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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-meta-analysis.ppt
June 01, 2012 - Meta-analysis of Test Performance Evidence When There is a “Gold Standard” Reference Standard
Meta-analysis … Meta-analysis of test performance when there is a “gold standard.” … Meta-analysis of test performance when there is a “gold standard.” … Meta-analysis of test performance when there is a “gold standard.” … Gold Standard: A reference standard that is considered adequate in defining the presence or absence of
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-meta-analysis.ppt
June 01, 2012 - Meta-analysis of Test Performance Evidence When There is a “Gold Standard” Reference Standard
Meta-analysis … Meta-analysis of test performance when there is a “gold standard.” … Meta-analysis of test performance when there is a “gold standard.” … Meta-analysis of test performance when there is a “gold standard.” … Gold Standard: A reference standard that is considered adequate in defining the presence or absence of
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
June 01, 2012 - Recognize settings where the reference standard may be imperfect (i.e., no “gold standard”)
Describe … An “imperfect reference standard” is a reference standard test that misclassifies “true” status at a … lead to reference standard bias. … The “perfect” reference standard is the “gold standard.” … Imperfect Reference Standard Scenario (1 of 2)
The simplest example of an imperfect reference standard
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
June 01, 2012 - Recognize settings where the reference standard may be imperfect (i.e., no “gold standard”)
Describe … An “imperfect reference standard” is a reference standard test that misclassifies “true” status at a … lead to reference standard bias. … The “perfect” reference standard is the “gold standard.” … Imperfect Reference Standard Scenario (1 of 2)
The simplest example of an imperfect reference standard
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/evidence-summary-cer-202-bronchial-thermoplasty-asthma.pdf
December 01, 2017 - Key Messages
• BT along with standard medical
management, compared to medical
management alone, may … • BT along with standard medical
management, compared to a similar
procedure without the heat (sham … • Evidence as to whether patients treated with BT and
standard care versus standard care alone experienced … than in the
standard care only group, the clinical importance of the
difference is unclear. … • •Patients treated with BT and standard care had fewer
emergency department (ED) visits compared
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-review-no-touch-modalities.pdf
May 01, 2022 - Another pre/post study15 compared UVL + standard cleaning (bleach) to standard cleaning
and found no … *Standard cleaning
protocol not explicitly
described. … % of rooms contaminated with
CD:
• Before standard cleaning:
31.8% (7/22)
• After standard cleaning … Phase II: (24 rooms)
Standard terminal
cleaning* vs. … Standard
cleaning + Solid Copper Surfaces +
Copper Linens
*Standard cleaning involved
quaternary
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-performance_methods.pdf
July 01, 2012 - Diagnostic Accuracy, or the Case of the “Perfect” Reference Standard
A “perfect” reference standard … Parameterization when the reference standard is assumed “perfect” (“gold standard”)
Reference Standard … reference standard is a perfect reflection of the truth. … There is no “perfect” reference standard for
9-9
OSA. … Identifying (Defining) the Reference Standard
One consideration is what reference standard is most
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-bias_methods.pdf
July 01, 2012 - Reference Standard and Verification Procedure
Inappropriate reference
standard
Errors of imperfect … Risk: Low/High/Unclear
Domain 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standard likely to correctly … (Yes/No/Unclear)
Did all patients receive a reference standard? … (Yes/No/Unclear)
Did all patients receive the same reference standard? … NO: Not all relatives receive verification via the reference standard.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer18-heart-disease-ace-inhibitor-arb-executive.pdf
October 01, 2009 - medical therapy when compared to
standard medical therapy alone? … medical therapy when compared to
standard medical therapy alone? … . standard medical
therapy alone (with or without a placebo). … medical
therapy when compared to standard medical therapy alone? … medical therapy when compared to standard medical therapy alone?
