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401. Procedure Manual Appendix XII. Summary of Evidence Table for Evidence Reviews | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-xii-summary-evidence-table-evidence-reviews
     July 01, 2017 - No. of Studies (k), No. of Participants (n), Study Design (Second-Order Stratification) D. … The number of studies (k) and number of participants (n) for each study design should be described within … For qualitative or quantitative summaries at the outcome level, the number of contributing studies, number … Consistency is the degree to which contributing studies estimate the same direction of effect (i.e., … Reporting bias is the degree to which contributing studies may be limited by publication bias, selective

402. Archived: Final Research Plan: BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan11/brca-related-cancer-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-and-genetic-testing-2013
     December 15, 2012 - Evidence-based Practice Center will use to search for publications and to determine whether identified studies … Screening (KQs 1–3) Studies of risk assessment methods, outcomes of genetic counseling and testing … Treatment or Management Interventions (KQs 4–5) Studies of interventions to reduce risk for BRCA-related … Study Designs Randomized, controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control … studies, cross-sectional studies (for KQs 3 and 5), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.

403. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse of Elderly and Vulnerable Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/aSTzfuKHZtT8_PjfJjuck5
     March 01, 2013 - No intervention studies were identified for elderly or vulnerable adults. … These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … The ages of the women participating in these studies ranged from 18 to 64 years. … It also found no existing studies that determined the accuracy of screening tools. … Accessed at www.vpc.org /studies/dv5cont.htm on 20 December 2012. 6.

404. Archived: Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-october-2018
     October 23, 2018 - The USPSTF found no studies on screening or interventions for IPV in men. … The studies reviewed for IPV included adolescents to women in their 40s. … These studies were conducted in pregnant or postpartum women. … The review identified no eligible screening or intervention studies on IPV in men. … The review identified no eligible studies on IPV in men.

405. JAMA JATS (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dvDjnZzW9PDxzKBauB4QxA
     August 21, 2018 - STUDY SELECTION Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing primary hrHPV screening … RESULTS Eight RCTs (n = 410 556), 5 cohort studies (n = 402 615), and 1 individual participant data ( … ; studies based on laboratory results alone without an identified cohort were excluded. … Data on mortality from cervical cancer were not reported in any included studies. … No studies reported on the psychological effects of primary hrHPV screening.

406. Archived: Evidence Summary: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary4/lung-cancer-screening-december-2013
     July 30, 2013 - Studies of cost-effectiveness, modeling studies of radiation risk, and studies that evaluated patient … 6 studies (8 publications) RCTs Only 4 studies report findings in both the LDCT and non-LDCT groups … Harm variably reported among the studies. … Most studies reported no long-term difference in anxiety among participants, although 3 studies suggested … Mixed results were also seen in cohort studies.

407. Archived: Skin Cancer: Screening, April 2001 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/skin-cancer-screening-2001
     April 01, 2001 - Effectiveness of Early Detection There are no randomized trials or case-control studies that directly … Evidence from studies of the consequences of delay in diagnosis is inconsistent. … No studies were found that evaluated whether screening improves the outcomes of these cancers. … Studies of skin health behaviors and studies of factors associated with advanced melanoma suggest that … Good: Evidence includes consistent results from well-designed, well-conducted studies in representative

408. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_ZPNC3vqdS3R-ggXro6UAM
     April 05, 2016 - These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies. … . inconsistency of findings across individual studies. limited generalizability of findings to routine … Other Considerations Research Needs and Gaps The USPSTF reviewed studies whose participants included … Better treatment options for COPD and long-term epide- miological studies of the natural history and

409. Archived: Evidence Summary: High Blood Pressure in Adults, Children, and Adolescents: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/high-blood-pressure-adults-children-adolescents-screening-2003
     April 01, 2003 - Data Extraction One author extracted data from included studies into evidence tables. … Available studies have found no important adverse effects on psychological well-being and mixed effects … We identified no such studies. … These studies were reported in 14 papers and used multiple study designs. 53-66 Some studies compared … Prospective Studies Collaboration.

410. Archived: Evidence Summary: Physical Activity: Behavior Counseling in Primary Care, July 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/physical-activity-behavioral-counseling-primary-care-2002
     July 01, 2002 - A recent review of observational studies reported that risk for all-cause mortality was 20 percent to … Poor studies have fatal flaws rendering the results invalid; such studies were excluded from further … Such trials should document the reasons why patients drop out of studies. … These studies were rated poor using the USPSTF quality criteria. 18 Poor quality studies have fatal … flaws rendering the studies invalid.

