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1. Test-Performance-Metrics Appendixes (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/test-performance-metrics_appendixes.pdf
   January 01, 2005 - A-1 Appendix: Test Performance Metrics The basic definitions of test performance are based upon … It expresses the ability of a medical test to maximize true positives. … It expresses the ability of a test to minimize false positives. … If the threshold (cutpoint) for test positive is set higher—say when the test provides a continuously … How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B.

2. Prostate-Cancer-Test Executive (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-test_executive.pdf
   April 01, 2013 - 11 Also, issues such as who to test, when to test and retest, and the most effective clinical tPSA … The intended use of the test is to inform decisionmaking about repeat biopsy. … An AUC of 1.0 indicates a perfect test, and an AUC of 0.5 indicates a worthless test. 4 matching … was preserved by computing differences between PCA3 test results and comparator test results within … The effect of even a great test is limited if uptake is low.

3. Prostate-Cancer-Test Research-Protocol (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-test_research-protocol.pdf
   October 14, 2011 - Was the reference standard independent of the index test (i.e., the index test did not form part of … Was the execution of the index test described in sufficient detail to permit replication of the test … when the test is used in practice? … For the pooled results, was a test done to assess homogeneity (i.e., Chi-squared test, I2)? … but decrease test specificity.

4. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-bias_methods.pdf
   July 01, 2012 - in Medical Test Studies P. … Variation in test technology When the characteristics of a medical test change over time as a result … of an index test. … the sensitivity and specificity of the test may lead to over-optimistic measures of test performance … Risk: Low/High/Unclear Domain 2: Index Test(s) (complete for each index test used) Were the index

5. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-metaanalysis_methods.pdf
   July 01, 2012 - Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews 8-1 Chapter 8 Meta-Analysis of Test Performance When … Introduction The Methods Guide to Medical Test Reviews (also referred to as the Medical Test Methods … This chapter of the Medical Test Methods Guide focuses on choosing strategies for meta- analysis of test … questions driving the evidence synthesis (e.g., “Is this test alone or in combination with a test-and-treat … medical test evidence focuses on summarizing test performance data; thus their meta-analysis was chosen

6. Appendix: Test Performance Metrics | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/test-performance-metrics/appendixes

7. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews - Editorial (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guide-editorial_methods.pdf
   July 01, 2012 - Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews - Editorial E-1 Editorial Methods Guide for Authors of … The most common outcome in an evaluation of this test is the accuracy of the test in identifying clinically … Clinicians, while interested in this proxy outcome, would find more value in the ability of the test … Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Working Group. Handbook for DTA reviews. … Editorial printed in Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (AHRQ Publication No. 12-EHC017).

8. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 1 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-introduction_methods.pdf
   July 01, 2012 - Guide for Medical Test Reviews David B. … This Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (referred to hereafter as the Medical Test Methods Guide … Development of the Medical Test Methods Guide In developing this Medical Test Methods Guide, we sought … Indeed, test performance characteristics have been treated as sufficient criteria of test value (i.e … category Diagnostic accuracy efficacy Clinical validity Test accuracy Test performance Performance

9. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 7 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-grading_methods.pdf
   July 01, 2012 - (e.g., test versus no test) with clinical outcomes as the study endpoint, the reader is referred to … Common Challenges Diagnostic test studies commonly focus on the accuracy of the test in making a disease … Of note, directness does apply to how a test is used in comparison to another test. … evaluated is not the exact test used in practice, or if the test accuracy is being calculated in a … Assessing risk of bias as a domain of quality in medical test studies.

10. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 6 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-applicability_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Test Studies in Systematic Reviews Katherine E. … test (i.e., as a replacement), but in reality the test is proposed to be used as a triage test to guide … Exclude a priori if test results cannot be mapped to disease status (i.e., 2x2 or other test performance … Placement of test in the sequence of care (e.g. relationship of test to treatment or follow-on management … Routine Preventive Care Over Time Routine use of a medical test as a screening test might be considered

11. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 10 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-decision-models_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Instead, one should compare complete test-and-treat strategies (for which test performance is but a … Define how the test will be used. … (test-and-treat strategy) based on considerations of test characteristics alone. … However, in other cases, harms can be induced both by the treatment and the test (e.g., if the test is … clinical utility of a test.

12. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 3 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-outcomes_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Test Diagnostic Test Prognostic Test Clinical management + +++ +++ Direct health effects + ++ ++ … , a diagnostic test, and a prognostic test. … Costs of the test. … Direct test effects. The test under consideration is a radiographic test. … Costs of the test.

13. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 4 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-search_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 4 4-1 Chapter 4 Effective Search Strategies for … Although I have written this chapter of the Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (also referred to … as the Medical Test Methods Guide) as guidance for Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs), I hope it … of the relevant test strategies under consideration. … Chapter 4 of Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (AHRQ Publication No. 12-EHC017).

14. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 11 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-genetic_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - is the intended use of the test result that determines whether it is a diagnostic or predictive test … of a genetic test result. … , including a predictive genetic test. … Is the test qualitative or quantitative? 9. … How reproducible is the test over time?

15. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 2 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-topics_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - pathways, technical details of the test, characteristics of clinicians or operators using the test, … and logically flow from a test strategy. … as the old test and the new test has advantages over the old test such as causing fewer adverse effects … those identified by the older test? … the old test and the new test has advantages over the old test such as having fewer adverse effects

16. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 9 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-performance_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - performance compares the results of an index test with a reference test. … Perhaps the simplest case of test performance evaluation includes an “index test” and a reference test … Reference Test (-) Index Test (+) Index Test (-) We now have five unknowns: the sensitivity … One explores how well one test agrees with the other test(s), and perhaps asks if one test can be used … Comparison of a screening test and a reference test in epidemiologic studies. II.

17. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 12 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-prognostic_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - A diagnostic test is used to help determine whether a patient has a disease at the time the test is … Therefore, the “reference test” for a prognostic test is the observed proportion of the population who … Much as for a diagnostic test, a systematic review of a prognostic test could then assess the accuracy … Was the test used and interpreted the same way by all sites/studies including any interdeterminate test … Grouped Mortality Probabilities Estimated by the First Prognostic Test + a New Prognostic Test

18. Prognostic Tests (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-prognostic.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Methods guide for medical test reviews. … Methods guide for medical test reviews. … by the test. … Like a diagnostic test, a systematic review could then assess the accuracy of the prognostic test by … Was the test used and interpreted the same way by all sites/studies, including any indeterminate test

19. Prognostic Tests (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-prognostic.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Methods guide for medical test reviews. … Methods guide for medical test reviews. … by the test. … Like a diagnostic test, a systematic review could then assess the accuracy of the prognostic test by … Was the test used and interpreted the same way by all sites/studies, including any indeterminate test

20. Meta-analysis of Test Performance Evidence When There is a “Gold Standard” Reference Standard (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-meta-analysis.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Methods guide for medical test reviews. … Available medical test data are usually focused on test performance or accuracy; therefore, meta-analyses … = proportion of test negatives among diseased/proportion of test negatives among healthy Diagnostic … Measures Used To Assess Test Performance (2 of 2) Here are a few more ways to assess test performance … effect, or when the time between symptom onset and the diagnostic test affects test performance.