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/white-paper-library-asthma.pdf
April 01, 2019 - days, asthma-related quality of life, medication adherence), condition
specific instruments and/or standard
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-2.pdf
February 01, 2018 - ► SMD is computed as the mean effect divided by a pooled estimate of the
standard error, putting … all estimates on the same scale (i.e., standard
deviations) … Where:
mT = mean of treatment group
mC = mean of control group
Spooled = pooled standard error
5. … • The correlation between the two study arms must be considered
when computing standard errors.5
► … Generally the correlation is positive, resulting in smaller SEs than in a
standard parallel trial.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/heart-disease-ace-inhibitor-arb_surveillance.pdf
July 06, 2015 - medical therapy when compared to standard medical therapy alone? … medical therapy when compared
to standard medical therapy alone? … Trials compared the addition of ACE inhibitors or
ARBs to standard medical therapy vs. standard medical … medical therapy when compared to standard medical therapy alone? … Trials compared the addition of ACE
inhibitors or ARBs to standard
medical therapy vs. standard medical
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-risk-bias.ppt
June 01, 2012 - Reference standard and verification procedure
Inappropriate reference standard Errors of imperfect reference … (Risk: Low/High/Unclear)
Domain 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standard likely to correctly … (Yes/No/Unclear)
Did all patients receive a reference standard? … (Yes/No/Unclear)
Did all patients receive the same reference standard? … NO: Not all relatives receive verification via the reference standard.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-risk-bias.ppt
June 01, 2012 - Reference standard and verification procedure
Inappropriate reference standard Errors of imperfect reference … (Risk: Low/High/Unclear)
Domain 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standard likely to correctly … (Yes/No/Unclear)
Did all patients receive a reference standard? … (Yes/No/Unclear)
Did all patients receive the same reference standard? … NO: Not all relatives receive verification via the reference standard.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/skin-substitute_0.pdf
October 03, 2019 - Are there some basic treatments that should constitute standard of care for specific ulcer
types (e.g … of care
Standard of care plus synthetic dressings,
growth factors, skin grafts
Other acceptable … of care Studies not administering similar standard
of care or not describing standard of care
Study … treatments used as a
comparison
Other skin substitute
product
Standard of care
Standard of care … treatments used as a
comparison
Other skin substitute
product
Standard of care
Standard of care
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/white-paper-lung-cancer.pdf
August 01, 2021 - ICHOM, which convenes working
groups and develops standard sets of outcomes and risk factors for multiple … medical conditions,
produced a standard set of outcome measures for use in lung cancer in 2016.4 ICHOM … Defining a standard set of patient-centered outcomes for lung cancer.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ptsd-6-protocol.pdf
December 07, 2024 - Comparison Score Difference 1 Standard Error
119. … Comparison Score Difference 2 Standard Error
128. … Arm 1 Baseline Measure Score Standard Deviation
8. … Arm 1 Follow-up Measure Score Standard Deviation
14. … Arm 2 Baseline Measure Score Standard Deviation
21.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/chronic-kidney-disease-anemia_research.pdf
January 01, 2013 - Outcomes:
• There is a lack of a generally accepted reference standard test for
determining iron … To compare the test performance among medical tests, a common reference standard is
needed. … The most effective first step would
be to establish a common reference standard for iron deficiency … The ideal reference
standard should be independent of the index tests and test-directed treatment to … Not rated
(descriptive
data)
• There is a lack of generally accepted reference standard tests for
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-202-thermoplasty-comments.pdf
December 14, 2017 - We note the improved quality of life
(AQLQ) with BT and standard care
compared to standard care alone … Evidence for change in rescue
medication usage favored the BT and
standard care over standard care … The
strength of evidence for the BT and
standard care vs. sham and standard
care comparison was low … to
standard care alone. … For the comparison of BT and standard
care to bronchoscopy without
thermoplasty (sham) and standard
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-249-malnutrition-hospitalized-adults-evidence-summary_0.pdf
October 01, 2021 - Second, is the need to establish an accepted reference gold standard for diagnosing
malnutrition in … Technical Expert
Panel (TEP), we recognized that there currently is no universally agreed upon gold
standard … modalities to
quantify and evalute body composition (i.e., muscle and adipose tissues) as the gold
standard … and SGA as a semi-gold standard for classifying malnutrition. … Consensus regarding
objective measures to define a gold standard for diagnosing malnutrition are critical