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Total Results: 905 records

Showing results for "studies".

441. Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LU_2NqdYKvadBZuYjUmKo5
     April 10, 2018 - The USPSTF deemed the evidence inadequate because of a lack of studies on accurate methods to predict … These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies. … . inconsistency of findings across individual studies. limited generalizability of findings to routine … Although most studies included home visitation, there was sig- nificant heterogeneity in study design

442. Final Recommendation Statement: Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/skin-cancer-counseling
     March 20, 2018 - Most studies of interventions to increase sun protection behaviors have been limited to persons with … Behavioral Counseling Interventions All studies conducted in children and adolescents focused on sun … Three studies provided the intervention in conjunction with well-child visits. … , and 2 studies used “appearance-focused” messages. … Such studies would also assess whether these behaviors continue after trial completion.

443. Archived: Suicide Risk in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/suicide-risk-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults-screening
     May 20, 2014 - Screening Tests The reviewed studies used various screening tools. … Treatment studies in populations with screen-detected suicide risk in all age groups are needed. … All 4 studies were considered to be fair-quality. … Only 1 of the 4 studies reported that the reference test was independent of the screening test 16 . … Lag times for other studies ranged from 0 to 35 days or were not reported.

444. Archived: Dental Caries in Children from Birth Through Age 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/dental-caries-in-children-from-birth-through-age-5-years-screening-2014
     May 05, 2014 - Screening The USPSTF found no studies addressing the magnitude of harms of screening children from … Potential Harms No studies examined the harms of performing primary care screening examinations for … However, four other studies showed no clear effect of xylitol on caries risk in children younger than … Risk Assessment No studies assessed the effectiveness of the use of formal risk assessment tools … No studies reported the risk for fluorosis with fluoride varnish application; however, the degree of

445. Screening for Family and Intimate Partner Violence - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/516/famviolrs/pdf
     March 01, 2004 - The USPSTF found no existing studies that determine the accuracy of screening tools for identifying family … The USPSTF found limited evidence as to whether interventions reduce harm to women, and no studies that … No studies have directly addressed the harms of screening and interventions for family and intimate partner … were short-term measures of child abuse and related factors.4 There were 2 studies of interventions … to decrease intimate partner violence in women; both studies, which only recruited pregnant women, showed

446. Screening for Depression in Adults: USPSTF Final Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BnHj53HwgSBNXMvnyavxfS
     January 26, 2016 - These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies. … . inconsistency of findings across individual studies. limited generalizability of findings to routine … Pregnant and Postpartum Women Twenty-three studies (n = 5398), including 8 studies of the English- language … No addi- tional studies addressing harms of screening were identified in the review.

447. Archived: Evidence Summary: Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1-5: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/visual-impairment-in-children-ages-1-5-screening-2004
     May 13, 2004 - Studies rated as being of "good" or "fair" quality are mentioned in this update of the evidence. … Although not the focus of this review, 6 additional studies assessed the sensitivity and specificity … Quality ratings for the studies described in this update of the evidence are in Table 3 . … These studies, summarized in Table 4 , specifically fill evidence gaps outlined by the USPSTF. … "Poor" studies have at least 1 fatal flaw. a Harris RP, Helfand M, Woolf SH, et al.

448. Archived: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening-2002
     June 13, 2002 - Studies reviewed by the USPSTF indicate that colorectal cancer screening is likely to be cost-effective … Previous studies have reported high sensitivity (86% to 90%) of DCBE for colorectal cancer and polyps … Studies have not yet examined clinical outcomes with CT colography screening. … Rates of perforation for diagnostic procedures in 16 published studies ranged from 0.03% to 0.61%. … Studies conducted in primary care settings have found rates of adherence for sigmoidoscopy to be 25%

449. Archived: Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-c-virus-infection-screening-2004
     March 08, 2004 - There is limited evidence from non-U.S. studies that older therapies have some long-term health benefits … In 4 studies reviewed, third-generation EIA had a sensitivity ranging from 94 percent to 100 percent … No studies have evaluated the rate of disease progression in asymptomatic patients. … Studies are also needed to evaluate the effect of diagnosis and treatment on the quality of life. … Studies of risk factor assessment are needed to guide selective screening strategies.

