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201. Archived: Evidence Summary: Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1-5: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/visual-impairment-in-children-ages-1-5-screening-2004
     May 13, 2004 - Any child failing an acuity test or cover test was referred to the hospital eye service. … The cover test and visual acuity test were always more than 99-percent specific, but had poor sensitivity … The cover test, with either photorefraction or acuity testing at 37 months, provided the best sensitivity … (25, 31 mos); for ocular alignment: cover test (all screenings); for stereopsis: Lang tests 1 & 2 (18 … , 25, 31 mos); Frisby test: (12, 18, 25, 31 mos); for motor fusion: 20 Dioptre base-out test (all screenings

202. Archived: Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-b-in-pregnant-women-screening
     June 15, 2009 - Refer women who test positive for counseling and medical management.  … Implementation Establish systems for timely transfer of maternal HBsAg test results to the labor … performed in each pregnancy, regardless of previous hepatitis B vaccination or previous negative HBsAg test … Timing of Screening A test for HBsAg should be ordered at the first prenatal visit with other recommended … Pregnant women who test positive for HBsAg should be referred to an appropriate case-management program

203. Archived: Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-b-in-pregnant-women-screening-2009
     June 15, 2009 - Refer women who test positive for counseling and medical management.  … Implementation Establish systems for timely transfer of maternal HBsAg test results to the labor … performed in each pregnancy, regardless of previous hepatitis B vaccination or previous negative HBsAg test … Timing of Screening A test for HBsAg should be ordered at the first prenatal visit with other recommended … Pregnant women who test positive for HBsAg should be referred to an appropriate case-management program

204. Archived: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bladder-cancer-adults-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - bladder, 1 renal, and 6 prostate). 18 Britton recruited 3,152 male outpatients over 60 years old to test … Even among older high-risk populations, the predictive value of a positive screening test is low (5-8% … Evaluation of the Chemstrip 9 as a screening test for urinalysis and urine culture in men. … Dipstick chemical urinalysis: an accurate cost-effective screening test. … Isolated asymptomatic microhematuria: a cross-sectional analysis of test-positive and test-negative patients

205. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/9Tse2TwVFQgYb-aNCq4Ngv
     September 04, 2018 - common (46.5%-88.2%), therefore warranting reflexive (automatic confirmatory) testing for all positive test … of congenital syphilis, and available evidence supports the need for reflexive testing for positive test … A nontreponemal test was used to screen for syphilis, with reflex to treponemal testing if the test result … This study found no false-negatives for any test. … - ing to investigate initial positive EIA/CIA test results in reverse sequence screening (Table 2).

206. Evidence Summary: Gynecological Conditions: Periodic Screening With the Pelvic Examination | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/gynecological-conditions-screening-with-the-pelvic-examination
     March 07, 2017 - as bimanual and speculum examination, 27 while the other 2 defined the index test only as a "pelvic … A positive index test finding was a palpable pelvic or adnexal mass of any size. … The reference test for identifying trichomoniasis was culture. … Screening for preclinical disease: test and disease characteristics. … A systematic review of the bimanual examination as a test for ovarian cancer.

207. Archived: Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1-5: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/visual-impairment-in-children-ages-1-5-screening-2011
     January 15, 2011 - Stereoacuity test Cover-uncover test Hirschberg light reflex test Autorefraction Photoscreening … light reflex test (for ocular alignment/strabismus), as well as the use of autorefractors (automated … (Precision Vision, Inc, La Salle, IL), the HOTV visual acuity test (Precision Vision, Inc, La Salle, … Four studies found that testability rates were lower for most screening tests (Random Dot E test, Lea … symbols test, and SureSight autorefractor [Welch Allyn, Inc, Skaneateles Falls, NY]) for children 1

208. Evidence Summary: Hypertension in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hypertension-in-adults-screening
     April 27, 2021 - For KQs 2 and 3 (test accuracy), test accuracy studies comparing an initial office blood pressure measurement … Test Accuracy Key Question 2. … , and conduct of the reference test. … What screening protocol characteristics define the best test accuracy? … What confirmation protocol characteristics define the best test accuracy?

209. Screening for Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/y2VJgthYXZY9kzYZmddvaa
     November 01, 2014 - Whether someone is considered vitamin D deficient or not can change depending on which test is used or … which laboratory performs the test. … Because of the uncertainties about how to define vitamin D deficiency with a blood test and about the … accuracy of current screening tests, performing the screening test may suggest that some people are … screening Performing a test to determine whether someone who does not have any signs or symptoms,

210. Screening for Preeclampsia US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Y5p8ZXy2ydg_VZMUfxbJ-6
     April 25, 2017 - The USPSTF found adequate evidence that testing for protein in the urine with a dipstick test has low … , albumin to creatinine ratio urine test, urine protein dipstick test, and 24-hour urine protein test … Although the 24-hour urine protein test is the gold standard, it is not practical for use in primary … creatinine ratio urine test, and 4 studies as- sessed the urine protein dipstick test. … Some comments requested elaboration on the urine protein dipstick test.

