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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-protocol-amendment.pdf
    April 20, 2022 - , unpublished study results, and ongoing studies. … For each study, we will extract publication data, study design features, population characteristics, … study designs. … Each study will be described in summary and evidence tables presenting study design features, study … We expect to primarily rely on reported within-study differences in effects (or harms).
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/calcineurin-inhibitor_research-protocol.pdf
    October 08, 2014 - Elements to be abstracted include general study characteristics (e.g., country, setting, study design … '/exp OR 'controlled study' OR 'clinical trial'/exp OR 'clinical trial' OR 'comparative study'/exp OR … '/exp OR 'prospective study' OR 'retrospective study'/exp OR 'retrospective study' OR 'case control … study'/exp OR 'case control study' OR 'major clinical study'/exp OR 'major clinical study' OR 'evaluation … study'/exp OR 'evaluation study' OR random*:de OR random*:ti OR placebo* OR (singl* OR doubl* OR tripl
  3. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hepatitis-c-treatment-adherence_executive.pdf
    September 22, 2011 - We included a study if it met all of the following criteria: • The study was a randomized controlled … trial (RCT), a cohort study, or a case-control study published in the English language • Adult patients … Two independent reviewers assigned a quality rating for each study. … Generally, a good-quality study met all major criteria. … studies were quite small and had brief study periods.
  4. S116 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s116.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluating the Validity of an Instrumental Variable Study of Neuroleptics Can Between-Physician … We sought to explore the validity of physician-level IV in a comparative study of short-term mortality … If there are unmeasured variables that are indepen- dent risk factors for the study outcome and also … METHODS Study Population and Data Sources Our study was conducted in a population of Medicare beneficiaries … One important limitation of our study concerns the generalizability of the results.
  5. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/atrial-fibrillation-ablation_disposition-comments.pdf
    October 01, 2010 - This study was not referenced for the right purpose. … was good, three studies were fair, and one study was poor.” … 9.8 points 3, 6, and 9 months after the study? … • This study evaluated 105 patients followed for one year. … This study has been included through our update search.
  6. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cerebral-palsy-feeding_disposition-comments.pdf
    March 20, 2013 - We reviwed this citation and another related study (PMID 22699104). … The study used very strict inclusion criteria so that a homogenous study population of the most severely … As a result the study took 4 years rather than 2 to complete. … We re-examined the study and have added dat a on our outcomes of interest as reported in this study. … designs for all questions that are important in this field of study.
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/telehealth-during-COVID-19-amendments.pdf
    April 28, 2022 - characteristics (e.g., study design, study period and follow-up, study location), characteristics of … trials as topic”[mh] 19 “clinical trial”[tiab] 20 “comparative study”[pt] 21 “comparative study”[ … [mh] 33 “cross-sectional study”[tiab] 34 “qualitative research”[mh] 35 “evaluation study”[pt] 36 … " OR "observational study" OR "clinical trial" OR "comparative study" OR "controlled clinical Trial" … OR "randomized controlled trial" OR "cohort study" OR "retrospective study" OR "cross-sectional study
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/depression-treatment-ssri_research-protocol.pdf
    June 15, 2010 - Sample size: There are no restrictions for study sample size. … Key study elements will be reviewed by a second person (study investigator) with respect to study outcomes … study design, sample size, sample size calculation or power estimate); clinical indications; and study … The study design elements evaluated with this tool include: selection of the study population, appropriate … and have been judged to have had an “inadequate response” at the time of entry into the study.
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/undescended-testicle_executive.pdf
    December 01, 2012 - See the full report for references to each study. 5 KQ1a. … One study was of good quality, 4 of fair quality, and 13 of poor quality. … The one good-quality study of US had an accuracy rate of 73 percent. … LHRH was compared with hCG and placebo in one study of fair quality. … Only one study assessing testicular descent was rated as good quality.
