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81. Evidence Summary: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
    September 03, 2019 - These included updated long-term results of the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I … than tamoxifen in the STAR head-to-head trial (RR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.05-1.47]; n = 19,747) after long-term … A total of 22 studies (54 articles) met inclusion criteria, including updated long-term results of the … However, no long-term follow-up data are available to determine whether harms demonstrated in treatment … ; 16 longer-term 5 Good NSABP-P1 Fisher et al, 46 1998 Fisher et al, 82 2005

82. Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/zYdjLaTCTBVUwgJTnzpVXr
    May 08, 2018 - About 1 in 5 men who undergo radical prostatectomy develop long-term urinary incontinence, and 2 in 3 … men will experience long-term erectile dysfunction. … of pads, and 2 in 3 men will experience long-term erectile dysfunction. … use of pads, and about 2 in 3 men experience long-term erectile dysfunction. … Longer-term fol- low-up studies may provide important additional information.

83. Archived: Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary2/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
    August 26, 2014 - Limitation: Sparse reporting of patient health outcomes, longer-term follow-up of outcomes, and harms … Outcome analyses were also stratified by length of follow-up after randomization (short term was less … than 12 months, intermediate term was 12 to 24 months, and long term was greater than 24 months). … However, we found more limited information about longer-term benefits. … In 2 instances, results were no longer statistically significant for short-term (less than 12 months)

84. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review46/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening-2004
    February 15, 2004 - general, high, risk, morbidity, mortality, liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, prevent as a truncated term … , Mele and colleagues found that HBV vaccine and HBIG are effective in providing immediate and long-term

85. 4Nuuvs6Nmztdbgjbg3Elke (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4NUuvS6nmzTdBgjBg3ELkE
    January 01, 2020 - Limitation: Sparse reporting of patient health outcomes, longer- term follow-up of outcomes, and harms … Outcome analyses were also stratified by length of follow-up after randomiza- tion (short term was less … than 12 months, intermediate term was 12 to 24 months, and long term was greater than 24 months). … How- ever, we found more limited information about longer- term benefits. … Overall evidence for longer-term (�24 mo) findings are limited, with the exception of a reduction in

86. Archived: Treatment: Evidence Summary: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/treatment-evidence-summary/gestational-diabetes-mellitus-screening-january-2014
    May 28, 2013 - Evidence was insufficient for long-term metabolic outcomes among offspring. … There is little evidence of short-term harm of treating GDM other than an increased demand for services … preexisting diabetes; compared any treatment of GDM with no treatment; and reported short- and long-term … Two studies had 2 associated publications reporting initial 6 , 15 and longer-term 22 , 23 outcomes … Further study of the long-term metabolic effect on offspring whose mothers have been treated for GDM

87. The Task Force Issues Draft Recommendations on Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/high-bmi-children-adolescents-draft-rec-bulletin.pdf
    January 16, 2024 - evidence on weight loss medications but found that more research is needed to fully understand the long-term … areas of research gaps identified by the Task Force include how change in BMI impacts overall, long-term

88. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Dental Caries in Preschool Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary19/dental-caries-in-preschool-children-screening-2004
    April 15, 2004 - , little evidence for longer-term effects … improvement, but no longer-term effects … (14 studies) Plaque removal programs are generally effective in short term, but no long-term … (NR) Very few studies, little evidence of long-term gain. … (NR) Simple instruction alters behavior in short term, reducing plaque levels; no lasting effect.

89. Evidence Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
    May 10, 2022 - life in adults with fairly symptomatic moderate COPD ( Table ). 8-10 The Understanding Potential Long-Term … for the initiation of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist or long-acting beta-agonist and the longer-term … Long-term effects of web-based pedometer-mediated intervention on COPD exacerbations. … Long-term effects of an internet-mediated pedometer-based walking program for chronic obstructive pulmonary … Short- and long-term effects of a physical activity counselling programme in COPD: a randomized controlled

90. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    June 23, 2016 - osteoporosis, are taking antiresorptive agents, or have a prior history of osteoporotic fractures Have long-term … : any, including daily or annual (vitamin D only) supplementation, as long as it is considered long term … (≥1 month or equivalent) Short-term use (<1 month daily use or equivalent) Vitamin D preparations

91. Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kXAtzuxCxKJcHK9Fg63GA3
    April 01, 2023 - In this recommendation, the USPSTF will use the general term “high BMI” when referring to youth considered … discontinuation suggests that weight rebound starts soon after discontinuation, implying that long-term … How- ever, there is no evidence on the harms of long-term medication use.1 In addition, pharmacotherapy … While there was an initial reduction in BMI, longer-term maintenance after medication withdrawal was … Interventions for high BMI in children and adolescents Research is needed on long-term health outcomes

92. Zyao53-Sqrb6Ozzkzdmjjt (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZYao53-sqRb6oZzKzDmjjt
    December 01, 2003 - Longer-term efficacy depended on continued intervention. The U.K. … Phentermine and mazindol had similar short-term efficacy but are not approved for long-term use.31 Metformin … Other drugs show inconsistent or short-term benefit. … Long-term weight loss with sibutramine: a randomized controlled trial. … Orlistat in the long-term treatment of obesity in primary care settings.

93. Archived: Evidence Summary: Physical Activity: Behavior Counseling in Primary Care, July 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/physical-activity-behavioral-counseling-primary-care-2002
    July 01, 2002 - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Registry of Controlled Trials through March 2002 using the term … primary interest was the proportion of patients who met the Healthy People 2010 goal in the "long-term … We also recorded short-term results if reported. … needed to evaluate which strategies best encourage maintenance of physical activity. 36 These long-term … : less than 6 months Long-term: 6 months or more Quality Comments Counseling vs. usual care

94. Draft Research Plan: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pregnant-nonpregnant-adults
    November 30, 2023 - What are the longer-term harms (after 2 or more years) associated with currently recommended antiretroviral … observational studies KQ 1: Uncontrolled observational studies, modeling studies Timing KQ 5: Long-term … and partner discord, abuse, or violence KQ 3: Maternal and infant harms of treatment, including long-term

95. Draft Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    January 12, 2023 - those who take antiresorptive agents, have a prior history of osteoporotic fractures, or have long-term … Short-term supplementation use (less than 1 month); vitamin D preparations or metabolites designed for

96. Final Research Plan: Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/perinatal-depression-interventions-to-prevent
    June 01, 2023 - inmates, juvenile detention centers, foster homes, or group homes) Studies limited to persons in long-term … visits Correctional facilities School classrooms Worksites Inpatient/residential/long-term

97. Medication Use for the Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-TsBkyewVoFpC7htRmzWJa
    September 03, 2019 - Risk for invasive breast cancer was higher for raloxifene than tamoxifen in 1 trial after long-term follow-up … These included updated long-term results of the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I … A total of 22 studies (54 articles) met inclusion criteria, includ- ing updated long-term results of … ; 16 longer-term 5 Good NSABP-P1 Fisher et al,46 1998 Fisher et al,82 2005 Day et al,81 2001 6576 … However, no long-term follow-up data are available to determine whether harms demonstrated in treatment

98. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Brief Evidence Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/StNCYDfuKfxc2LpwtaN8et
    February 01, 2004 - general, high, risk, morbidity, mortality, liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, prevent as a truncated term … , Mele and colleagues found that HBV vaccine and HBIG are effective in providing immediate and long-term

99. Ykjvkfmv5Jf8Bl3Rbx8Bp7 (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ykjVKfmV5Jf8bL3rBx8BP7
    December 01, 2015 - anxiety but not long-term psychological harms. … Limitations of this study include lack of longer-term (>10 years) follow-up and lack of data on other … anxiety, but 2 longer-term studies (37, 38) found no negative psychological effects associated with … Effect of population screening for type 2 diabetes on mortality: long-term follow-up of the Ely cohort … Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention

100. Physicians’ Roles in Preventing Dental Caries in Preschool Children: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/xXX8ZeqpmqtMURtJSfub56
     April 01, 2004 - Interventions aimed at increasing knowledge of oral health topics were effective in the short term, … , little evidence for longer-term effects. (3 studies) One-on-one instruction, repeated contact, and … participant involvement lead to short-term improvement, but no longer-term effects. (13 studies) Reduction … (14 studies) Plaque removal programs are generally effective in short term, but no long-term benefits … (NR) Very few studies, little evidence of long-term gain.