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21. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/collections/methods-guidance-tests
    August 01, 2021 - Chapter 1: Introduction to the Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews. … Chapter 1: Introduction to the Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews . … Chapter 8: Meta-Analysis of Test Performance When There Is a "Gold Standard." … Chapter 8: Meta-analysis of test performance when there is a "gold standard." … Appendix: Test Performance Metrics. AHRQ Manuscript: Published 1 June 2012.

22. Chapter 7: Grading a Body of Evidence on Diagnostic Tests | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-grading/methods
    December 01, 2019 - (e.g., test versus no test) with clinical outcomes as the study endpoint, the reader is referred to … Common Challenges Diagnostic test studies commonly focus on the accuracy of the test in making a disease … Of note, directness does apply to how a test is used in comparison to another test. … evaluated is not the exact test used in practice, or if the test accuracy is being calculated in a population … Assessing risk of bias as a domain of quality in medical test studies.

23. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 3 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-outcomes_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Test Diagnostic Test Prognostic Test Clinical management + +++ +++ Direct health effects + ++ ++ … , a diagnostic test, and a prognostic test. … Costs of the test. … Direct test effects. The test under consideration is a radiographic test. … Costs of the test.

24. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-introduction_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Guide for Medical Test Reviews David B. … This Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (referred to hereafter as the Medical Test Methods Guide … Development of the Medical Test Methods Guide In developing this Medical Test Methods Guide, we sought … Indeed, test performance characteristics have been treated as sufficient criteria of test value (i.e … category Diagnostic accuracy efficacy Clinical validity Test accuracy Test performance Performance

25. Chapter 11: Challenges in and Principles for Conducting Systematic Reviews of Genetic Tests Used as Predictive Indicators | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-genetic/methods
    December 01, 2019 - is the intended use of the test result that determines whether it is a diagnostic or predictive test … of a genetic test result. … , including a predictive genetic test. … What DNA test(s) are associated with this disorder? … How reproducible is the test over time?

26. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 12 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-prognostic_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - A diagnostic test is used to help determine whether a patient has a disease at the time the test is … Therefore, the “reference test” for a prognostic test is the observed proportion of the population who … Much as for a diagnostic test, a systematic review of a prognostic test could then assess the accuracy … Was the test used and interpreted the same way by all sites/studies including any interdeterminate test … Grouped Mortality Probabilities Estimated by the First Prognostic Test + a New Prognostic Test

27. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 9 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-performance_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - performance compares the results of an index test with a reference test. … Perhaps the simplest case of test performance evaluation includes an “index test” and a reference test … Reference Test (-) Index Test (+) Index Test (-) We now have five unknowns: the sensitivity … One explores how well one test agrees with the other test(s), and perhaps asks if one test can be used … Comparison of a screening test and a reference test in epidemiologic studies. II.

28. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 2 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-topics_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - pathways, technical details of the test, characteristics of clinicians or operators using the test, … and logically flow from a test strategy. … as the old test and the new test has advantages over the old test such as causing fewer adverse effects … those identified by the older test? … the old test and the new test has advantages over the old test such as having fewer adverse effects

29. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 10 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-decision-models_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Instead, one should compare complete test-and-treat strategies (for which test performance is but a … Define how the test will be used. … (test-and-treat strategy) based on considerations of test characteristics alone. … However, in other cases, harms can be induced both by the treatment and the test (e.g., if the test is … clinical utility of a test.

30. Prognostic Tests (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-prognostic.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Methods guide for medical test reviews. … Methods guide for medical test reviews. … by the test. … Like a diagnostic test, a systematic review could then assess the accuracy of the prognostic test by … Was the test used and interpreted the same way by all sites/studies, including any indeterminate test

31. Prognostic Tests (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-prognostic.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Methods guide for medical test reviews. … Methods guide for medical test reviews. … by the test. … Like a diagnostic test, a systematic review could then assess the accuracy of the prognostic test by … Was the test used and interpreted the same way by all sites/studies, including any indeterminate test

32. PCA3 Testing for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-test/research
    December 01, 2019 - Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria and the AHRQ “Methods Guide for Medical Test … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-test/research  

33. Additional Patient Outcomes and Alternative Pathways in Evaluations of Testing | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/outcomes-testing-evaluation/research
    January 01, 2019 - If so, they should be incorporated into test evaluation. … test results are all connected and can lead to changes in patients’ behavior. … or enable them to revise future life plans in light of their test results. … t of the test on health outcomes. … are clear for those who test positive and the downsides of treatment are known for those who test negative

34. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 6 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-applicability_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Test Studies in Systematic Reviews Katherine E. … test (i.e., as a replacement), but in reality the test is proposed to be used as a triage test to guide … Exclude a priori if test results cannot be mapped to disease status (i.e., 2x2 or other test performance … Placement of test in the sequence of care (e.g. relationship of test to treatment or follow-on management … Routine Preventive Care Over Time Routine use of a medical test as a screening test might be considered

35. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 7 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-grading_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - (e.g., test versus no test) with clinical outcomes as the study endpoint, the reader is referred to … Common Challenges Diagnostic test studies commonly focus on the accuracy of the test in making a disease … Of note, directness does apply to how a test is used in comparison to another test. … evaluated is not the exact test used in practice, or if the test accuracy is being calculated in a … Assessing risk of bias as a domain of quality in medical test studies.

36. Diagnosis of Right Lower Quadrant Pain and Suspected Acute Appendicitis | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/appendicitis/research
    December 01, 2019 - The test performance and impact on outcomes of alternative diagnostic strategies are unclear. … We performed Bayesian meta-analyses to estimate summary test performance using random-effects models; … too heterogeneous to support definitive conclusions; therefore, most of our results pertain to the test … Information on diagnostic test performance among the elderly was limited. … strategies on the same population are few and have evaluated different test comparisons.

37. PCA3 Testing for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-test/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - Was the reference standard independent of the index test (i.e., the index test did not form part of the … Was the execution of the index test described in sufficient detail to permit replication of the test? … the test is used in practice? … For the pooled results, was a test done to assess homogeneity (i.e., Chi-squared test, I 2 )? … but decrease test specificity.

38. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 11 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-genetic_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - is the intended use of the test result that determines whether it is a diagnostic or predictive test … of a genetic test result. … , including a predictive genetic test. … Is the test qualitative or quantitative? 9. … How reproducible is the test over time?

39. Meta-analysis of Test Performance Evidence When There is a “Gold Standard” Reference Standard (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-meta-analysis.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Methods guide for medical test reviews. … Available medical test data are usually focused on test performance or accuracy; therefore, meta-analyses … = proportion of test negatives among diseased/proportion of test negatives among healthy Diagnostic … Measures Used To Assess Test Performance (2 of 2) Here are a few more ways to assess test performance … effect, or when the time between symptom onset and the diagnostic test affects test performance.

40. Meta-analysis of Test Performance Evidence When There is a “Gold Standard” Reference Standard (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-meta-analysis.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Methods guide for medical test reviews. … Available medical test data are usually focused on test performance or accuracy; therefore, meta-analyses … = proportion of test negatives among diseased/proportion of test negatives among healthy Diagnostic … Measures Used To Assess Test Performance (2 of 2) Here are a few more ways to assess test performance … effect, or when the time between symptom onset and the diagnostic test affects test performance.