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1. Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/osteoporosis-screening
   January 14, 2025 - In the fifth study, authors reported no association between change in spine, total hip, or femoral neck … Comparison of fracture risk assessment tools in older men without prior hip or spine fracture: the MrOS … Oral alendronate induces progressive increases in bone mass of the spine, hip, and total body over 3 … osteoporotic fractures, which were defined as clinical fractures excluding hand, foot, skull, or cervical vertebrae … or femoral neck −2.0 to −3.5 k ; or lumbar spine or femoral neck −1.0 to −3.5 k with prior MOF 60

2. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/R_cAa3AjFGQ2np_aQnzQGA
   February 11, 2025 - osteoporotic fractures, which were defined as clinical fractures excluding hand, foot, skull, or cervical vertebrae … >−3.5 10 mg/d;1 y 4, 5 Bell et al,183 2002 Fair 65 100 66 (NR) African Americanb: 100 NR Lumbar spine … ≥−2.5 5, 10, or 20 mg weekly; 2 y 5 Thiebaud et al,207 1997 Fair 126 100 64 (NR) NR 0 Lumbar spine … In the fifth study, authors reported no association between change in spine, total hip, or femoral neck … Oral alendronate induces progressive increases in bone mass of the spine, hip, and total body over 3

3. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary1/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
   June 26, 2018 - Quantitative ultrasound predicts hip and non-spine fracture in men: the MrOS study. … fracture Thoracolumbar vertebra, spine Women 3 69 , 79 , 80 , 85 (n = 30,837) 50-95 0.61- … adjusted) c Men 1 83 (n = 445) ≥60 0.75 (adjusted) c Hip fracture Thoracolumbar vertebra … vertebra, spine Women 2 79 , 80 , 85 (n = 30,072) 53-61; 50-95 0.66-0.68 (unadjusted) … Vertebral, spine fracture Thoracolumbar vertebra, spine Women 2 79 , 80 , 85 (n = 30,072)

4. Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2kM7LY6ccceVo8bmdUXhYm
   September 01, 2002 - Testing in the forearm, hip, spine, or heel generally identifies different groups of patients. … Elliot, 199337 Cross- 320 Yes Spine BMD: age, weight, Low lumbar spine and Lumbar spine: sensitivity … Spine. 1997;22(suppl 24):2S-11S. 6. Consensus Development Conference. … Quantitative CT assessment of the lumbar spine and radius in patients with osteoporosis. … Bone mineral density predicts non-spine fractures in very elderly women.

5. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/osteoporosis-screening-2002
   September 17, 2002 - Testing in the forearm, hip, spine, or heel generally identifies different groups of patients. … Spine 1997;22(24 Suppl):2S-11S. 6. … Quantitative CT assessment of the lumbar spine and radius in patients with osteoporosis. … Bone mineral density predicts non-spine fractures in very elderly women. … Lumbar spine: 61% low, 45% high.

6. Archived: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/postmenopausal-osteoporosis-screening-1996
   January 01, 1996 - evaluating the trabecular bone density in locations beneath large amounts of soft tissue (e.g., lumbar vertebrae … accurate in examining the anatomy and density of transverse sections and trabecular regions within the spine … postmenopausal women with low bone density are at increased risk for subsequent fractures of the hip, vertebrae … dual energy absorptiometry and dual photon absorptiometry for bone mineral measurements of the lumbar spine … Bone mineral content of the lumbar spine in normal and osteoporotic women: cross-sectional and longitudinal

7. Clinical Summary: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ShJmbuCXvmGjpnvyyR9PH_
   The most commonly used test is central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine

8. Screening for Osteoporosis: Clinical Summary of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/gAqZddz9msR33tXRy9MtX7
   Current diagnostic and treatment criteria rely on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the hip and lumbar spine

9. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary6/osteoporosis-screening-2011
   July 06, 2010 - Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the BMD at the spine, hip, or wrist is 2.5 or more SDs below the reference … for men evaluated the effects of parathyroid hormone in men with osteoporosis (baseline BMD lumbar spine … Calcaneal QUS using various types of devices can predict fractures of the femoral neck, hip, or spine … Quantitative ultrasound predicts hip and non-spine fracture in men: the MrOS study. … ; DEXA femoral neck; QUS stiffness; QUS stiffness plus DEXA spine; QUS stiffness plus DEXA femoral neck

