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221. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Service Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TkWNoq6KQb3SoZ54gscLCQ
     July 25, 2016 - for the association between achieving intermediate outcomes fol- lowing antiviral treatment and long-term … Third, observational studies were included on the effects of antiviral therapy on long-term clinical … Long-term results with interferon therapy in chronic type B hepatitis: a prospective randomized trial … chronic hepatitis B: a long-term prospective study from north-western Greece. … Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon alfa.

222. Screening for Depression in Adult Patients in Primary Care Settings: An Update (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-wqedxmwdpdE5BmzcBeTmn
     December 01, 2009 - To complement short-term data from trials, we exam- ined 3 fair- or good-quality large observational … The greatest barrier to long-term relief from depres- sion is probably insufficient treatment, rather … Much of the evidence for serious suicide-related harms derives from short-term RCTs conducted for drug … Long-term effectiveness of disseminating quality improvement for depression in primary care. … Suicide rates in short-term ran- Clinical GuidelinesPrimary Care Screening for Depression in Adults

223. Primary Care–Based Interventions to Prevent Illicit Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/v7kgKfbWsEFnPY3wkvkRGc
     May 26, 2020 - separate recommendation statement.5 Definitions of Illicit Drug Use, Including Nonmedical Drug Use The term … behaviors that contribute to these causes of death.11 Illicit drug use can also have harmful long-term … The USPSTF uses the term “illicit drug use” to reflect a spec- trum of behaviors that range from abstinence … These comments also noted that the term “primary care–based” is confusing, since many of the reviewed … Long-term consequences of adolescent cannabis use: examining intermediary processes.

224. Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MzHhsgTBL37rRvvJfkfgMZ
     August 20, 2019 - Short-term measures of anxiety, health anxiety, depres- sion, distress, uncertainty, and quality of life … Longer-term influence of breast cancer genetic counseling on cognitions and distress: smaller benefits … Long-term follow-up of Jewish women with a BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation who underwent population genetic … Prophylactic oophorectomy reduces breast cancer penetrance during prospective, long-term follow-up of … BRCA1-associated breast cancers present differently from BRCA2-associated and familial cases: long-term

225. Recommendation: Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-c-screening
     March 02, 2020 - Treatment The purpose of antiviral treatment regimens for HCV infection is to prevent long-term health … current DAA regimens on health outcomes is limited. 1 Pooled analysis from 10 trials found small, short-term … scores after treatment with a DAA regimen compared with baseline scores. 1 Trials reporting short-term … adolescents (n = 182) treated with DAA regimens. 1 These trials were not designed to evaluate long-term … cardiovascular effects, or diabetes) would be helpful for evaluating the effects of DAA regimens on short-term

226. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2GDCmTe7akyrAHsTMbfz72
     May 06, 2022 - findings highly variable by length of follow-up and statistically significant only when considering long-term … Long-term use of aspirin and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. … Efficacy and tolerability of proton pump inhibitors in the long-term aspirin users: meta-analysis of … Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data … Short-term effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence, mortality, and non-vascular death: analysis

227. Archived: Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication-september-2014
     September 09, 2014 - if the patient has several of these moderate-risk factors § Low Previous uncomplicated full-term … should also investigate whether preeclampsia prevention with low-dose aspirin affects women's long-term … Low-dose aspirin use appeared to have no short-term harms during pregnancy. … The USPSTF found limited evidence on long-term outcomes in offspring from in utero exposure to low-dose … The USPSTF did not identify any harmful effects of low-dose aspirin use on long-term outcomes in offspring

228. Archived: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/gestational-diabetes-mellitus-screening-january-2014
     January 14, 2014 - The benefit of treatment on long-term metabolic outcomes in women who are treated for GDM compared with … 24 weeks of gestation reduces maternal and fetal complications at delivery or leads to improved long-term … The studies used a variety of glucose inclusion criteria and assessed short- and long-term outcomes in … months postpartum (RR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31 to 0.79]). 1 , 10 No studies provided evidence on long-term … Mild GDM Management and Long Term Maternal and Child Health: Follow-Up of the Mild GDM Trial.

229. Recommendation: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
     January 19, 2021 - nausea, throat irritation, and sleep disruption. 13 Generally, no significant difference in short-term … serious adverse events associated with e-cigarette use was reported. 13 Data on potential long-term … Evidence on long-term harms of e-cigarette use in general is lacking and is needed. … Long-term e-cigarette use and smoking cessation: a longitudinal study with US population. … While the 2015 USPSTF recommendation statement used the term “electronic nicotine delivery systems” or

230. Vision Screening for Children 1 to 5 Years of Age: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/AkQC-rTVEsusNWG_TmWWtd
     February 01, 2011 - There also is a need for studies that examine the long- term benefits and harms of preschool vision screening … use of corrective lenses or treatments to prevent amblyopia, which can have potential effects on long-term … genic risk factors were prescribed eyeglasses; however, there is no evi- dence available on the long-term … demonstrated that some amblyopia treatments are as- sociated with an increased risk of re- versible, short-term … loss of visual acuity in the nonaffected eye.1 Al- though 1 short-term (5-week) trial found no increased

231. Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Younger than Age 5 Years - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/thMRXgCVQmNUsYo6dmXEc3
     May 01, 2004 - visual acuity; and that treatment of strabismus and amblyopia can improve visual acuity and reduce long-term … harm outcomes.34 Since the USPSTF found no studies that followed patients into adulthood, the long-term … An inner city preschool visual screening programme: long-term visual results. … Screening of amblyopic children and long-term follow-up.

