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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/wireless-motility-capsule_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2013 - The study investigators performed double data abstraction on each article. … For all articles, the reviewers extracted information on study characteristics (e.g., study design, … Study Quality We reported study quality separately for the full-length publications and the abstracts … , because the abstracts had limited information about study methods. … Error count of radiopaque markers in colonic segmental transit time study.
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/trauma-child-interventions_executive.pdf
    February 01, 2013 - For a single study with precise results, we graded it as low. … Having a study design less rigorous than a controlled trial did not drive our decision to drop a study … A third study found mixed results.33 One study found evidence of benefit for the intervention arm on … The study authors typically evaluated short-term outcomes. … Support for Students Exposed to Trauma: a Pilot Study.
  3. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/restless-legs_executive.pdf
    November 01, 2012 - Study and patient characteristics may account for some or all of the between-study differences we observed … Data were available for gabapentin (one study), opioids (multiple opioids, one study; methadone, one … study) and dopamine agonists. … This study found no benefit. … (effect-RLS study).
  4. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/tinnitus_research-protocol.pdf
    February 22, 2012 - Risk of bias (how the study type and study design and conduct may have contributed to systematic error … Was the study described as double blind? Y / N 3. … Study Attrition - The proportion of sample completing the study and providing outcome data is adequate … - Adequate study sample has complete data for prognostic factors. … - The method and setting are the same for all study participants.
  5. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-protocol-osteoporosis_2.pdf
    October 05, 2018 - Study Inclusion Criteria Category Entry Criteria Study Population • Include:  Adults aged >50 years … framework and study-specific entry criteria (Table 3). … design and risk of bias, study limitations will be rated as low, medium, or high. … / (169001) 53 exp case control study/ (139905) 54 family study/ (27182) 55 longitudinal … study/ (108891) 56 retrospective study/ (601258) 57 prospective study/ (419321) 58 cohort
  6. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-biopsy-update_research-protocol.pdf
    September 20, 2013 - Data from each eligible study will be extracted by a single reviewer. … populations, diagnostic methods, and outcomes among study designs. … GOSH–a  graphical  display  of  study  heterogeneity.   … comparison or parallel design or control group or prospective study or retrospective study or case … control study or major clinical study).de. or Case control studies/ or Cohort/ or Longitudinal studies
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/thromboembolism-update-executive-170622.pdf
    June 01, 2017 - Thus, across-study comparisons of subgroup factors are limited. … Most specific comparisons were made by one study only. … Across this study set, four classes were evaluated (FXaI, LMWH, UFH, placebo). … within-study comparisons of different patients based on these characteristics. … Most specific comparisons were addressed by only one study.
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/thromboembolism-update-executive-170622.pdf
    June 01, 2017 - Thus, across-study comparisons of subgroup factors are limited. … Most specific comparisons were made by one study only. … Across this study set, four classes were evaluated (FXaI, LMWH, UFH, placebo). … within-study comparisons of different patients based on these characteristics. … Most specific comparisons were addressed by only one study.
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/hip-fracture-pain_surveillance.pdf
    July 08, 2015 - Exclusion Criteria: Study Design: Observational study designs with no comparison group (case reports … One prospective study cohort study of patients >65 who underwent hip fracture without preoperative delirium … Urinary retention (2 RCTs, n = 62; 1 cohort study, n = 535). … Up-to-date One prospective study cohort study of patients >65 who underwent hip fracture without preoperative … ;DESIGN: Prospective study of consecutive patients.
  10. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mrsa-screening-2010_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - In a study of nine U.S. … The study findings were consistent, the outcomes were direct, and study findings were precise. … study by Ellingson and colleagues.28 The study by Chaberny and colleagues32 utilized a before/after … study design. … The study findings were consistent, the outcome was indirect, and study findings were imprecise.
