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61. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence - Patients Not Ready To Make A Quit Attempt Now (The “5 R’s”) (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cjWWvkNrCHGUqu4jScs8Ak
    October 05, 2005 - Most smokers make several quit attempts before they suc- cessfully quit for good.

62. Archived: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling-february-2014
    February 15, 2014 - The baseline population (smokers and workers who had been exposed to asbestos) was at high risk for lung … described previously, 2 trials reported increased risk for lung cancer and lung cancer mortality in smokers … , especially heavy smokers. … . β-Carotene has been associated with a statistically significant increased risk for lung cancer in smokers … Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers versus former smokers

63. JAMA (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2DGd8AvVMTJwP3ttrPcnLL
    February 25, 2020 - go on to smoke into adulthood.36 Immediate adverse health effects in child and adolescent cigarette smokers … , while 5 trials enrolled both smokers and nonsmokers but reported results by baseline smok- ing status … Brief motivational intervention for adolescent smokers in medical settings. … Smoking cessation study in healthy adolescent smokers [NCT01312909]. ClinicalTrials.gov. … Pfizer reports top-line results from a study of Chantix®/Champix® (varenicline) in adolescent smokers

64. Screening for Lung Cancer (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KsRfT_uSd7J6WeXmbvbkav
    December 01, 2013 - Adults between 55 and 80 years old who are at high risk for lung cancer because they are current heavy smokers … are 55 through 80 years old, and • have a history of heavy smoking, and • are either current smokers … For example, this recommendation applies only to a certain group of adult smokers.

65. 2Xrg8Dz2Eegvwyurrthgmd (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2XRG8Dz2EegVWYUrRThgmD
    October 01, 2015 - Many tools are available to help smokers quit, including counsel- ing by health care providers, telephone … Smoking cessation interventions for smokers with current or past depression. … A review of smoking cessation interventions for smokers aged 50 and older. … Nicotine gum for pregnant smokers: a randomized con- trolled trial. … Nicotine patches for pregnant smokers: a randomized controlled study.

66. Archived: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bladder-cancer-screening-2004
    June 07, 2004 - increases the risk for bladder cancer; about 50% of all cases of bladder cancer occur in current or former smokers … Smokers should be counseled on quitting smoking.

67. Recommendation: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-and-nicotine-use-prevention-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions
    April 28, 2020 - on to smoke into adulthood. 36 Immediate adverse health effects in child and adolescent cigarette smokers … , while 5 trials enrolled both smokers and nonsmokers but reported results by baseline smoking status … Brief motivational intervention for adolescent smokers in medical settings. … Smoking cessation study in healthy adolescent smokers. [NCT01312909] ClinicalTrials.gov. … Pfizer reports top-line results from a study of Chantix®/Champix® (varenicline) in adolescent smokers

68. Archived: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-2014
    June 23, 2014 - Consuming 100 or more cigarettes is commonly used in epidemiologic literature to define an “ever-smoker … for harm before screening for AAA rather than routinely offering screening to all male never-smokers … but increased to 2.0% for current smokers. 9 A meta-analysis of individual-patient data found that … However, the prevalence of AAA in male and female smokers does not seem to have declined. … In response to the comments received, the USPSTF clarified the definition of an “ever-smoker.”

69. Final Research Plan: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan88/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
    February 18, 2014 - is the efficacy and safety of electronic cigarettes as an aid for smoking cessation in current adult smokers … tobacco through a hookah or waterpipe   Population Adults (age ≥18 years) who are current smokers

70. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/VDWq8DBhvXBQBWTUw2hq7g
    April 01, 2016 - More than 70 percent of COPD cases occur among current or former cigarette smokers. … of screening adults who do not have symptoms of COPD is to improve health outcomes or to encourage smokers

71. Archived: Final Research Plan: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan88/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions-september-2015
    February 18, 2014 - is the efficacy and safety of electronic cigarettes as an aid for smoking cessation in current adult smokers … through a hookah or waterpipe   Population Adults (age ≥18 years) who are current smokers

