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Total Results: 1,608 records

Showing results for "standard".

121. Executive Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 259: Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-259-partial-breast-irradiation-executive-summary.pdf
     January 01, 2023 - leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.1 Breast conserving therapy has been widely adopted as standard … Compared with standard fractionation WBI, accelerated PBI was associated with lower transportation costs … participated in clinical trials that led to the adoption of breast-conserving surgery and WBI as a standard … Partial Breast Irradiation Is the Preferred Standard of Care for a Majority of Women With Early-Stage

122. Interventions to Improve Care of Bereaved Persons (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/bereaved-persons-protocol.pdf
     June 01, 2023 - or method to detect the impact of screening KQ2: No reference standard to determine the accuracy … • Reference standard: The domain will evaluate whether the reference standard, its conduct, or its … interpretation may have introduced bias, taking into account the quality of the reference standard … in correctly classifying the condition (e.g., a gold standard may not exist) and whether the reference … standard results were interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test approach or tool

123. Effectiveness of Early Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/c-diff-infections_disposition-comments.pdf
     March 01, 2012 - It would be standard practice to spell out Clostridium the first time Clostridium difficile is used. … The designs of the studies have the probiotic administered concurrently with the standard antibiotic … REVISED TEXT; Cytotoxicity testing is not a perfectly accurate gold standard. … Weren’t there some papers that overlapped categories (e.g. comparing standard and non-standard treatments … Subjects received the probiotic along with a standard antibiotic.

124. Disposition of Comments for CER 166 Calcineurin Inhibitors (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/calcineurin-inhibitor_disposition-comments.pdf
     March 15, 2016 - PhD, on behalf of the AACC General Comments The traditional RCT is not necessarily the gold standard … We have included additional text in the Discussion section stating that studies including a standard … compared to standard dose tacrolimus. … confined solely to studies comparing standard-to reduced-dose CsA regimens. 5. … We also discuss trial heterogeneity, and note the lack of literature comparing tacrolimus standard

125. Disposition of Comments for CER 172 Clostridium Difficile Diagnosis Prevention Treatment (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/c-difficile-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     March 29, 2016 - Thank you for this comment; we attempted to present the bulleted results in a standard fashion in … and not a consensus standard that included clinical information. … A consensus reference standard would be problematically heterogeneous and make analysis difficult … We have added more discussion about how the reference standard used strongly influences the results … Commentator & Affiliation Section Comment Response Peer Reviewer #6 Discussion For the standard

126. Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Clinical Utility in Asthma Management (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-nitric-oxide_research-protocol.pdf
     September 06, 2016 - However, the diagnosis remains clinical; there is no single gold standard diagnostic test. … Comparators KQ 1.a: Standard diagnostic testing of asthma made by healthcare providers based on history … SABA, methacholine challenge Sputum eosinophils; Peripheral blood eosinophils; peak flow) KQ 1.b: Standard … methacholine challenge); Sputum eosinophils; Peripheral blood eosinophils; peak flow) KQ 1.b: Standard … Meta-Analysis of Test Performance When There Is a "Gold Standard".

127. App-E-Surv-Report-3-Acute-Pain (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-e-surv-report-3-acute-pain.xlsx
     May 29, 2025 - Total treatment time 8 to 9 minutes, and standard treatment B: Standard treatment: Advice about activity … nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NR = not reported; QOL = quality of life; RR = relative risk; SD = standard … outcomes measurement information system 29-item profile; QOL = quality of life; RR = relative risk; SD = standard … applicable; NR = not reported; NRS = numeric rating scale; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SE = standard … error; SD = standard deviation; US = United States; VAS = visual analog scale image1.jpeg image2

128. App-E-Surv-Report-2-Acute-Pain (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-e-surv-report-2-acute-pain.xlsx
     May 29, 2025 - Total treatment time 8 to 9 minutes, and standard treatment B: Standard treatment: Advice about activity … nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NR = not reported; QOL = quality of life; RR = relative risk; SD = standard … outcomes measurement information system 29-item profile; QOL = quality of life; RR = relative risk; SD = standard … applicable; NR = not reported; NRS = numeric rating scale; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SE = standard … error; SD = standard deviation; US = United States; VAS = visual analog scale image1.jpeg image2

129. Modeling to evaluate benefits and harms of new diagnostic tests compared to established diagnostic tests – uses and limitations (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/benefits-harms-modeling_research.pdf
     November 19, 2009 - By the time of their completion, clinical trials may not be applicable to current standard practice. … Errors made by the reference standard bias the usual estimators of sensitivity and specificity of the … Treating colonoscopy as an error-free reference standard likely overestimates the ability of the camera … Some issues in resolution of diagnostic tests using an imperfect gold standard. … Inferences for likelihood ratios in the absence of a "gold standard".