232. Screening for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nnkwqkX-Nk6v3gsphVATUD
     September 01, 2002 - other factors, that bone density measurements accurately predict the risk for fractures in the short term … care setting can also identify postmenopausal women who have a higher risk for fracture over the short term … measurements, a result in the osteoporotic range on either test is associated with an increased short-term … percent developing ulcer disease, as opposed to 1.2 percent in the placebo group (P<0.05).30 The long-term … Early changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover predict the long-term response to alendronate therapy

233. Archived: Suicide Risk: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/suicide-risk-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - differences in psychological testing or further suicide attempts between the two groups at 1 week long-term … medicolegal reasons in persons with suspected suicidal ideation, 41 , 42 but no reliable data on the long-term … underlying mental health problems such as depression and substance abuse may be effective, but long-term … Long-term follow-up of unsuccessful violent suicide attempts: risk factors for subsequent attempts.

234. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     July 26, 2022 - There was limited evidence regarding the long-term health outcomes or harmful effects of these interventions … Short- and long-term effects of a mobile phone app in conjunction with brief in-person counseling on … Long-term (1- and 2-year) effects of lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes relatives.  … Short- and medium-term efficacy of a web-based computer-tailored nutrition education intervention for … The long-term effectiveness of need-supportive physical activity counseling compared with a standard

235. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors for Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/EppFbhnDEX5UtYWrTkLEhT
     March 01, 2007 - However, 2 long-term, random- ized, controlled trials, the Physicians’ Health Study (9) and the Women … Long-term use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer. … Long-term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of colorectal adenomas. … Effects of long-term sulindac therapy on colonic polyposis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115: 952-4. … Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA. 2000;284: 1247-55. [PMID: 10979111] 75.

236. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/WEqCV3NvnZAeLdC_pp6nVK
     October 01, 2018 - remains unavailable, but DAA regimens were associated with SVR rates greater than 95% and few short-term … Fourth, evidence on potential long-term harms of DAA therapy exposure was limited. … Long-term outcome after interferon therapy in elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C. … Favorable prognosis of chronic hepatitis C after interferon therapy by long-term cohort study. … Long-term cohort study of chronic hepatitis C according to interferon efficacy.

237. Kbjjfcap9Xvhkp43U-7B9Q (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KbJjfcaP9XvhkP43u-7b9q
     July 01, 2014 - Potential long-term sequelae of chronic HBV infection include cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and … Studies did not eval- uate the effects of HBV vaccination on long-term clinical outcomes. … More research is needed on long-term clinical out- comes associated with current first-line antiviral … Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon alfa. … Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis B reduces the risk of long-term

238. Archived: Evidence Summary: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening, July 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2005
     July 12, 2005 - increased blood pressure, and impaired glucose tolerance. 24-29 Perhaps the most significant short-term … BMI is the primary clinical measure and a measure of relative weight, we have adopted the use of the term … Measurement and long-term health risks of child and adolescent fatness. … Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. … Weight reduction and long-term maintenance after 18 months treatment with orlistat for obesity.

239. Archived: Comparative Effectiveness of Antiviral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults: A Systematic Review: Hepatitis C: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/comparative-effectiveness-of-antiviral-treatment-for-hepatitis-c-virus-infection-in-adults-a-systematic-review/hepatitis-c-screening-2013
     November 15, 2012 - Data Synthesis:  No trial evaluated effectiveness of treatment on long-term clinical outcomes. … The goal of antiviral treatment is to eradicate viremia and prevent long-term complications. … Long-term outcome after interferon therapy in elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C. … Favorable prognosis of chronic hepatitis C after interferon therapy by long-term cohort study. … Long-term cohort study of chronic hepatitis C according to interferon efficacy.

240. Evidence Summary: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/prostate-cancer-screening
     May 08, 2018 - Is there direct evidence that PSA-based screening for prostate cancer reduces short- or long-term prostate … CI, 0.60 to 0.82]), and randomization to screening was associated with an absolute reduction in long-term … exaggerate estimates of overdiagnosis based on extra incidence, although estimates based on longer-term … Long-term quality-of-life outcomes after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting: the Scandinavian … Effects on long-term prostate cancer outcomes unknown.