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Showing results for "studies".

21. Use of Observational Studies in Systematic Reviews of (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-observational-studies_methods.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - Observational studies include cohort studies with or without a comparison group, cross-sectional studies … This is particularly important in case-control studies, where subjects are entered into studies based … If these studies address all important aspects of the review questions, then observational studies may … Includes sample size, number of studies, and heterogeneity within or across studies. … Selecting Observational Studies for Comparing Medical Interventions Selecting Observational Studies

22. Use of Observational Studies in Systematic Reviews of (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguidenorris_060420101.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - Observational studies include cohort studies with or without a comparison group, cross-sectional studies … This is particularly important in case-control studies, where subjects are entered into studies based … If these studies address all important aspects of the review questions, then observational studies may … Includes sample size, number of studies, and heterogeneity within or across studies. … Selecting Observational Studies for Comparing Medical Interventions Selecting Observational Studies

23. Assessing the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-bias-individual-studies/methods
    October 01, 2019 - as studies with high risk of bias. … newer studies may appear to be biased when compared to older studies, because of changes in journal … studies are poor.” … experimental studies and observational studies). … (RCTs and observational studies).

24. Integrating Bodies of Evidence: Existing Systematic Reviews and Primary Studies | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/integrating-evidence/methods
    December 01, 2019 - Recommendation : We recommend that newly identified studies be clearly distinguished from studies in … If the new studies would change the conclusions or the SOE judgments or the new studies are in some way … We recommend that newly identified studies be clearly distinguished from studies in the existing review … When is it okay not to add new studies (or conduct a search for new studies)? … Grading practices range from grading all studies using own criteria to grading the new studies and comparing

25. Chapter 5: Assessing Risk of Bias as a Domain of Quality in Medical Test Studies | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-bias/methods
    December 01, 2019 - useful to consider the range of limitations in medical test studies. … In a series of studies of bias in the context of medical test literature, Whiting et al. reviewed studies … . 1 However, medical test performance studies differ from intervention studies in that they are typically … for reporting observational studies. … Assessing risk of bias as a domain of quality in medical test studies.

26. Assessing the Applicability of Studies When Comparing Medical Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-applicability/methods
    May 01, 2020 - Assessing the Applicability of Studies When Comparing Medical Interventions. … of applicability on interpretation of individual studies. … not the same as applicability of the individual studies. … Note whether studies share features that limit applicability—for example, did all the studies exclude … Setting Describe geographic and clinical setting of studies.

27. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews - Avoiding Bias in Selecting Studies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-bias_methods.pdf
    February 01, 2013 - Studies evaluating reasons for discrepancies in included studies among systematic reviews ........ … Studies evaluating reasons for discrepancies in included studies among systematic reviews Study Study … Quality or risk of bias of individual studies Reviewer decides to exclude low quality studies or … Studies may have measured outcomes, but not reported them in the studies due to null findings. … However, smaller studies or non-English studies may be systematically different from larger studies

28. Supplemental Project To Assess the Transparency of Reporting Requirements for Studies Evaluating the Effectiveness of Treatment Options for Symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/transparency-neuropathy_research.pdf
    March 01, 2018 - For studies that are ongoing but not completed, what was the date of initiation of the studies? … Description of the Identified Studies For the first question, we described all studies we identified … For studies that are ongoing but not completed, what was the date of initiation of the studies? … Four studies had different reporting of the same measure.5, 12, 14, 20 In all four of these studies, … Six studies evaluated 0.75% capsaicin topic cream and two studies evaluated 8% capsaicin patch.

29. Assessing the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-bias-individual-studies_methods.pdf
    March 01, 2012 - as studies with high risk of bias. … newer studies may appear to be biased when compared to older studies, because of changes in journal … studies are poor.” … nonrandomized experimental studies and observational studies). … (RCTs and observational studies).

30. Integrating Bodies of Evidence: Existing Systematic Reviews and Primary Studies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/integrating-evidence_methods.pdf
    February 01, 2015 - Recommendation: We recommend that newly identified studies be clearly distinguished from studies in … If the new studies would change the conclusions or the SOE judgments or the new studies are in some … We recommend that newly identified studies be clearly distinguished from studies in the existing review … When is it okay not to add new studies (or conduct a search for new studies)? … Grading practices range from grading all studies using own criteria to grading the new studies and comparing

31. Quantitative Synthesis Chapter 3. Choice of Statistical Model for Combining Studies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-3.pdf
    February 01, 2018 - Choice of Statistical Model for Combining Studies Quantitative Synthesis Chapter 3. … Choice of Statistical Model for Combining Studies Prepared for: The Agency for Healthcare Research and … . − Therefore differences between studies’ treatment effects are due to random variability … • When a systematic review includes small and large studies, and results of small studies are different … ► For studies with zero events in one arm, or studies with sparse binary data but no zero events,

32. Research White Paper: A Framework To Facilitate the Use of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses in the Design of Primary Research Studies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/primary-research-design_research.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - of net benefit given the costs of studies. … , and similarity of included studies. … Included studies of sufficient validity and quality 4. … Insufficient data: too few primary studies, or studies that are too small (sample size inadequate or … The use of systematic reviews when designing studies.

33. ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/research
    November 01, 2024 - We included 550 studies reported in 1,097 publications (231 studies addressed diagnosis, 312 studies … This included 230 studies addressing diagnosis (KQ1), 311 studies addressing treatment (KQ2), and 10 … in the studies was 25 percent. … NOTE: The number of studies listed below includes all studies that met our inclusion criteria for the … n=561); methylphenidate studies favored intervention (SMD 0.66; 0.04, 1.28; 2 studies, n=302); NRI studies

34. The purpose of our tool is to compile a comprehensive list of questions that may be used to evaluate the quality of non-randomized studies of interventions or exposures (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/reliability-testing-grading-evidence_research.pdf
    May 01, 2012 - through both RCTs and observational studies; limited information in studies, such as the inclusion … a (Total N across studies) Observational Studies Number of Studies (Total N across studies … a (Total N across studies) Observational Studies Number of Studies (Total N across studies … Observational Studies Across the six exercises that included observational studies, agreement among … Observational Studies Exercises evaluating the consistency of outcomes based on observational studies

35. Executive Summary: ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-267-adhd-executive-summary.pdf
    March 01, 2024 - We reported the range of reported diagnostic performance for diagnostic studies; treatment studies were … This included 231 studies addressing diagnosis (KQ1), 312 studies addressing treatment (KQ2), and 10 … studies addressing monitoring (KQ3). … in the studies was 25 percent. … CI 0.05, 0.96; 10 studies, n=1703; moderate SoE).

36. Executive Summary_Systematic Review: Mental Health and Occupational Stress in the Emergency Medical Services and 911 Workforces (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ems-911-workforce-mental-health-executive-summary.pdf
    February 01, 2025 - Results We included 187 studies (KQ1: 179 studies, KQ2: 9 studies, and KQ3: 5 studies). KQ1. … that addressed this KQ, 149 studies enrolled only EMS clinicians, 24 studies enrolled only telecommunicators … (798 participants total) that addressed this KQ, seven studies enrolled EMS clinicians and two studies … total) addressed this KQ, including three studies that enrolled EMS clinicians and two studies that … /self-harm (9.5% to 24.4%) 0 studies Substance use Routine practice Insufficient evidence 3 studies

37. Executive summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 268: Impact of Healthcare Algorithms on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-268-racial-disparities-health-healthcare-executive-summary.pdf
    December 01, 2023 - screening (3 studies), and determine eligibility for prostate cancer screening (2 studies). … • KQ 1 studies found that algorithms may reduce racial and ethnic disparities (5 studies), perpetuate … Fourteen studies addressed KQ 1, 41 studies addressed KQ 2, and 3 studies addressed both KQs and are … ROB was rated as Low for 8 studies, Moderate for 31 studies, and High for 5. … 3 studies).

38. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/improved-cancer-outcomes/research
    May 01, 2024 - with few studies conducted within the U.S. setting. … Among studies included in our Key Questions, few (4%, n=8) studies reported a formal evaluation of the … Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with enrollment ≥50 participants. … We extracted basic study information from all eligible studies, then grouped studies by broad intervention … Few studies were conducted within the U.S. setting.

39. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Systematic Review | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/genitourinary-syndrome/research
    March 01, 2025 - the KQ2 and KQ3 studies, respectively. … All remaining studies included at least 80% white participants and over a quarter of total studies included … Less than one-third of studies included over 100 participants per arm (only 6 studies had n=200-380 participants … Finally, many studies, especially studies of energy-based interventions, recruited women from specialty … be supplemented with observational studies.

40. Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: 2024 Update of the Evidence Base for the PTSD Trials Standardized Data Repository (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ptsd-5-final-report-update-2024_0.pdf
    January 01, 2024 - Studies, Overall Studies Included in the Evidence Tables 20 Most studies enrolled both female and … Studies, Overall Studies Included in the Evidence Tables 23 Some studies targeted specific types … Characteristics of Included Studies, Studies Added in This Update 43 Five studies limited inclusion … , Studies Added in This Update 45 Most studies (78%, 42 studies) used a self-report measure to assess … Summary of PTSD and other outcomes for newly included studies Outcome N studies % of studies PTSD