10. Screening for Osteoporosis: An Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RPB3rmcS9CK_eXPdzXSxZg
    July 01, 2010 - Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the BMD at the spine, hip, or wrist is 2.5 or more SDs below the reference … Calcaneal QUS using various types of devices can predict fractures of the femoral neck, hip, or spine … individuals focus on QUS Findings: Calcaneal QUS predicts fractures of the femoral neck, hip, or spine … Quantitative ultra­ sound predicts hip and non-spine fracture in men: the MrOS study. … BUA; QUS SOS Not reported 1.90 (1.36–2.66); 1.62 (1.26–2.08) Alexandersen et al, 1034 All DEXA spine

11. Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening
    November 18, 2021 - DXA measurement of BMD at the femoral neck (T-scores based on NHANES III reference range) or lumbar spine … accuracy: DXA-measured BMD at the femoral neck (T-scores based on NHANES III reference range) or lumbar spine

12. Archived: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
    June 26, 2018 - The most commonly used test is central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine … The most commonly used test is central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine … Central DXA measures BMD at the hip and lumbar spine. … fractures. 9 , 12 The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as bone density at the hip or spine … Central DXA uses radiation to measure BMD at central bone sites (hip and lumbar spine), which is the

13. Medicines to Help Prevent Breast Cancer: Let's Talk About It (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/breast-cancer-risk-reduction-discussion-guide_3.pdf
    September 01, 2019 - In addition, some of these medicines may also lower the chance of breaking a bone, such as the spine

14. Medicines to Help Prevent Breast Cancer: Let's Talk About It (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/breast-cancer-risk-reduction-discussion-guide.pdf
    September 01, 2019 - In addition, some of these medicines may also lower the chance of breaking a bone, such as the spine

15. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2011
    January 15, 2011 - Current diagnostic and treatment criteria rely on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the hip and lumbar spine … The most commonly used tests are dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine and … commonly used bone measurement tests used to screen for osteoporosis are DXA of the hip and lumbar spine … Quantitative ultrasonography of the calcaneus predicts fractures of the femoral neck, hip, and spine

16. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ffNDS7ekxovstoCxxtLJVt
    February 13, 2018 - The most commonly used test is central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine … Central DXA measures BMD at the hip and lumbar spine. … The most commonly used test is central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine … of fractures.9,12 The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as bone density at the hip or spine … Central DXA uses radiation to measure BMD at central bone sites (hip and lumbar spine), which is the

17. Recommendation: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening
    January 14, 2025 - Organization defined osteoporosis in postmenopausal White women as bone density at the hip or lumbar spine … in most healthy persons. 8 Major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) is defined as a fracture of the hip, spine … is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at a central site (eg, total hip, femoral neck, or lumbar spine … exposure to glucocorticoids and alcohol use (yes/no vs quantified dose exposure), lack of use of lumbar spine … Comparison of fracture risk assessment tools in older men without prior hip or spine fracture: the MrOS

18. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hhrqMCEgbsBMJ_Ppbcp4yJ
    January 14, 2025 - Organization defined osteoporosis in post- menopausal White women as bone density at the hip or lumbar spine … Major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) is defined as a fracture of the hip, spine, wrist, or shoulder. … is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at a central site (eg, total hip, femoral neck, or lumbar spine … Screening Tests and Risk Assessment BMD Central DXA measures BMD at central bone sites (hip and lumbar spine … Comparison of fracture risk assessment tools in older men without prior hip or spine fracture: the MrOS

19. Screening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pskqLZMFcHjhtEF75uG4AP
    January 01, 2012 - Internal Medicine Volume 154 • Number 5 www.annals.org Annals of Internal Medicine hip and lumbar spine … commonly used bone measurement tests used to screen for osteoporosis are DXA of the hip and lumbar spine … Quantitative ultrasonography of the cal- caneus predicts fractures of the femoral neck, hip, and spine

20. Evidence Gaps Research Taxonomy Table: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kHT3WGUaG2wTz2pF_ke7bn
    DXA-measured BMD at the femoral neck (T- scores based on NHANES III reference range) or lumbar spine