130. Disposition of Comments Report for Core Needle and Open Surgical Biopsy for Diagnosis of Breast Lesions: An Update to the 2009 Report (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     September 10, 2014 - Core biopsy has become the standard method of diagnosis for non- palpable breast lesions in the US today … A more appropriate standard would be studies that enrolled 50 or more patients and followed for one … However, clinically, open biopsy is not the gold standard anymore. … It may be more accurate to state, "open biopsy continues to be considered the reference standard for … Clearly supports image guided biopsy for diagnosis as the standard of care, an important advance.

131. Slide 1
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/study-size-planning-chapter-9.pptx
     January 01, 2013 - For continuous outcomes, make assumptions about the standard deviation. … In trials with a continuous outcome, investigators must make assumptions about the standard deviation … It is recommended that estimates of standard deviations and event rates be taken from existing literature … Use a conventional statistical significance cutoff of α = 0.05 and a standard required power of 80 percent … Many studies also use a standard required power of 80 percent, although other values are often considered

132. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy_disposition-comments.pdf
     March 11, 2010 - It is not being used to refer to the “gold standard of care”. … Methods Clarify what the reference standard is. … No reference standard is 100% accurate. … The reference standard used in this report is much more accurate than most. … Current standard of care is that ADH be subject to open biopsy.

133. Protocol: Imaging for Pretreatment Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/lung-cancer-staging_research-protocol.pdf
     December 08, 2014 - The reference standard must not have been defined by either imaging test being assessed. … If appropriate, we will meta-analyze the correlations using standard techniques and Knapp-Hartung standard … standard was unknowable until after the tests were read)? … Were the people determining the reference standard unaware of the diagnostic test results? … Was a standard instrument used to measure the outcome? 19.

134. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gerd-2005_executive.pdf
     January 01, 2005 - For maintenance medical treatment of 6 months to 1 year, PPIs taken at a standard dose (as suggested … prescribing information) were more effective than those taken at a lower dose (usually one-half of the standard … None of the studies used an acceptable standard or scale for defining severity. … intensified) use of PPIs are needed to better understand their efficacy compared to an established standard

135. PHS 398 (Rev. 9/04), Continuation Page (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/upenn-final-report-2005-certs-ce-supplement.pdf
     January 01, 2005 - administrative dataset of 1999-2000 Medicaid and Medicare data using expert medical record review as the gold standard … As medical record validation was deemed the gold standard, this definition was used during the review … abstractors’/co-PI’s determination of validity (via medical record review) was considered the gold standard … Positive predictive value (PPV) was defined as the probability that the gold standard determined positivity

136. PHS 398 (Rev. 9/04), Continuation Page (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/administrative-data-validity_research.pdf
     January 01, 2007 - administrative dataset of 1999-2000 Medicaid and Medicare data using expert medical record review as the gold standard … As medical record validation was deemed the gold standard, this definition was used during the review … abstractors’/co-PI’s determination of validity (via medical record review) was considered the gold standard … Positive predictive value (PPV) was defined as the probability that the gold standard determined positivity

137. Use of a Clinical Pathway To Facilitate the Translation and Utilization of AHRQ EPC Report Findings (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/clinical-pathway-methods-report.pdf
     December 01, 2018 - AHRQ EPC report on the Early Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Clostridium difficile in our standard … We found that the AHRQ EPC Report served as an evidence standard and was particularly valuable given … In this respect, the EPC report served as an evidence standard. … Our center has developed standard approaches to searching for pathways (Appendix A). … Instead we present a table listing the guidelines and how they are rated on each standard.

138. White Paper_Machine Learning Tools To (Semi-)Automate Evidence Synthesis: A Rapid Review and Evidence Map (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/machine-learning-tools-white-paper.pdf
     December 01, 2024 - We included 56 studies, which evaluated the performance of tools primarily relative to standard human … When possible, the reference standard and results of the manual process are given. … The reference standard for data extraction and risk of bias assessment is either the extracted data … All were compared to a reference standard of citations in the final report. … but may still be the best available reference standard; and consistently reporting outcomes.

139. Executive summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 276: Diagnosis and Management of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders in Children (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-276-ocd-executive-summary.pdf
     December 01, 2024 - from: (1) Studies related to the diagnostic accuracy of brief assessment tools compared to reference standard … addresses two Key Questions (KQs): KQ 1: How accurate are brief assessment tools compared to reference standard … We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the SoE using standard methods.

140. Schedule of Visits and Use of Telemedicine for Routine Antenatal Care: A Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antenatal-care.pdf
     January 01, 2020 - Study Eligibility Criteria Key Question 1 Population • Pregnant individuals receiving routine / standard … † Within the context of standard antenatal care. 10 IV. … In other words, we will focus on the care received that is usual or standard pregnancy care, regardless … As has become standard for our Center, we will take advantage of the machine learning capacities of … Alternative versus standard packages of antenatal care for low-risk pregnancy.