450. Archived: Evidence Summary: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-july-2014
     July 08, 2014 - ; 6 trials; n = 3435) and 3.3% (CI, 2.7% to 3.9%; 7 studies; n = 17,474), respectively. … We found no eligible studies that compared CAAS with medical therapy and no studies that compared CEA … We found no studies on anxiety or labeling among persons with false-positive results. … Most studies we reviewed did not report on harms other than perioperative stroke or death. … ‡ Analyses did not have small numbers of studies. Return to Table of Contents

451. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Chlamydial Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary14/chlamydial-infection-screening-2007
     June 15, 2007 - For other groups, both randomized, controlled studies and nonrandomized, prospective, controlled studies … were performed under study conditions rather than real-world conditions and that most studies did not … , controlled studies addressing this topic. … , controlled studies of screening men for chlamydial infection and the ability of screening programs … This review identified no studies investigating screening intervals for chlamydial infection.

452. Behavioral Counseling for Skin Cancer Prevention: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZExXGy-2DwcZM-98Zfnd5v
     March 20, 2018 - Studies included in previous USPSTF reports were reevaluated for inclusion. … Studies were rated as poor quality if they had major risk of bias; poor-quality studies were ex- cluded … ) included for KQ1 27 Articles (21 studies) included for KQ2 2 Articles (2 studies) included for KQ3 … No studies met inclusion criteria. … There were no new studies among children aged 0 to 3 or adolescents, and few studies among young adults

453. Archived: Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse of Elderly and Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-2013
     January 15, 2013 - No intervention studies were identified for elderly or vulnerable adults. … The ages of the women participating in these studies ranged from 18 to 64 years. … Eleven of the studies were descriptive in design and 3 were randomized, controlled trials. … It also found no existing studies that determined the accuracy of screening tools. … Accessed at www.vpc.org/studies/dv5cont.htm on 20 December 2012.

454. Screening for Depression - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/FExZhpEq2337V-hwkaPQ8y
     May 01, 2002 - Small benefits have been observed in studies that simply feed back screening results to clinicians. … Larger benefits have been observed in studies in which the communication of screening results is coordinated … supporting effectiveness come from structured trials with selected populations, although more recent studies … Few studies have examined the effect of combining medications and psychotherapy. … Five of these 10 studies reported significant improvements in the clinical outcomes of depressed patients

455. Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6XMRch-R3m4UMVoBMcv43f
     December 01, 2007 - on the natural history of CAS; systematic reviews of the accuracy of screening tests; observational studies … Based on population- based studies and the accuracy of carotid duplex ultra- sonography, the estimated … Studies have found that CAS is more prevalent in older adults, smokers, those with hypertension, and … These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies.

456. Archived: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-in-nonpregnant-adults-and-adolescents-june-2016
     June 07, 2016 - Studies in adolescent populations are particularly needed. … In addition, studies that evaluate the effectiveness of risk assessment instruments or other methods … Further, studies on the diagnostic accuracy of reverse sequence screening algorithms in well-defined … patient populations are needed, as well as studies on the interpretation and management of discrepant … Potential Harms of Screening and Treatment No studies directly evaluated the harms of screening.

457. Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ER_LzXdmdRcZ463r4UrGtz
     September 01, 2005 - Four studies of prophylactic oophorectomy reported reduced risks for ovarian and breast cancer (46–49 … No studies have described cancer incidence or mortal- ity outcomes associated with genetic counseling … Studies were conducted in highly selected samples of women, and results may not be generalizable to a … Cancer Genetics Studies Con- sortium. JAMA. 1997;277:915-9. [PMID: 9062331] 37. … Potential for bias in studies on efficacy of prophylactic surgery for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation.

458. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2011
     January 15, 2011 - Multiple studies have validated these tools; however, few of these studies have included men. … Previous studies evaluating the accuracy of DXA for predicting fractures have focused mainly on women … ; studies have only recently assessed the predictive ability of DXA in men. … Other studies evaluating the performance of DXA in men have reported similar findings 3 . … No studies that addressed the potential harms of screening were identified during this review.

459. Archived: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening-2016
     April 05, 2016 - Epidemiological studies have found that 15% to 50% of smokers develop COPD. 3 More than 70% of all COPD … whose participants included former and current smokers, but many studies, including those that examined … Future studies that stratify risk by smoking status could help identify different risk groups that may … The USPSTF also found no studies that examined the effectiveness of screening on relevant immunization … Two studies of LABAs found no difference in all-cause mortality but found decreased exacerbation of COPD

460. Archived: Folic Acid to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/folic-acid-to-prevent-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-2009
     May 15, 2009 - Studies also indicate that 50% of pregnancies in the United States are unplanned, and clinicians should … Observational studies done before fortification report a reduction of neural tube defects in women taking … and an OR of 0.52 (CI, 0.39 to 0.69) in RCTs and cohort studies. … Many studies with methodological problems posit an association between folic acid and twinning; however … A meta-analysis reported an OR of 0.67 in case-control studies and 0.52 in RCTs and cohort studies for