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41. Draft Research Plan: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vision-screening-children-ages-6-months-5-years
    April 24, 2025 - amblyopia, its risk factors, and refractive error in children ages 6 months to 5 years reduce long-term … amblyopia, its risk factors, and refractive error in children ages 6 months to 5 years reduce long-term … head-to-head studies without an additional eligible comparison group) Outcomes KQs 1, 4: Reduced long-term

42. Final Research Plan: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening
    December 28, 2017 - recurrent and/or antimicrobial resistant infections, allergic reactions, secondary infections, and longer-term … outside of the community (e.g., hospital, nursing or care home, rehabilitation center, or other long-term … comments suggested that screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria may be important for patients in long-term

43. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults: Clinical Summary of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3yeJ6L7nXxuVtnaU75gecT
    January 01, 2011 - Additional risk factors include receiving a blood transfusion before 1992, long-term hemodialysis, being … Treatment Antiviral treatment prevents long-term health complications of HCV infection (such as cirrhosis

44. Lipid Screening in Childhood and Adolescence for Detection of Familial Hypercholerolemia: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dCH2CMqVyAzf4eyj-ch6H3
    August 09, 2016 - in children, and lipid-lowering treatment in childhood can reduce lipid concentrations in the short term … for FH in childhood on lipid concentrations or cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood, or on the long-term … Long-term studies of people initiating FH treatment in childhood are needed. … The body of evidence on harms of pharmacotherapy also lacks long-term studies. Table. … Short-term efficacy and safety of pravastatin in 72 children with familial hypercholesterolemia.

45. Evidence Summary: Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions
    March 19, 2024 - Long-term results for the same outcomes were sparse and inconsistent. 13 , 19 , 40 , 45-47 , 49 , 51 … , 52 Other concerns with long-term outcomes included risks of contamination (in which elements of the … Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect. Child Welfare Information Gateway. … https://www.childwelfare.gov/resources/long-term-consequences-child-abuse-and-neglect/ 3. … follow-up b Short-term outcomes:    Consistent    Imprecise Long-term outcomes:    Inconsistent    

46. Recommendation: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening
    July 18, 2023 - The USPSTF is calling for more long-term data on the effectiveness of screening for and treatment of … Long-term data on the effectiveness of screening for and treatment of lipid disorders in children and … Long-term data on the harms of screening and treatment. … Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study. … Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on

47. Screening for iron deficiency anemia in young children literature surveillance report 2023 (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/sCkggReHbVWXtLoqWhEPrh
    July 01, 2023 - increased risk for IDA; • The harms of screening for or treatment of IDA; and • The short- and long-term … and anemia at 6 months and intervention-related harms are reported.5 Three publications report long-term

48. Final Research Plan: Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication
    October 21, 2021 - Based on comments related to the scientific and conceptual scope of the review, the USPSTF replaced the term … “serum folate” in the analytic framework with a more general term—“folate levels in the body”—to reflect

49. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vmHooQ6ABG9CagdUXv2_rx
    August 25, 2021 - The USPSTF is calling for more long-term data on the effectiveness of screening for and treatment of … Research Needs and Gaps Studies are needed that provide the following information. • Long-term data on … • Long-term data on the harms of screening and treatment. … Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study. … Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on

50. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/XGHwLrLfb_78ymEUwGF6jR
    March 19, 2024 - Long-term results for the same outcomes were sparse and inconsistent.13,19,40,45-47,49,51,52 Other con … - cerns with long-term outcomes included risks of contamination (in which elements of the intervention … follow-upb Short-term outcomes: Consistent Imprecise Long-term outcomes: Inconsistent Imprecise … outcomes, insufficient for long-term outcomes Unclear whether findings apply to subgroups defined by … Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect. Child Welfare Information Gateway.

