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41. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, 2008 Update: References for Studies in Meta-analyses (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/clinicians-providers/guidelines-recommendations/tobacco/clinicians/references/meta/meta-analyses-refs.pdf
    January 01, 2007 - Self- help interventions for older smokers. Tob Control 1997;6(3):188-93. … Successful treatment of smokers with a broad-spectrum behavioral approach. … Successful treatment of smokers with a broad-spectrum behavioral approach. … Efficacy of nicotine patch in smokers with a history of alcoholism. … Efficacy of nicotine patch in smokers with a history of alcoholism.

42. 132. Treatment Recommendations: Medications-Nicotine Gum | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/presentations/2008update-full/slide132.html
    October 01, 2014 - contraindications and side effects (see FDA package insert for complete list) Pregnancy-Pregnant smokers … Nicotine gum has not been shown to be effective for treating tobacco dependence in pregnant smokers. … Smokers should use at least 1 piece every 1 to 2 hours for the first six weeks and the gum should be

43. Reducing Hospital Readmission Rates by Implementing an Inpatient Tobacco Cessation Service Driven by Interactive Voice Recognition Technology | Digital Healthcare Research
    digital.ahrq.gov/ahrq-funded-projects/reducing-hospital-readmission-rates-implementing-inpatient-tobacco-cessation
    January 01, 2023 - The study included acute care patients identified as smokers admitted and discharged from the Medical … At 30 days post-discharge, smokers exposed to the TDTS were significantly less likely to be readmitted … to the hospital compared to smokers who did not receive the intervention. … The average savings per smoker exposed to the TDTS was $7,299. … The TDTS cost per smoker was modest by comparison at $34.21 per smoker.

44. 138. Treatment Recommendations: Medications-Nicotine Lozenge | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/presentations/2008update-full/slide138.html
    October 01, 2014 - contraindications and side effects (see FDA package insert for complete list) Pregnancy-Pregnant smokers … The nicotine lozenge has not been shown to be effective for treating tobacco dependence for pregnant smokers … Generally, smokers should use at least 9 lozenges per day in the first six weeks.

45. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/references/quickref/index.html
    October 01, 2014 - If the patient is a member of a special population (e.g., adolescent, pregnant smoker, racial/ethnic … Other smokers in the household . … Quitting is more difficult when there is another smoker in the household. … The average smoker lives 10 years less than non-smokers. … Effective treatments have now been identified and should be used with every current and former smoker

46. Tobacco Use | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/topics/tobacco-use.html
    Cigarette Smoking in the United States Five Major Steps to Intervention (The "5 A's") Help for Smokers

47. Archived: Evidence Summary: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary4/lung-cancer-screening-december-2013
    July 30, 2013 - Approximately 20% of Americans currently are smokers, and many more are former smokers 12 ; thus, lung … Lung carcinoma in former smokers. Cancer . 1996;78:1004-10. … CT ( n = 1276) vs. annual clinic review (n = 96) Mean age: 64.3 vs. 64.6 y Current smoker … y (SD, 6), smoking history of 15 cigarettes/d for >25 y or >10 cigarettes/d for >30 y and if former smoker … smokers: 42 vs. 42 Never smokers: 45 vs. 44 NLST-eligible: 20 vs. 21 Family history:

48. Systems Change: Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/decisionmakers/systems/index.html
    December 01, 2012 - evidence indicates that institutional or systems support (e.g., adequate clinician training or automated smoker … every patient regardless of the reason for the visit. a System implementation steps: Routine smoker … to continuing smokers. 395 The authors found that, by the seventh year, former smokers' cumulative … woman who quits smoking during pregnancy. 408 Another study showed that, for each low-income pregnant smoker … Performance Improvement, National Quality Forum, Ambulatory Quality Alliance), 89 , 412-414 which support smoker

49. Intervention Tracking (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/evidencenow/results/research/intervention-tracking-worksheet-mw.pdf
    May 19, 2016 - aspirin for primary prevention in appropriate patients Reminder for intervention in tobacco users or smokers … pressure List of patients needing cholesterol measurement and/or treatment List of tobacco users/smokers … to patients who need cholesterol measurement or statin prescription Outreach to tobacco users or smokers

50. 20. Final Selected Topics (Continued) | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/presentations/2008update-full/slide20.html
    October 01, 2014 - Effectiveness of cessation interventions for adolescent smokers. … Effectiveness of cessation interventions for pregnant smokers.

