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81. Disposition of Comments_Systematic Review: The Relationship of Digestible Carbohydrate Intake With Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Body Composition (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/effect-dietary-digestible-disposition-comments_0.pdf
    March 03, 2025 - In this review, we included both exposure and intervention studies. … Defining low-carb in the scientific literature: A scoping review of clinical studies. … We did not restrict our studies based on carbohydrate intake levels. … We did not restrict our studies based on carbohydrate intake levels. … As responded above, we did not exclude studies with low carbohydrate intakes.

82. Dietary Total Fat Intake and Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Child Growth and Development Outcomes: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/child-growth-development-outcomes-protocol-amended.pdf
    November 18, 2024 - • Studies that exclusively enroll participants hospitalized with an illness or injury • Studies … studies • Case-control studies • All other study designs Geographic Location • Locations … The one exception is studies of adolescents; for those meeting all other eligibility criteria, studies … If older, seminal studies or studies cited in the prior guideline are needed for context we will … If older, seminal studies or studies cited in the prior guideline are needed for context we will

83. Draft Research Plan: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/syphilis-infection-pregnant-persons
    December 01, 2022 - KQs 1, 2: Persons who are known to have syphilis infection, have symptoms, or are not pregnant; studies … of penicillin treatment in nonpregnant persons; studies of penicillin treatment for any condition other … on psychosocial harms; studies on screening test accuracy must define their criteria for false-positive … ; case-control studies; diagnostic accuracy studies; large case series; systematic reviews and meta-analyses … Study Quality Good- or fair-quality studies Poor-quality studies Abbreviation: KQ

84. Evidence Summary: Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 236 Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-236-mental-health-pregnancy-evidence-summary.pdf
    April 01, 2021 - have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies … Results A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. … Most studies were unable to identify dose and duration of exposure. … As a result, we excluded these studies. … We may also have missed eligible studies because of our restriction to English language studies.

85. Making Healthcare Safer IV Rapid Review: Patient Monitoring Systems To Prevent Failure To Rescue (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/patient-monitoring-systems-rapid-review.pdf
    December 01, 2024 - Overview of strength of evidence from primary studies by outcome and intervention type for studies of … Evidence Base 3.1 Included Studies We found 33 studies (3 systematic reviews and 30 primary studies … ), Netherlands (3 studies), Australia (2 studies), Canada (2 studies), Denmark (2 studies), Germany … improvement Serious adverse events 0 studies Insufficient SOE (2 studies) No consistent … (2 studies) No conclusion drawn Low SOE (7 studies) No consistent improvement

86. Evidence Summary_Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for PTSD: An Update of the PTSD-Repository Evidence Base (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-235-pharma-nonpharma-ptsd-update-summary.pdf
    November 01, 2020 - • Reporting was incomplete for many data elements in published studies: less than half of studies … An investigator assessed ROB for previously included studies and newly added studies following the methods … The revised criteria were tested on a small subset of studies. … and 274 nonpharmacologic studies (trials with no medication arms – all other types of studies including … Studies typically enrolled participants with a mix of trauma types (53%), followed by studies of participants

87. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol: Prehospital Airway Management (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prehospital-airway-management-protocol.pdf
    December 20, 2019 - • International studies in English language Airway studies conducted in cadaver labs, or simulated … ED studies if prehospital studies of the topic are available. … lists to identify studies for possible inclusion) • Case series • Descriptive studies • Letters … uncontrolled observational studies, case series, descriptive studies, letters to the editor, opinion … High risk of bias studies may be excluded if sufficient low and moderate studies are available.

88. Executive Summary_Systematic Review_Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: 2022 Update of the PTSD-Repository Evidence Base (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pharma-nonpharma-ptsd-2022-update-executive-summ.pdf
    January 01, 2022 - of studies enrolling more than 200 participants (8%) … An investigator assessed RoB for newly added studies and a subset of the 389 studies previously included … and 312 nonpharmacologic studies (trials with no medication arms). … Studies typically had sample sizes ranging from 25 to 99 participants (69%). … Limitations Study inclusion was limited to studies published in English.

89. Psn-Pdf (pdf file)
    psnet.ahrq.gov/node/866734/psn-pdf
    September 18, 2024 - How intervention studies measure the effectiveness of medication safety-related clinical decision support … How intervention studies measure the effectiveness of medication safety-related clinical decision support … https://psnet.ahrq.gov/issue/how-intervention-studies-measure-effectiveness-medication-safety-related … Almost all studies reported process- related outcomes (e.g., alert rates/overrides), approximately two-thirds … More research should be conducted using randomized controlled trials instead of pre-post studies and

90. Prehospital EMS Blood Transfusion and Fluid Interventions for Hemorrhagic Shock (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ems-blood-transfusion-protocol.pdf
    September 24, 2024 - • Retrospective comparative studies • Case control studies • Before/after studies • Time series … Studies for CQ1 will come from two sources: (1) quantitative studies included in the review for KQ1– … We will not exclude studies rated high risk of bias a priori, but high risk of bias studies will be … Our approach to describing the quality of the included studies will be driven by the volume of studies … (e.g., surveys, qualitative studies, descriptive studies).