51. Screening for and Management of Obesity in Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Bd9Cgr5WNueNbmfsPxUKDP
    September 01, 2012 - The USPSTF found inadequate direct evidence about the effectiveness of these interventions on long-term … Inadequate evidence was found about the effectiveness of these interventions on long-term health outcomes … Less is known about the long-term health outcomes of overweight than of obesity. … and Gaps Further research is needed to examine the direct effects of screening for obesity on long-term … , setting weight-loss goals, addressing barriers to change, and strategizing about maintaining long-term

52. Archived: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-adults-screening-2004
    January 01, 2004 - for asymptomatic bacteriuria demonstrated no reduction in complications. 1 Although there were short-term … therapy, there was no decrease in the number of symptomatic episodes or hospitalizations over the long term

53. Archived: Evidence Summary: Child Maltreatment: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions-november-2018
    November 27, 2018 - Inconsistent results led to a conclusion of insufficient evidence for long-term (≥2 years) outcomes for … The evidence for the effect on short-term outcomes of primary care–feasible and primary care–referable … Few studies reported long-term outcomes; results from these studies are not consistent. … Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. Child Welfare Information Gateway website. … follow-up b Consistent, imprecise (short-term outcomes) Inconsistent, imprecise (long-term

54. Final Research Plan: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/falls-prevention-community-dwelling-older-adults-interventions
    July 21, 2022 - outside of the community (e.g., hospitals, nursing or care homes, rehabilitation centers, or other long-term … Institutionalizations (e.g., transition from community dwelling to nursing or care homes, or other long-term

55. Archived: Final Research Plan: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan151/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening-july-2016
    January 15, 2015 - effects, overdiagnosis) KQ 7: All harms from lipid-lowering medications (e.g., adverse events, long-term … systematic reviews KQ 8: RCTs, CCTs, cohort studies, systematic reviews, registry studies, long-term … systematic reviews KQ 8: RCTs, CCTs, cohort studies, systematic reviews, registry studies, long-term … score, pathological findings) KQ 7: All harms from: Medications (e.g., adverse events, long-term … systematic reviews KQ 8: RCTs, CCTs, systematic reviews, cohort studies, registry studies, long-term

56. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary39/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2010
    January 15, 2010 - Despite important gaps, available research supports at least short-term benefits of comprehensive medium … Weight outcomes were categorized as short-term (6-12 months since beginning treatment) or maintenance … Effect of weight loss by obese children on long-term growth. … Weight outcomes were categorized as short-term (6–12 months since beginning treatment) or medium-term … Pooled analysis: short-term weight change effect size (ES) of behavioral interventions (KQ1).

57. Final Research Plan: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vision-screening-children-ages-6-months-5-years
    July 24, 2025 - amblyopia, its risk factors, and refractive error in children ages 6 months to 5 years reduce long-term … amblyopia, its risk factors, and refractive error in children ages 6 months to 5 years reduce long-term … head-to-head studies without an additional eligible comparison group) Outcomes KQs 1, 4: Reduced long-term

58. Final Recommendation Statement: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prostate-cancer-screening
    May 08, 2018 - of pads, and 2 in 3 men will experience long-term erectile dysfunction. … More than half of men who receive radiation therapy experience long-term sexual erectile dysfunction … and up to 1 in 6 men experience long-term bothersome bowel symptoms, including bowel urgency and fecal … use of pads, and about 2 in 3 men experience long-term erectile dysfunction. … Longer-term follow-up studies may provide important additional information.

59. Archived: Drug Use, Illicit: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-use-illicit-screening-january-2008
    January 15, 2008 - There is good evidence that various treatments are effective in reducing illicit drug use in the short term … counseling for cannabis misuse) have been proven effective in reducing illicit drug use in the short term … ,  the longer-term effects of treatment on morbidity and mortality have been inadequately evaluated.  … Living as a child with someone who abuses drugs is associated with long-term negative outcomes, including … There is limited evidence that treatment has a direct effect on long-term morbidity and mortality.

60. Screening For Illicit Drug Use: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Qh7NQD6ZEynjyRso7L5-gS
    January 15, 2008 - There is good evidence that various treatments are effective in reducing illicit drug use in the short term … reliably improves social and legal outcomes for patients, or to link treatment directly to longer term … counseling for cannabis misuse) have been proven effective in reducing illicit drug use in the short term … , the longer-term effects of treatment on morbidity and mortality have been inadequately evaluated. … There is limited evidence that treatment has a direct effect on long-term morbidity and mortality.