
     June 15, 2013 - Given the accuracy of the screening test and the availability of effective interventions for HCV infection … explanation of HCV infection, how it can (and cannot) be acquired, the meaning of positive and negative test … An estimated 78% of persons who test positive for the anti-HCV antibody have detectable levels of HCV … Sensitivity and specificity varied depending on the cutoff used to define a positive test result. … potential harms of screening, there are harms related to the diagnostic evaluation of patients who test

444. Archived: Lung Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - performing chest x-rays on asymptomatic persons. 8 , 9 Sputum cytology is an even less effective screening test

445. Archived: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening, December 2007 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-december-2007
     December 15, 2007 - The most feasible screening test for severe CAS (for example, 60% to 99% stenosis) is duplex ultrasonography … Good evidence indicates that this test has moderate sensitivity and specificity and yields many false-positive … Given these facts, some people with false-positive test results may receive unnecessary invasive carotid … the USPSTF reviewed the evidence for screening for bruits on physical examination and found that the test

446. Archived: Final Research Plan: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-interventions-2018
     October 22, 2015 - Efficacy Scale Function measures (e.g., Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment, Timed Get Up & Go Test … , 6-meter timed walk, Functional Reach Test, and Berg Balance Scale) KQ 2: Minor adverse events

447. Recommendation: Prevention of Acquisition of HIV: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis
     August 22, 2023 - certainty that a partner’s viral load is suppressed (eg, self-report vs availability of laboratory test … All persons being considered for PrEP must have a recently documented negative HIV antigen-antibody test … and 0.84 [95% CI, 0.80-0.89]). 33 , 34 One study focused on cisgender women who had a positive HIV test … The study of cisgender women focused only on persons with a new positive HIV test result; thus, only … sensitivity but no other measures of test accuracy could be calculated.

448. Screening Women for Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review to Update teh 2004 USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MjwZ4vRLZDVUSnfMA6SrDo
     June 01, 2012 - Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:889-97. … is positive For LRs, if results are �1, test results are related to the condition. … The AUC provides an estimate of the discriminatory accuracy of the test. … If results range between 0.50 and 0.70, the test has moderate accuracy. … If results are �0.70, the test may be useful clinically.

449. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ffNDS7ekxovstoCxxtLJVt
     February 13, 2018 - The most commonly used test is central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine … Screening Tests The most commonly used bone measurement test used to screen for osteoporosis is central … Characteristics of the Most Common Bone Measurement Screening Tests for Osteoporosis Screening Test … Description Other Considerations Central DXA Most commonly studied and used bone measurement test to … results, which can lead to un- necessary treatment, and false-negative test results.

450. Fdqhj57Mmfqognvjn Qg9Q (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/fdQHJ57mMFqognVJn_qg9q
     May 23, 2019 - The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is the most studied screening tool for detecting … cism, Guilty about drinking, and need for an Eye-opener in the morning) is the most popular screening test … Develop- ment of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collab- orative Project on

451. Screening for Rh (D) Incompatibility - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/AoSMttkvyssBywB_Uo-omz
     November 01, 2004 - intervention with Rh (D) immunoglobulin, as appropriate, provides additional benefit over a single test

452. Archived: Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
     November 05, 2015 - Fractures, fracture-related morbidity and mortality, or all-cause mortality KQs 2, 3: Screening test

453. Recommendation: Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening
     December 15, 2020 - adults at increased risk using hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) tests followed by a confirmatory test … Interpretation of Hepatitis B Serologic Test … performed with HBsAg tests approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, followed by a confirmatory test … (See the Additional Tools and Resources section for serologic test interpretation.) … https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/hcp/diagnosis-testing/#cdc_hcp_diagnosis_interpreting-how-to-interpret-test-results

454. Let’s Talk About It: Preventing HIV with PrEP (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/hiv-prep-prevention-discussion-guide.pdf
     August 22, 2023 - people who take PrEP should continue practicing safer sex behaviors, such as condom use, and regularly test

455. Recommendation: Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Assessment With Nontraditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cardiovascular-disease-screening-using-nontraditional-risk-assessment
     July 10, 2018 - peripheral artery disease. hsCRP is a serum protein involved in inflammatory and immune responses; the test … inadequate evidence to assess whether treatment decisions guided by ABI, hsCRP level, or CAC score test … Harms can include abnormal test results, inappropriate risk reclassification, and incidental findings … Abnormal test results may lead to further testing, procedures, and lifelong medication use without proof … Testing for hsCRP level involves a single blood sample, and the test is widely available.

456. Final Research Plan: Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening
     November 14, 2019 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print Final Research Plan Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening November 14, 2019 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should no…

457. Evidence Summary: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/impaired-visual-acuity-screening-older-adults
     May 24, 2022 - reference standard in all patients, interpretation of the reference standard not independent from screening test … results, and thresholds for a positive screening test result not prespecified (eTable 5 in the JAMA … screening had methodological limitations, including high attrition and use of a suboptimal screening test … Precise All studies rated fair quality Variability in screening tests and testing thresholds; test

458. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review48/hepatitis-b-in-pregnant-women-screening-2009
     June 15, 2009 - Potential harms of screening for HBV infection in pregnant women include false-positive test results, … studies that described false-positive screening rates or downstream events associated with false-positive test … important to note that the benefits of screening rest on the timely and accurate transfer of maternal test

459. Evidence Summary: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/syphilis-infection-nonpregnant-adults-adolescents-screening
     September 27, 2022 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print Evidence Summary Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Screening September 27, 2022 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. governmen…

460. Archived: Final Research Plan: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan21/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening-september-2014
     June 15, 2013 - Include Exclude Definition of Disease Positive for chlamydia or gonorrhea on any test