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  1. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/c-difficile-update_research-protocol.pdf
    December 23, 2014 - Outcomes Mortality Recurrence (study author defined) Clearance (study author defined) Complications … Study inclusion criteria Category Criteria for Inclusion Study Enrollment Studies that enroll adults … We will summarize included study characteristics and outcomes in evidence tables. … design and risk of bias, study limitations will be rated as low, medium, or high. … Study design: prospective, retrospective or mixed?
  2. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-grading-evidence_methods.pdf
    November 01, 2013 - • Study conduct. … Score as one of three levels, separately by type of study design: • Low level of study limitations … • Medium level of study limitations • High level of study limitations Directness Directness relates … It includes: • Study publication bias, i.e., nonreporting of the full study. … levels of aggregate risk of study limitations based on study conduct; the scores are low, medium, or
  3. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy-update_executive.pdf
    September 01, 2014 - A single reviewer extracted data from each eligible study. … Additional study details are available in the SRDR. … “Other” denotes one study using grid guidance and one study that did not report information on the use … to study setting are common for all patients within the same study and other patient differences can … was performed, whether multiple centers 10 contributed patients to a study, study design, and risk
  4. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/aggression_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2016 - We stratified study data by whether they came from controlled studies (e.g., RCT, cohort studies) or … Data for study groups not restricted to highly aggressive patients (i.e., the denominator involved … designs (i.e., any study that we could rate for risk of bias). … One study addressed staff training. … Case study evaluating the impact of de-escalation and physical intervention training.
  5. Introduction (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rheumatoid-arthritis-medicine-1_research.pdf
    February 01, 2009 - During the study period, the overall utilization of glucocorticoids decreased from 46% to 38%, whereas … This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Vanderbilt University and the Bureau of … Results During the study period we identified 24,250 patients with RA. … Medication Utilization The proportion of RA patients receiving at least one study medication (DMARD … Interestingly, about 10% of patients were not using any study drugs on the index dates.
  6. MEDLINE Searches (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-cancer-medications_appendixes.pdf
    March 01, 2009 - ‡Definitions of types of outcomes: • A primary outcome is the main outcome of a study that the study … • A secondary outcome is a major outcome of a study that the study was designed and powered to demonstrate … Wrong type of study 175. Kopans DB. … D 1-2 Study* Study Design N (drug/ placebo or nonuser) Participants Dose (mg); Duration Harms … D 1-3 Study* Study Design N (drug/ placebo or nonuser) Participants Dose (mg); Duration Harms
  7. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-quantitative-synthesis_methods.pdf
    October 01, 2010 - The reported measures or study design could prescribe the choice of effect measures. … 1 0/10 (0, 0.31) 0/20 (0, 0.168) Study 2 0/100 (0, 0.036) 0/500 (0, 0.007) Study 3 0/1000 (0, 0.004 … is, it describes only between-study, not between- patient, variation. … apply equally to all patients in a study, e.g., study design, quality and definition of outcomes, … Bayesian approaches to random-effects meta-analysis: a comparative study.
  8. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguide_conductingquantitativesynthesis.pdf
    October 01, 2010 - The reported measures or study design could prescribe the choice of effect measures. … 1 0/10 (0, 0.31) 0/20 (0, 0.168) Study 2 0/100 (0, 0.036) 0/500 (0, 0.007) Study 3 0/1000 (0, 0.004 … is, it describes only between-study, not between- patient, variation. … apply equally to all patients in a study, e.g., study design, quality and definition of outcomes, … Bayesian approaches to random-effects meta-analysis: a comparative study.
  9. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/patient-centered-medical-home_research-protocol.pdf
    February 23, 2012 - Process of care reported as study outcomes: i. … ; uncontrolled pre- and post-intervention study …  For KQ 1-3, a study must report a relevant outcome. … : basic study design, geographic location, study setting including health care system, number of practices … dates, stage of study, and source of funding.
  10. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/transparency-infertility_research.pdf
    June 01, 2017 - Variables abstracted were: • Date of completion • Number of study arms • Intervention description … • Study design • Outcomes measures and results prioritized in the Management of Infertility SR • … Matching was performed initially by a research assistant, and reviewed by a study investigator. … Full text reviewed and study included in Management of Infertility SR. … • The study design and number of study arms matched for all eight studies.