  11. Untitled (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/thromboembolism-update_research-protocol.pdf
    February 17, 2016 - The main differences relate to dropping Key Questions related to placebo (no prophylaxis) study arms … design •   Randomized controlled trials (any study size) (KQ 1-6) •   Nonrandomized comparative … observational studies (N ≥750 total per study) (KQ 1-4, 6) Timing •   Any duration of follow-up … Data Extraction and Data Management: Each study will be extracted by one methodologist. … , results, and study quality.
  12. 8 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-harms_methods.pdf
    November 01, 2008 - Empirical study. … VIGOR Study Group [see comment]. … Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study [see comment]. … Performance of propensity score calibration—a simulation study. … Did the study specify WHO collected the harms? 8.
  13. 8 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguide_chou_assessing_harms_when_comparing.pdf
    November 01, 2008 - Empirical study. … VIGOR Study Group [see comment]. … Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study [see comment]. … Performance of propensity score calibration—a simulation study. … Did the study specify WHO collected the harms? 8.
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cognitive-decline-disposition-170707pdf.pdf
    March 24, 2017 - Page 26 of 230, lines 16-17 states that limitations in study design were based on study design and … limitations are assessed: “Study limitations were rated as low, medium, or high based on study design … Study selection and exclusion seem appropriate. … Did you check each study for multiple outcomes? … To cite one example, if a study is shorter than 6 months, the reviewers argue that the study cannot
  15. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cognitive-decline-disposition-170707pdf.pdf
    March 24, 2017 - Page 26 of 230, lines 16-17 states that limitations in study design were based on study design and … limitations are assessed: “Study limitations were rated as low, medium, or high based on study design … Study selection and exclusion seem appropriate. … Did you check each study for multiple outcomes? … To cite one example, if a study is shorter than 6 months, the reviewers argue that the study cannot
  16. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/restless-legs-future_research.pdf
    February 01, 2013 - Strength training and treadmill walking improved IRLS symptoms but adherence was poor and the study … One study found that the dopamine agonist cabergoline improved scores on the IRLS symptom scale and … , study withdrawals (due to any reason) from RCTs were slightly less common in patients randomized to … Resource use, size, and duration Minimal, study can be conducted by secondary data analysis. … The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Mov Disord. 1995 Sep;10(5):634-42.
  17. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/sleep-apnea_research-protocol.pdf
    March 15, 2010 - Sleep study measures i. Apnea hypopnea index ii. Number of arousals iii. … Studies of different study designs will be graded within the context of their study design. … Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK, et al, for the Sleep Heart Health Study. … Prospective study of the association between sleep- disordered breathing and hypertension. … Population-based study of sleep-disordered breathing as a risk factor for hypertension.
  18. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-208-bipolar-evidence-summary.pdf
    August 01, 2018 - participants represent and, therefore, the populations to which the study results apply. … Efficacy of olanzapine in acute bipolar mania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. … The Olanzipine HGGW Study Group.[Erratum appears in Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002 Jan;59(1):91]. … Allopurinol augmentation in the outpatient treatment of bipolar mania: a pilot study. … Divalproex Maintenance Study Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000 May;57(5):481-9.
  19. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/head-neck-cancer-update_research-protocol.pdf
    February 04, 2014 - The standard variables for subgroup/sensitivity analyses are study size, study quality, and treatment … Score as one of three levels, separately by type of study design: • Low level of study limitations … • Medium level of study limitations • High level of study limitations Directness Required Directness … Score as one of three levels: • Consistent • Inconsistent • Unknown (e.g., single study) Single-study … It includes: • Study publication bias (i.e., nonreporting of the full study) • Selective outcome
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/atrial-fibrillation_research-protocol.pdf
    May 22, 2012 - Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly subjects (the Cardiovascular Health Study). … Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. … The Framingham Study. Stroke 1996;27(10):1760-4. PMID: 8841325. 13. … (Catheter Ablation For The Cure Of Atrial Fibrillation Study). … Catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: the A4 study.

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