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41. Screening for iron deficiency anemia in young children literature surveillance report 2023 (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/sCkggReHbVWXtLoqWhEPrh
    July 01, 2023 - increased risk for IDA; • The harms of screening for or treatment of IDA; and • The short- and long-term … and anemia at 6 months and intervention-related harms are reported.5 Three publications report long-term

42. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/DPq7_eawq-Ts6XLowaTaNA
    November 27, 2018 - Inconsistent results led to a conclusion of insufficient evidence for long-term (�2 years) outcomes for … follow-upb Consistent, imprecise (short-term outcomes) Inconsistent, imprecise (long-term outcomes … outcomes Insufficient for long-term outcomes Unclear whether findings apply to subgroups defined by … Few studies re- ported long-term outcomes; results from these studies are not con- sistent. … Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect.

43. Archived: Obesity in Adults: Screening and Management | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-adults-screening-and-management-2012
    June 15, 2012 - Inadequate evidence was found about the effectiveness of these interventions on long-term health outcomes … The USPSTF found inadequate direct evidence about the effectiveness of these interventions on long-term … Compared with that of obesity, less is known about the association of overweight and long-term health … , setting weight-loss goals, addressing barriers to change, and strategizing about maintaining long-term … possible harms of orlistat because of recent FDA reports of severe liver disease and a lack of long-term

44. Screening for Obesity in Children and Adolescents: USPSTF Recommendations Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/PdBbRgWKPMbHfeQeHkM242
    February 01, 2010 - macologic agents (sibutramine or orlistat) with behavioral interven- tions resulted in modest short-term … There were no long-term data on the mainte- nance of improvement after discontin- uation of medications … of treatment effect and to assess longer-term risks and harms. … Weight outcomes were de- fined as short-term (6–12 months since the beginning of the intervention) or … Nei- ther medication seems to adversely affect short-term (6–12 months) growth and maturation.

45. Archived: Evidence Summary: Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women: Screening and Supplementation | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary22/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-pregnant-women-screening-and-supplementation-september-2015
    March 30, 2015 - Pooled analysis of 4 trials resulted in a statistically significant difference in IDA incidence at term … Harms, none of which were serious or had long-term consequences, were inconsistently reported in 10 of … Health outcomes included long- or short-term maternal and infant morbidity (including birth outcomes) … Research is needed to understand the clinical significance of the short-term improvement in maternal … Meta-analysis: iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency at term.

46. Lipid Screening in Childhood and Adolescence for Detection of Familial Hypercholerolemia: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dCH2CMqVyAzf4eyj-ch6H3
    August 09, 2016 - in children, and lipid-lowering treatment in childhood can reduce lipid concentrations in the short term … for FH in childhood on lipid concentrations or cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood, or on the long-term … Long-term studies of people initiating FH treatment in childhood are needed. … The body of evidence on harms of pharmacotherapy also lacks long-term studies. Table. … Short-term efficacy and safety of pravastatin in 72 children with familial hypercholesterolemia.

47. Final Research Plan: Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan-nonpregnant-adolescents-and-adults/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening
    June 15, 2017 - What are the longer-term harms (≥2 years) associated with currently recommended antiretroviral therapy … study designs are not available KQ 1: Uncontrolled observational studies Timing KQ 5: Long-term … The USPSTF also replaced the term "newer antiretroviral therapy regimens" with "currently approved antiretroviral

48. Screening for and Management of Obesity in Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Bd9Cgr5WNueNbmfsPxUKDP
    September 01, 2012 - The USPSTF found inadequate direct evidence about the effectiveness of these interventions on long-term … Inadequate evidence was found about the effectiveness of these interventions on long-term health outcomes … Less is known about the long-term health outcomes of overweight than of obesity. … and Gaps Further research is needed to examine the direct effects of screening for obesity on long-term … , setting weight-loss goals, addressing barriers to change, and strategizing about maintaining long-term

49. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary39/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2010
    January 15, 2010 - Despite important gaps, available research supports at least short-term benefits of comprehensive medium … Weight outcomes were categorized as short-term (6-12 months since beginning treatment) or maintenance … Effect of weight loss by obese children on long-term growth. … Weight outcomes were categorized as short-term (6–12 months since beginning treatment) or medium-term … Pooled analysis: short-term weight change effect size (ES) of behavioral interventions (KQ1).