72. Evidence Summary: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary21/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling
    February 03, 2014 - Neither vitamin E nor β-carotene prevented CVD or cancer, and β-carotene increased lung cancer risk in smokers … We found a probable increase in lung cancer incidence in high-risk subgroups (smokers and asbestos workers … (general population or physicians) and female nurses; individuals with hypercholesterolemia; male smokers … for lung cancer and related deaths Consistent Moderate-to-high: Increased risk for lung cancer (smokers … Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers versus former smokers

73. Archived: Evidence Summary: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary21/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling-february-2014
    February 03, 2014 - Neither vitamin E nor β-carotene prevented CVD or cancer, and β-carotene increased lung cancer risk in smokers … We found a probable increase in lung cancer incidence in high-risk subgroups (smokers and asbestos workers … (general population or physicians) and female nurses; individuals with hypercholesterolemia; male smokers … for lung cancer and related deaths Consistent Moderate-to-high: Increased risk for lung cancer (smokers … Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers versus former smokers

74. JAMA (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/WN7F3WW6RQFDkHay87a3Dx
    November 18, 2020 - tobacco/ data_statistics/fact_sheets/cessation/smoking-cessation-fast- facts/) • Tips From Former Smokers … It also recom- mends smoking cessation counseling for current smokers, shared decision-making about lung … Evaluation of USPSTF lung cancer screening guidelines among African American adult smokers. … Latino and Black smokers in the Health and Retirement Study are more likely to quit: the role of light … Variations in lung cancer risk among smokers.

75. Sacsr9Wnkmwkqw V9Kpdd (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_saCsr9WNkmwKqW_V9kPDd
    April 01, 2014 - The baseline population (smokers and workers who had been exposed to asbestos) was at high risk for lung … reported an increased risk for lung cancer (pooled odds ratio, 1.24 [CI, 1.10 to 1.39]) in current smokers … , especially heavy smokers. … �-Carotene has been associated with a statistically significant increased risk for lung cancer in smokers … Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers versus former smokers

76. Screening for Lung Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NaBk7mpgSEmpoBKmK5Qvzn
    November 18, 2020 - second most common cancer and the lead- a relative risk of lung cancer approximately 20-fold higher in smokers … It also recom- mends smoking cessation counseling for current smokers, shared decision-making about … Evaluation of USPSTF lung cancer screening guidelines among African American adult smokers. … Implications of nine risk prediction models for selecting ever-smokers for computed tomography lung … Variations in lung cancer risk among smokers.

77. Screening for Skin Cancer (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2fycG-t73pJzd9fZgtc-mg
    September 06, 2013 - Illnesses These services should be offered to patients regardless of COPD status: All current smokers

78. Ym2Epescwzwnpaamr78Shp (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Ym2epesCwZWNPaaMr78Shp
    August 01, 2014 - For the purposes of this recommendation, an “ever- smoker” is a person who has smoked at least 100 cigarettes … Status Smoking 100 or more cigarettes is commonly used in epidemiologic literature to define an “ever-smoker … but increased to 2.0% for current smokers (9). … However, prevalence in male and female smokers does not seem to have declined. … In response to the com- ments received, the USPSTF clarified the definition of an “ever-smoker.”

79. Archived: Tobacco Use in Adults and Pregnant Women: Counseling and Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions-2009
    April 15, 2009 - and pharmacotherapy delivered in primary care settings, are effective in increasing the proportion of smokers … cessation counseling sessions, augmented with messages and self-help materials tailored for pregnant smokers … total counseling contact time. 1 Helpful components of counseling include problem-solving guidance for smokers

80. Archived: Routine Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer: Update of the Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials 1999-2002*: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Counseling and Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/routine-vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-update-of-the-evidence-from-randomized-controlled-trials-19992002/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling-and-preventive-medication-2003
    June 15, 2003 - of beta-carotene on incidence of malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular disease or death among current smokers … ATBC Trial PRIMARY RESULTS The ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group. 7 RCT; Male smokers from southwestern … The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers … Dietary and serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol, and risk for colorectal cancer in male smokers … Serum alpha-tocopherol and subsequent risk of lung cancer among male smokers.