211. Final Research Plan: Genital Herpes Infection: Serologic Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/genital-herpes-screening
     August 06, 2015 - Expand All Analytic Framework *Studies that screen using an HSV-2 serologic test … alone or a “paired” (HSV-1 and HSV-2) serologic test will be included if they meet other eligibility … criteria; however, only the accuracy of test characteristics related to HSV-2 serological tests will … discord, or distress or anxiety around the meaning of HSV-1 results when screening involves a “paired test … ‡ Studies that test for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 (simultaneously) will not be excluded if they meet the

212. Archived: Final Research Plan: Genital Herpes Infection: Serologic Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/genital-herpes-screening-november-2016
     August 06, 2015 - alone or a “paired” (HSV-1 and HSV-2) serologic test will be included if they meet other eligibility … criteria; however, only the accuracy of test characteristics related to HSV-2 serological tests will … discord, or distress or anxiety around the meaning of HSV-1 results when screening involves a “paired test … ‡ Studies that test for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 (simultaneously) will not be excluded if they meet the … other eligibility criteria; however, only the accuracy of test characteristics related to HSV-2 serologic

213. Liquid-Based Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Testing to Screen for Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_9KLmyQyMnoE3agQJsgNE-
     November 01, 2011 - (HPV plus cytology), but its effect on screening test performance remains uncertain (2). … A fourth test, Amplicor HPV (Roche Diagnostics), is awaiting FDA approval (6). … test reliability, other quality control issues, and cost (66). … Evaluation of a new DNA test for detection of carcinogenic human papillomavirus. … ThinPrep Pap Test Quick Reference Guide: Endocervical Brush/ Spatula Protocol.

214. Draft Research Plan: Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening-adults
     October 25, 2018 - physical activity), or physical fitness/muscle strength measures (e.g., grip strength, timed up and go test … , distance walked test, step test, balance test) KQs 2, 4: None Timing KQ 1: Outcomes

215. Archived: Ovarian Cancer: Screening, May 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/ovarian-cancer-screening-2004
     May 04, 2004 - prevalence of ovarian cancer and the invasive nature of diagnostic testing after a positive screening test … The great majority of women with a positive screening test will not have ovarian cancer (i.e., they will … 2 percent (i.e., 98 percent of women with positive test results will not have ovarian cancer). … The positive predictive value of an initially positive screening test would be more favorable for women … whether adding color Doppler imaging to ultrasound screening can reduce the rate of false-positive test

216. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NLdjpD96K5VS8o3CSU_s2X
     March 01, 2020 - Adults with a positive screening test result are usually followed up with a diagnostic evaluation using … patients about HCV infection, how it can (and cannot) be acquired, the meaning of positive and negative test

217. Screening for HIV: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KWfaboZAt9KKoDMQbLvbbt
     June 20, 2019 - Since false-positive test results are rare, harms associated with HIV screening are minimal. … Potential harms of true-positive test results include increased anxiety, labeling, and effects on close … Persons who request an HIV test despite reporting no individual risk factors may also be considered at … The standard test for diagnosing HIV infection, the repeatedly reactive enzyme immunoassay followed by … False-positive HIV-1 test results in a low-risk screening setting of voluntary blood donation.

218. Screening for Colorectal Cancer (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4Y3fahSbgS2CJaj9HmJTYe
     November 23, 2020 - available, and patients should talk to their doctors about the pros and cons of each to determine which test … These test the person’s stool for signs of colorectal cancer. … Harms from screening vary by test and can include more mild harms, such as inconvenience from preparing … Clinicians and patients should consider the pros and cons of the various test options to decide which

219. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommends Screening Most Adult Women for Cervical Cancer (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/cervical-cancer-bulletin.pdf
     October 09, 2017 - cancer in women ages 21 to 29 every three years with cervical cytology, more commonly known as the Pap test … effectiveness of different screening tests and intervals based on age, and found that after age 30, the Pap test … “Women ages 30 to 65, therefore, have a choice between the Pap test every three years or hrHPV test

220. Clinical Summary: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/y3mQMyN2Y8mxKvPPXjM6kV
     August 13, 2019 - willing to see a health professional who is suitably trained to provide genetic counseling and interpret test … results, and when test results will aid in decision making.