51. Psn-Pdf (pdf file)
    psnet.ahrq.gov/node/49859/psn-pdf
    April 01, 2019 - other forms of pharmacotherapy.(6) Regardless of location, however, no health care provider wants a smoker … Most COPD is caused by smoking and most smokers with COPD are highly nicotine dependent. … improved pulmonary function and quality of life.(8,9) Understandably, this highly addicted former smoker … Keeping those former smokers from relapsing to smoking is a priority of good medical care. … Evidence for harm reduction in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes.

52. Archived: Evidence Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening-2016
    April 05, 2016 - The LFQ assigns scores to age; smoking history (pack-years, never/current/former smoker); and presence … Symptom-based questionnaire for identifying COPD in smokers. … Efficacy of confronting smokers with airflow limitation for smoking cessation. … Smoking characteristics: differences in attitudes and dependence between healthy smokers and smokers … 35 (13.0) c , e Parkes et al, 41 2008 561 Aged ≥35 y; patient record indicates was a smoker

53. 116. Treatment Recommendations: Counseling (Continued) | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/presentations/2008update-full/slide116.html
    October 01, 2014 - For Smokers Not Willing To Make A Quit Attempt At This Time Recommendation: Motivational intervention … Therefore, clinicians should use motivational techniques to encourage smokers who are not currently willing

54. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-february-2005
    February 15, 2005 - and never smokers by age. … Selective screening for AAAs only in current smokers, and not former smokers, is too restrictive, since … ) + (1- smoking prevalence) x (AAA prevalence in never smokers)] Ever smokers AAAs in ever smokers … The key variable in this model is the relative prevalence of AAAs in ever smokers versus never smokers … with ever smokers.

55. 196. Specific Populations and Other Topics (Continued) | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/presentations/2008update-full/slide196.html
    October 01, 2014 - of effectiveness of tobacco dependence interventions in specific populations Population of Smokers … Review of Evidence Older smokers Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the "4 A's

56. 10. Final Selected Topics | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/presentations/2008update-overview/slide10.html
    October 01, 2014 - Tobacco use interventions for adolescent smokers. … Tobacco use interventions for pregnant smokers.

57. Update on Methods: Insufficient Evidence - Table 5 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/update-on-methods-insufficient-evidence---table-5
    February 01, 2009 - Suspicious lung lesions are identified by CT screening in about 13% of at-risk individuals, such as ever-smokers … mammograms. 28 Costs The costs of creating the infrastructure to deliver this service to all smokers … and ex-smokers would be large.

58. 49. What's New in 2008? 2000 Recommendations Changed for 2008 (Continued) | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/presentations/2008update-full/slide49.html
    October 01, 2014 - Guideline Update: Recommendation #1: Counseling has been shown to be effective in treatment of adolescent smokers … Therefore, adolescent smokers should be provided with counseling interventions to aid them in quitting

59. 195. Specific Populations and Other Topics (Continued) | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/presentations/2008update-full/slide195.html
    October 01, 2014 - of effectiveness of tobacco dependence interventions in specific populations Population of Smokers … Evidence Medical comorbidities Tobacco use treatments have been shown to be effective among smokers

60. Studies in Meta-analyses (continued, 3) | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/prevention/guidelines/tobacco/clinicians/references/meta/meta03.html
    December 01, 2012 - Acupuncture for smokers: lack of long-term therapeutic effect in a controlled study. … Smoking cessation, clonidine, and vulnerability to nicotine among dependent smokers. … Heavy smokers, smoking cessation, and clonidine. Results of a double-blind, randomized trial. … Double blind trial of repeated treatment with transdermal nicotine for relapsed smokers. … Efficacy of nicotine patch in smokers with a history of alcoholism.