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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-therapies-update_executive.pdf
    December 01, 2014 - Study Selection We used the same study selection criteria as in the 2008 report. … The data extracted included study, patient, tumor, and intervention characteristics and predefined … To be considered as having high risk of bias, the study must have met at least one of the following … However, neither study compared RP with active surveillance. … Furthermore, in the PIVOT study, the median survival was assumed to be 15 years in the original study
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/evidence-summary-cer-200-post-acs-depression.pdf
    November 01, 2017 - Key Question 1 evidence summary Number of studies: 6 Study publication years: 2005-2013 Number of patients … Strength of evidence for the BDI-II depression tool Test Result Strength of Evidence Study Design … ), antidepressants only (1 study) Comparator: Usual care Primary outcome: Decrease in depression symptoms … Outcome Number of Studies/ Number of Patients Study Design/ ROB Consistency/ Directness Precision … Directness Precision/ Publication Bias Effect Estimate (95% CI) SOE Depression symptoms 1 study
  3. Layout 1 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/treatment-resistant-depression_executive.pdf
    September 01, 2011 - . cAt least one Tier 2 or Tier 3 study addressed this comparison. … . cAt least one Tier 2 and/or Tier 3 study addressed this comparison. 7 Table C. … . cAt least one Tier 2 and/or Tier 3 study addressed this comparison. … . cAt least one Tier 2 and/or Tier 3 study addressed this comparison. 8 Table E. … . cAt least one Tier 2 and/or Tier 3 study addressed this comparison.
  4. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/asthma-immunotherapy-2010_disposition-comments.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - drug’s effects, to better understand “failings” in a given study, and to optimize subsequent study … We calculated the numbers from the raw data available in each study. … , but in particular, this study, requires a reviewer that has an understanding of study design methodology … This negative study has not been published. … results into the single allergen study findings.
  5. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/atrial-fibrillation_executive.pdf
    June 01, 2013 - Study design criteria were KQ specific. … of patients with paroxysmal AF in one study. … ); one study recruited patients with “resistant chronic” AF; and one study recruited patients with … ) or rate-controlling medications (one poor-quality study). … The Framingham Study. Stroke. 1996;27(10):1760-4. PMID: 8841325. 14.
  6. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/acs-pci-adjunctive-devices_research-protocol.pdf
    July 01, 2010 - Data abstracted from each study will include interventions, study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria … Each study will be assessed for the following individual criteria: comparable study groups at baseline … Whether the study was designed as an RCT or an observational study will be recorded. … When only a single study is included, consistency cannot be judged. … (TAPAS): a 1-year follow-up study.
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/adhd_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2011 - Study authors were contacted via email for missing outcome or design data. … SOE: Insufficient Only one study of GXR monotherapy is available. … ADHD comorbidity findings from the MTA study: comparing comorbid subgroups. … Jensen PS, Arnold LE, Swanson JM, et al. 3­year follow­up of the NIMH MTA study. … A 10­year follow­up study. Pediatrics. 2009;124(1):71­8. 87.
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/chronic-kidney-disease-anemia-2011_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - For Key Question 2, we included any study design. … Studies of different study designs were graded within the context of their study design; RCTs and observational … Full-text articles were screened on the basis of study eligibility criteria. … The study was rated as being at a low risk of bias. … • No study performed analyses by patient subgroups. • No study examined the impacts of biological variation
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/disruptive-behavior-disorder_research-protocol.pdf
    January 30, 2014 - OR Quantitative Study OR Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial OR Longitudinal Study OR Followup Study … OR Quantitative Study OR Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial OR Longitudinal Study OR Followup Study … OR Retrospective Study OR Prospective Study OR Field Study) 1200 #8 #3 AND #4 AND #5 AND #6 AND … OR Quantitative Study OR Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial OR Longitudinal Study OR Followup Study … OR Retrospective Study OR Prospective Study OR Field Study) 398 #16 #11 AND #12 AND #13 AND #14
  10. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ankyloglossia_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2015 - Two reviewers independently assessed the full text of each included study. … design, descriptions of the study populations (for applicability), description of the intervention … Quality assessment of each study was conducted by two team members independently. … These included 6 RCTs, 1 cohort study, 25 case series, 8 and 15 case reports. … Developing a frenotomy policy at one medical center: a case study approach.