91. Evidence Summary: Food Insecurity: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/food-insecurity-screening
    March 11, 2025 - for food insecurity; instrument accuracy studies of brief screening tools. … Studies were restricted to English-language studies conducted in the US, with no age restriction on participants … Evidence for KQ4a and KQ4b was limited to studies included in KQ4. … No studies reported harms of assessment for food insecurity. … , which constituted 24 of the 29 studies of interventions.

92. Executive Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 253: Maternal and Child Outcomes Associated With the Special Supplemental Nutritional Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-253-maternal-child-outcomes-wic-executive-summary.pdf
    April 01, 2022 - published since 2009, including studies evaluating outcomes before and after the federal regulatory … Results We found 82 quantitative observational studies, including 49 studies with direct evidence … , and investigator-initiated studies. … The review focused mainly on studies having a comparison group with WIC- eligible non-participants. … For many outcomes, few studies were identified.

93. Final Research Plan: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/syphilis-infection-pregnant-persons
    March 02, 2023 - of penicillin treatment in nonpregnant persons; studies of penicillin treatment for any condition other … outside of pregnancy Comparisons KQ 1: No screening KQ 2: No comparator necessary for studies … on psychosocial harms; studies on screening test accuracy must define their criteria for false-positive … ; case-control studies; diagnostic accuracy studies; large case series; and systematic reviews and meta-analyses … Quality Good- or fair-quality studies Poor-quality studies Abbreviations: HIV=human

94. Final Research Plan: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening
    March 02, 2023 - of penicillin treatment in nonpregnant persons; studies of penicillin treatment for any condition other … outside of pregnancy Comparisons KQ 1: No screening KQ 2: No comparator necessary for studies … on psychosocial harms; studies on screening test accuracy must define their criteria for false-positive … ; case-control studies; diagnostic accuracy studies; large case series; and systematic reviews and meta-analyses … Quality Good- or fair-quality studies Poor-quality studies Abbreviations: HIV=human

95. The Effect of Dietary Digestible Carbohydrate Intake on Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/risk-cardiovascular-disease.pdf
    January 01, 2023 - (used for identifying additional studies) • In vitro studies, nonoriginal data (e.g., narrative … Publications • Studies published in English only • Studies published in peer-reviewed journals … • Studies published at and after the year 2000 • Non-English language studies Abbreviations: CVD … For nonrandomized studies, including quasi-experimental studies, controlled before-and-after studies … studies.

96. Evidence Summary: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening
    May 13, 2025 - The evidence review on harms of treatment was restricted to studies of syphilis treatment during pregnancy … Five new studies (51,118 participants) addressed the harms of screening (KQ2),and 2 studies (130 participants … Three of those studies, all fair quality, were conducted prospectively, and 2 studies, 1 fair quality … Two of 3 cohort studies concluded that about one-half of congenital syphilis cases might be prevented … Although based on small studies,we found estimates of penicillin treatment harms that could be used for

97. Evidence Summary: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening
    September 24, 2019 - Results: Nineteen studies (N = 8443) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. … No studies examined screening in nonpregnant populations. … as well as registry studies. … studies limited to women with diabetes. 32 Three studies were conducted among older adults (mean age … Comparator: Ineligible comparator, including comparative effectiveness studies.

98. Final Research Plan: Tobacco Cessation in Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/tobacco-cessation-adults-interventions
    July 17, 2025 - We will also examine selected subgroup analyses reported in the included studies to explore the extent … Reviews and studies limited to: Children and adolescents Persons with existing tobacco-related … )   Study geography Reviews and primary studies that primarily take place in countries … : Fair- and good-quality studies Reviews: Very low-credibility existing systematic reviews Primary … studies: Poor-quality studies Abbreviations: ENDS = electronic nicotine delivery systems; FDA

99. Executive Summary_Blood-Based Tests for Multiple Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cell-free-dna-executive-summary.pdf
    May 01, 2025 - Thirteen of these studies had serious flaws in how they were conducted. … people total, with studies ranging from 102 to 41,516 people each. … These studies were published in 26 articles that reported on 19 unique tests.1-26 One of these studies … Although we found studies that reported on the accuracy of various MCSTs, the majority of these studies … Case-control and two-gate designs in diagnostic accuracy studies. Clin Chem.

100. EHC Protocol: Making Healthcare Safer IV: Deprescribing to Reduce Medication Harms in Older Adults (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/deprescribing-protocol.pdf
     July 01, 2023 - Eligibility Criteria for Studies of Effectiveness We will search for original studies and systematic … Description of Included Studies To efficiently describe eligible studies, the full text of each potentially … the findings of those studies. … selection criteria, or standard appraisal of studies. … of Effectiveness Literature Searches for Studies of Effectiveness Description of Included Studies