  11. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/reporting.ppt
    September 01, 2009 - Executive Summary (II) Should be a distillation of the entire report Should exclude study-by-study … executive summary is meant to be a distillation of the entire review report and should not include study-by-study … One example of such bias is study level publication bias. … Results: Study Selection In reporting the study selection, authors should provide information on the … Study selection should be the first part of the Results section.
  12. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/back-pain-imaging_clinician.pdf
    April 01, 2016 - Clinician Summary STUDY DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES This prospective observational study en- rolled … The study population consisted of patients who underwent lumbar spine imaging within 6 weeks of their … OTHER FINDINGS OF THE STUDY One-year use and costs of health care resources were significantly higher … Since the study was not randomized or double-blinded, there was also potential for confounding by study … The study results support a position that, regardless of age, early imaging should not be performed
  13. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/fibromyalgia_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2015 - , or high according to study design and conduct. … Included fibromyalgia subgroup studies, by study design Study Design Count Randomized controlled trials … antidepressant use (1 study), postmenopausal women (2 studies), and 1 study that used baseline Visual … of tables, and study management. … .55 Study duration ranged from 3 months to 1 year, which was the longest followup of any study included
  14. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/evidence-summary-cer-195-uterine-fibroids-final.pdf
    December 01, 2017 - The longest duration of followup after the end of treatment was 60 months in one study. … No study reported an increase in bleeding or worsening in hemoglobin or hematocrit. … In the 8 longer study there was no further growth between 6 and 12 months. … One study reported no transfusions among 48 participants. … One study reported faster recovery (mean 22 days) after laparoscopic hysterectomy.
  15. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/omega-3-maternity_disposition-comments.pdf
    October 12, 2016 - As part of the review process, we assess the study quality (risk of bias) of each study in duplicate … Thank you for identifying this study. … The outcomes of the study by Morales were considered beyond the scope of the study because we were … Moreover, the outcomes of the study were considered beyond the scope of our review, as the study considered … One of the two studies was superseded by a longer-term follow-up study, and the other was a study of
  16. Layout 1 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/rotator-cuff-tear_executive.pdf
    July 01, 2010 - Comparative studies were considered appropriate to combine in a meta-analysis if the study design, study … The mean age of study participants ranged from 41.2 to 80 years. … Males comprised an average of 64.6 percent of study participants. … Males comprised an average of 58.9 percent of study participants. … Males represented 55 percent of study participants.
  17. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pressure-ulcer-treatment_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2013 - Study Selection To calibrate reviewer agreement and consistency in study selection, kappa values were … The data extracted into evidence tables included study design; year, setting, duration, and study inclusion … A second team member verified all study data extraction for accuracy and completeness. … As with our ratings of individual study quality, we used the term “quality” in lieu of “risk of bias … Prevention of serious infectious complications was not reported as an outcome in any included study
  18. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/presentation.ppt
    August 01, 2009 - Example: Summary Table of Study Characteristics A basic summary table is the “study characteristics” … design, geographic location, funding source, and other study characteristics. … Example: Summary Table of Study Characteristics Example: Summary Table of Study Characteristics Balk … The color code of each cell is based on what is reported by each study. … Key Messages Summary tables and evidence maps provide key information on study characteristics and study
  19. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/plasma-cell-dyscrasias-sflc-assay_executive.pdf
    August 01, 2012 - Below are the eligibility criteria for study inclusion. … study results, we rated the risk of bias (methodological quality) of each study from A (highest quality … , or animal study. … determine the study design. … The study heterogeneity observed, with variations in study design and population as well as inconsistency
  20. effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-biopsy-update_research-protocol.pdf
    September 20, 2013 - Data from each eligible study will be extracted by a single reviewer. … populations, diagnostic methods, and outcomes among study designs. … GOSH–a  graphical  display  of  study  heterogeneity.   … comparison or parallel design or control group or prospective study or retrospective study or case … control study or major clinical study).de. or Case control studies/ or Cohort/ or Longitudinal studies

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