  11. S38 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s38.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - providers or practices; clustering of outcomes among patients in the same practice and its impact on study … This article considers how one can use such data to inform key aspects of study design. … , of the power of a fully compliant study.4 For example, if a study is designed to have 90% power to … Inclusion in the study population of people with little likelihood of com- pliance with study procedures … will decrease the observed effect and dilute the power of the study.
  12. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_3-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    September 21, 2012 - 35 Abstract Patient populations within a research study are heterogeneous. … study populations may yield different results concerning the association of interest. … In 1988, the results of the Second International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS-2) study, a randomized … The study of treatment effects can be challenging in observational studies. … ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) collaborative group.
  13. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/chronic-urinary-retention_research-protocol.pdf
    November 19, 2012 - Study inclusion criteria Category Criteria for Inclusion Study enrollment Studies that enroll adults … Time of publication Search all literature 1946 forward Study Quality All studies meeting inclusion … Risk of bias of eligible studies will be assessed using instruments specific to study design. … We will qualitatively compare high risk of bias study results to synthesized evidence as a means of … Study results will be analyzed and synthesized separately for each etiology.
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-antigen-3-gene_research.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - Diagnostic Accuracy Study Prospective-Retrospective Study Case Control Study Description of design … Less resource intense than a diagnostic accuracy study or a well performed retrospective study using … Study Design Considerations Diagnostic Accuracy Study Prospective-Retrospective Study Case Control Study … Less resource-intense and shorter than a prospective study or a well- performed retrospective studyStudy Design Considerations Randomized Clinical Trials Prospective Cohort Study Modeling Description
  15. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/vitamin-d-calcium_disposition-comments.pdf
    September 15, 2014 - and a nested case control study—were both studies rated B? … Yes, one study was an RCT and one was a nested case control: we have clarified the study designs. … this study was not included in the original SR. … The IOM 2011 DRI committee used an observational study (Priemel et al. … We have revised the description of the study population in the study being described. 127 Public comment
  16. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/skin-cancer_research-protocol.pdf
    August 10, 2016 - , results, funding source, and study quality. … OR Prospective study/ App A—5 OR Clinical study/ OR Case control study OR Family study/ … OR Longitudinal study/ OR Retrospective study/ OR Prospective study/ OR Randomized controlled trials … OR (Case control adj (study or studies)).tw. OR (follow up adj (study or studies)).tw. … OR (observational adj (study or studies)).tw. OR (epidemiologic$ adj (study or studies)).tw.
  17. Autism Surveillance (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/autism_surveillance.pdf
    October 01, 2012 - October 2012 – One expert suggested a new study and a study already included in our January 2012 update … One suggested a study of Shaolin diet (Chan, 2012). … Social skills training in children with PDD-NOS: an exploratory study. … , -Followup Study, -Longitudinal Study, --- Prospective Study, ---Retrospective Study, FIELD STUDY, - … Qualitative Study, - Quantitative Study, TREATMENT OUTCOME/CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER OF RESULTS: 59
  18. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/heart-failure-natriuretic-peptide_research-protocol.pdf
    December 20, 2011 - origin, study design and sample size. … The PROBE-HF study. J Card Fail 2009;15(5):377-84. 7. Zuber M. … Was the outcome absent at the beginning of the study? 7. … Was the length of the study long enough for the outcome to occur? 8. … Study Attrition 2.
  19. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/treatment-resistant-depression_surveillance.pdf
    April 01, 2016 - may not be current due to no Tier 1 studies identified in the original review, and an identified study … However, we identified a Tier 3 study comparing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to cognitive behavior … may not be current due to no Tier 1 studies identified in the original review, and an identified study … may not be current due to no Tier 1 studies identified in the original review, and an identified study … RESULTS: Of the 116 patients, 75% (n = 87) completed the study.
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/glucocorticoid-injections_clinician.pdf
    June 01, 2016 - STUDY DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES The study design was a double-blind, multisite, randomized controlled … or computed tomography, and had moderate-to-severe leg pain and dis- ability were eligible for the study … , washout of in- flammatory mediators from the epidural space, and other fac- tors present in both study … groups, including contact with study personnel and receipt of lidocaine. »» The study did not include … tions, as the choice of injection approach was left to the discretion of the physician. »» The study

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