50. Final Recommendation Statement: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prostate-cancer-screening
    May 08, 2018 - of pads, and 2 in 3 men will experience long-term erectile dysfunction. … More than half of men who receive radiation therapy experience long-term sexual erectile dysfunction … and up to 1 in 6 men experience long-term bothersome bowel symptoms, including bowel urgency and fecal … use of pads, and about 2 in 3 men experience long-term erectile dysfunction. … Longer-term follow-up studies may provide important additional information.

51. Final Research Plan: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening
    December 28, 2017 - recurrent and/or antimicrobial resistant infections, allergic reactions, secondary infections, and longer-term … outside of the community (e.g., hospital, nursing or care home, rehabilitation center, or other long-term … comments suggested that screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria may be important for patients in long-term

52. Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
    April 26, 2022 - findings highly variable by length of follow-up and statistically significant only when considering long-term … Long-term use of aspirin and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. … Efficacy and tolerability of proton pump inhibitors in the long-term aspirin users: meta-analysis of … Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data … Short-term effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence, mortality, and non-vascular death: analysis

53. Archived: Final Research Plan: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan151/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening-july-2016
    January 15, 2015 - effects, overdiagnosis) KQ 7: All harms from lipid-lowering medications (e.g., adverse events, long-term … systematic reviews KQ 8: RCTs, CCTs, cohort studies, systematic reviews, registry studies, long-term … systematic reviews KQ 8: RCTs, CCTs, cohort studies, systematic reviews, registry studies, long-term … score, pathological findings) KQ 7: All harms from: Medications (e.g., adverse events, long-term … systematic reviews KQ 8: RCTs, CCTs, systematic reviews, cohort studies, registry studies, long-term

54. Archived: Drug Use, Illicit: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-use-illicit-screening-january-2008
    January 15, 2008 - There is good evidence that various treatments are effective in reducing illicit drug use in the short term … counseling for cannabis misuse) have been proven effective in reducing illicit drug use in the short term … ,  the longer-term effects of treatment on morbidity and mortality have been inadequately evaluated.  … Living as a child with someone who abuses drugs is associated with long-term negative outcomes, including … There is limited evidence that treatment has a direct effect on long-term morbidity and mortality.

55. Screening For Illicit Drug Use: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Qh7NQD6ZEynjyRso7L5-gS
    January 15, 2008 - There is good evidence that various treatments are effective in reducing illicit drug use in the short term … reliably improves social and legal outcomes for patients, or to link treatment directly to longer term … counseling for cannabis misuse) have been proven effective in reducing illicit drug use in the short term … , the longer-term effects of treatment on morbidity and mortality have been inadequately evaluated. … There is limited evidence that treatment has a direct effect on long-term morbidity and mortality.

56. Final Research Plan: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/falls-prevention-community-dwelling-older-adults-interventions
    July 21, 2022 - outside of the community (e.g., hospitals, nursing or care homes, rehabilitation centers, or other long-term … Institutionalizations (e.g., transition from community dwelling to nursing or care homes, or other long-term

57. Final Research Plan: Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication
    October 21, 2021 - Based on comments related to the scientific and conceptual scope of the review, the USPSTF replaced the term … “serum folate” in the analytic framework with a more general term—“folate levels in the body”—to reflect

58. PII: S0749-3797(01)00255-0 (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/yw_rbA_nQrCnkaN8X5t56S
    January 01, 2001 - Trials of diet therapy for primary prevention have led to long-term reductions in cholesterol of 3% to … of 3% to 6%, but longer-term results in unselected populations have found smaller or no effect. … Short- to medium-term adverse effects appear uncommon with statins, but long-term effects are unknown … Long-term effect of nutritional counseling: a study in family medicine. … The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group.

59. Archived: Evidence Summary: Lipid Disorders in Adults (Cholesterol, Dyslipidemia): Screening, 2001 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/lipid-disorders-in-adults-cholesterol-dyslipidemia-screening-2001
    April 09, 2001 - Trials of diet therapy for primary prevention have led to long-term reductions in cholesterol of 3% to … of 3% to 6%, but longer-term results in unselected populations have found smaller or no effect. … Shortto medium-term adverse effects appear uncommon with statins, but long-term effects are unknown. … Long-term effect of nutritional counseling: a study in family medicine. … The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group.

60. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults: Clinical Summary of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3yeJ6L7nXxuVtnaU75gecT
    January 01, 2011 - Additional risk factors include receiving a blood transfusion before 1992, long-term hemodialysis, being … Treatment Antiviral treatment prevents long-term health complications of HCV infection (such as cirrhosis