  10. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/risk-cardiovascular-disease.pdf
    January 01, 2023 - Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria by Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, Setting/Study … The standardized form will be pilot tested by all study team members using 10 studies. … After we finalize the form, reviewers will work independently to extract study details. … Data Synthesis We will qualitatively summarize key features/characteristics (e.g., study populations … Based on this assessment and the initial study design, we will assign the SOE rating as high, moderate
  11. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cesarean-birth-2010_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - Inclusion/exclusion criteria Category Criteria Study Population Low-risk pregnant women who have a … They represent 95 distinct study populations. … The most common reasons for exclusion were ineligible study design and irrelevance to the topic. … 1 (168) Moderate N/A Direct Imprecise Insufficient; 1 fair-quality study KQ2. … 1 (201) Moderate N/A Direct Imprecise Insufficient; 1 fair-quality study 11 Table B.
  12. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-grading-evidence_methods.pdf
    November 01, 2013 - • Study conduct. … Score as one of three levels, separately by type of study design: • Low level of study limitations … • Medium level of study limitations • High level of study limitations Directness Directness relates … It includes: • Study publication bias, i.e., nonreporting of the full study. … levels of aggregate risk of study limitations based on study conduct; the scores are low, medium, or
  13. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/c-difficile-update_research-protocol.pdf
    December 23, 2014 - Outcomes Mortality Recurrence (study author defined) Clearance (study author defined) Complications … Study inclusion criteria Category Criteria for Inclusion Study Enrollment Studies that enroll adults … We will summarize included study characteristics and outcomes in evidence tables. … design and risk of bias, study limitations will be rated as low, medium, or high. … Study design: prospective, retrospective or mixed?
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/aggression_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2016 - We stratified study data by whether they came from controlled studies (e.g., RCT, cohort studies) or … Data for study groups not restricted to highly aggressive patients (i.e., the denominator involved … designs (i.e., any study that we could rate for risk of bias). … One study addressed staff training. … Case study evaluating the impact of de-escalation and physical intervention training.
  15. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/peripheral-artery-disease-treatment_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2013 - , and the heterogeneity of the individual study results. … reporting 4 strokes for total study, and 1 study reporting 1 stroke in endovascular group, 2 strokes … IC-CLI-Obs (1 study, 107 patients) Inconclusive evidence due to imprecision, with 1 study reporting … IC-CLI-Obs (1 study, 107 patients) Inconclusive evidence due to imprecision, with 1 study reporting … IC-CLI-Obs (1 study, 169 patients), OR 1.00 (0.18 to 5.54) IC-CLI-RCT (1 study, 86 patients), OR 0.18
  16. MEDLINE Searches (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-cancer-medications_appendixes.pdf
    March 01, 2009 - ‡Definitions of types of outcomes: • A primary outcome is the main outcome of a study that the study … • A secondary outcome is a major outcome of a study that the study was designed and powered to demonstrate … Wrong type of study 175. Kopans DB. … D 1-2 Study* Study Design N (drug/ placebo or nonuser) Participants Dose (mg); Duration Harms … D 1-3 Study* Study Design N (drug/ placebo or nonuser) Participants Dose (mg); Duration Harms
  17. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/high-risk-drugs-protocol.pdf
    July 27, 2023 - Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Study Parameter Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Population … • Unspecified study designs or comparison group not described. … , including author, year, study design, number of study participants, and main findings for each of … The risk of bias assessments will focus on the main outcome of interest in each study. … , including author, year, study design, number of study part...
  18. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breastfeeding-health-outcomes-protocol.pdf
    February 01, 2023 - design (i.e., ESR or primary study). … study). … Data abstraction forms will differ according to whether the study is an ESR or primary study. … For primary studies, we will abstract general characteristics of the study (e.g., author, year, study … In instances where that is not possible, we will exclude the study.
  19. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-social-isolation-older-adults-final.pdf
    February 01, 2019 - An overview of study findings for good- and fair-quality studies appears in Table 2, and study findings … Study Details Table C-1. … Gonyea, 201310 Pre-post observational study 9 months USA Study Quality: poor • N=33 … Arts and recreation interventions Author, Year Study Design Intervention Duration Country Study … (NOTE: The study was non-specific.
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/fibromyalgia_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2015 - , or high according to study design and conduct. … Included fibromyalgia subgroup studies, by study design Study Design Count Randomized controlled trials … antidepressant use (1 study), postmenopausal women (2 studies), and 1 study that used baseline Visual … of tables, and study management. … .55 Study duration ranged from 3 months to 1 year, which was the longest followup of any study included

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