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81. Evidence Summary: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/lung-cancer-screening
    March 09, 2021 - LDCT screening with increasing intervals compared with no screening for high-risk current and former smokers … NLST and NELSON results are generally applicable to high-risk current and former smokers aged 50 to 74 … years, but participants were younger, more highly educated, less likely to be current smokers than the … Emphysema progression is visually detectable in low-dose CT in continuous but not in former smokers. … Annual or biennial CT screening versus observation in heavy smokers: 5-year results of the MILD trial

82. Screening for Bladder Cancer in Adults - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/C6gCSoknL3qd32EDovsUsh
    November 01, 2004 - increases the risk for bladder cancer; about 50% of all cases of bladder cancer occur in current or former smokers … Smokers should be counseled on quitting smoking.

83. Final Research Plan: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan102/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
    May 15, 2014 - impact of targeted preventive services in this population (e.g., false reassurance for screen-negative smokers … hospitalization); adverse events reported by ≥5% of the study population; false reassurance for screen-negative smokers

84. Archived: Final Research Plan: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan102/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening-2016
    May 15, 2014 - impact of targeted preventive services in this population (e.g., false reassurance for screen-negative smokers … hospitalization); adverse events reported by ≥5% of the study population; false reassurance for screen-negative smokers

85. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommends Against Screening for COPD (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/copdscreeningdraftrsbulletin.pdf
    September 14, 2015 - More than 70 percent of people with current COPD are current or former smokers.

86. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/gAeREhxP8hCrF_Nmhg44ZJ
    June 01, 2014 - Older male smokers have the highest risk of developing an AAA. … An “ever smoker” is a person who has smoked at least 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime. … you are concerned about your risk for AAA, talk with your doctor or nurse, especially if you are a smoker

87. Modeling Study: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-study/lung-cancer-screening
    March 09, 2021 - They also found that the lung cancer risk for current smokers with 20 to 29 pack-years is comparable … with that of former smokers eligible for screening based on the 2013 USPSTF–recommended criteria. … Lung cancer risk and demographic characteristics of current 20-29 pack-year smokers: implications for … Evaluation of USPSTF lung cancer screening guidelines among African American adult smokers. … Variations in lung cancer risk among smokers.

88. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force New Draft Recommendation: Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use Among Youth (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/tbacbulletin.pdf
    December 11, 2012 - youth ages 12 to 17 years smoke their first cigarette, and 1,000 children under age 18 become daily smokers

89. Screening for Lung Cancer (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mxUT9xnELKAokKcqp92QoW
    August 03, 2020 - are at high risk for developing the disease because of age and because they are a current or former smoker … screening—as people who: • are age 50 to 80, and • have a history of heavy smoking, and • are either current smokers

90. Archived: Lung Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - Of the initial 31,360 screening x-rays of asymptomatic smokers in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) … Program examined the efficacy of dual screening (chest x-ray and sputum cytology) in over 30,000 male smokers … No organizations currently recommend routine screening of either the general population or of smokers

91. Routine Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer: Update of the Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials 1999–2002 (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dKPBY-h5PbactdPHgVHbz_
    June 01, 2003 - The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers … Dietary and serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol, and risk for colorectal cancer in male smokers … Serum alpha-tocopherol and subsequent risk of lung cancer among male smokers. … of beta-carotene on incidence of malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, or death among current smokers … PRIMARY RESULTS The ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group.7 RCT; male smokers from southwestern Finland

92. Archived: Peripheral Arterial Disease: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/peripheral-arterial-disease-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - ambulation and the overall quality of life. 1 , 5 Persons at increased risk for PAD include cigarette smokers … Clinicians should be alert to symptoms of PAD in persons at increased risk (persons over age 50, smokers

93. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement on Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use Among Youth (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/tobaccokidsbulletin.pdf
    August 26, 2013 - of 12 and 17 years smoke their first cigarette, and 1,000 children under the age of 18 become daily smokers

94. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommends Against Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/copdscreeningfinalrsbulletin.pdf
    April 05, 2016 - More than 70 percent of people with COPD are current or former smokers.

95. Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/YSj5xRQc9DroH8gpUYsoFA
    December 01, 2007 - The participants had a generally high cardiovascular risk: Approximately 50% were current ciga- rette smokers … Carotid artery stenosis is more prevalent in older adults, smokers, persons with hypertension, and persons … Poor Aspirin group: 14 Men: 72% CEA group: 3/15 CEA group: 15 HTN: 69% DM: 14% Hyperlipidemia: 10% Smoker … : 36 White: 100% in aspirin group, 97.2% in CEA group HTN: 63% DM: 14%–19% Hyperlipidemia: 44%–66% Smoker … CEA group: 211 Mean age: 65 y Men: 100% White: 86%–88% HTN: 63%–64% DM: 27%–30% Hyperlipidemia: NR Smoker

96. Archived: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bladder-cancer-adults-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - Cigarette smoking markedly increases the risk for bladder cancer (relative risk among smokers vs. nonsmokers … = 1.5-7) 4 , 5 nearly half of all new cases of bladder cancer occur in current or former smokers. 2 … cigarettes should be advised that smoking significantly increases the risk for bladder cancer, and all smokers

97. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Primary Care Interventions for Prevention and Cessation of Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/tobacco-use-children-draft-rec-bulletin_0.pdf
    July 22, 2019 - Nearly 90 percent of smokers try their first cigarette before they are 18 years old.

98. Evaluation of the Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TVsn4SVh_jtaeqSTyrz-Gp
    March 09, 2021 - They also found that the lung cancer risk for current smokers with 20 to 29 pack- years is comparable … with that of former smokers eligible for screen- ing based on the 2013 USPSTF–recommended criteria. … Lung cancer risk and demographic characteristics of current 20-29 pack-year smokers: implications for … Evaluation of USPSTF lung cancer screening guidelines among African American adult smokers. … Variations in lung cancer risk among smokers.

99. Evidence Summary: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/impaired-visual-acuity-screening-older-adults
    May 24, 2022 - increased risk of genitourinary events and beta carotene with increased risk of lung cancer in former smokers … Almost all (91%) of the lung cancers occurred in former smokers. … , recommendations 75 for current and former smokers are to avoid the AREDS formula with beta carotene … Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers versus former smokers … (2.0% vs 0.9%, P = .04); almost all (91%) of the lung cancers in this analysis occurred in former smokers

100. Draft Recommendation: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening1
     November 02, 2021 - Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD in the United States. 1 About 15% of current smokers … and 8% of former smokers report being diagnosed with COPD compared with 3% of adults who have never smoked … Current smokers (regardless of whether COPD is diagnosed or not) should receive smoking cessation counseling