411. Archived: Evidence Summary: Bleeding Risks With Aspirin Use: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-bleeding-risks-with-aspirin-use/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
     April 11, 2016 - Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials; cohort studies; and meta-analyses comparing aspirin … Data Synthesis: In CVD primary prevention studies, very-low-dose aspirin use (≤100 mg daily or every … We supplemented this with newly identified studies found on PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central … We required studies to report major GI or intracranial bleeding. … Good-quality studies met most criteria and were downgraded to fair if not all criteria were met.

412. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8U8tcAjprBFpANg2GVAJVp
     March 01, 2009 - The review included studies evaluating behav- ioral counseling interventions conducted in primary settings … The USPSTF has identified the absence of studies and evidence on behavioral counseling interventions … The review included studies targeting both adults and adolescents. … These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies.

413. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hKRZFsG6c7Kq5ef32cCXa3
     February 12, 2019 - These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies. … The review included studies of women with mental health symptoms or disorders, although studies targeting … [84%]) were limited to women 18 years or older, and the mean age across studies was 28.6 years. … Twenty-six of the studies (52%) selected women with risk factors for perinatal depression.

414. Final Recommendation Statement: Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/perinatal-depression-preventive-interventions
     February 12, 2019 - Counseling Interventions Studies on counseling interventions to prevent perinatal depression mainly … The review included studies of women with mental health symptoms or disorders, although studies targeting … The studies were divided between those that targeted pregnant (26/50 [52%]) or postpartum (22/50 [44% … [84%]) were limited to women 18 years or older, and the mean age across studies was 28.6 years. … Twenty-six of the studies (52%) selected women with risk factors for perinatal depression.

415. Archived: Falls Prevention in Older Adults: Counseling and Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-counseling-and-preventive-medication-2012
     May 15, 2012 - The factor used most often to identify high-risk persons is a history of falls, and most studies use … The largest of the studies on multifactorial clinical assessment was a fair-quality randomized trial … Several of the studies targeted older adults who were vitamin D–deficient, and the effect of vitamin … None of the 4 studies of vision correction reported a reduced risk for falling. … Adherence to prescribed hip protector use was poor in the available studies.

416. Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Younger than Age 5 Years - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/thMRXgCVQmNUsYo6dmXEc3
     May 01, 2004 - impairment, amblyopia is unlikely to improve without therapy.20 Both prospective and retrospective studies … The USPSTF found no studies detailing permanent harms resulting from screening or data regarding the … regarding the performance of vision screening tests in the primary care setting, although there are studies … currently underway comparing various screening methods.36–38 Current studies reviewed by the USPSTF … It would be helpful if similar studies comparing early intensive screening to usual visual screening

417. Xt2Uhv4Qyluz8O2Hb A4Yq (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/xt2Uhv4qyLUZ8o2HB_a4YQ
     July 01, 2013 - results, as did studies of the combined outcome of death and AIDS-defining events. … The esti- mates of risk and the drugs implicated vary among studies. … The 11 studies included in this review were considered fair or poor quality. … These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies.

418. Archived: Final Research Plan: Aspirin to Prevent Cancer: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan-aspirin-to-prevent-cancer/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
     October 07, 2013 - Evidence-based Practice Center will use to search for publications and to determine whether identified studies … Adults age 40 years and older Nonhuman populations Children and adolescents (age <18 years) Studies … Patient registries KQs 1–5: Factorial designed studies in which the aspirin versus placebo … group is not reported separately Observational studies Commentaries Editorials Narrative reviews … KQs 6, 7: Case reports Case-control studies Small or retrospective cohort studies Case

419. Ocular Prophylaxis for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum: USPSTF Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wAvC6HSumLETsanNkHHXu9
     April 01, 2011 - These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies. … ; inconsistency of findings across individual studies; limited generalizability of findings to routine … Evidence is insufficient because of: the limited number or size of studies; important flaws in study … design or methods; inconsistency of findings across individual studies; gaps in the chain of evidence

420. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: USPSTF Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kqRLYDR2eh3gLKbtTjZk__
     November 30, 2017 - These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes. … This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies. … . inconsistency of findings across individual studies. limited generalizability of findings to routine … The USPSTF found no studies comparing the false-positive rate of the traditional screening algorithm … Studies on treatment options besides penicillin could also be helpful.