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41. Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/YSj5xRQc9DroH8gpUYsoFA
    December 01, 2007 - The participants had a generally high cardiovascular risk: Approximately 50% were current ciga- rette smokers … Carotid artery stenosis is more prevalent in older adults, smokers, persons with hypertension, and persons … Poor Aspirin group: 14 Men: 72% CEA group: 3/15 CEA group: 15 HTN: 69% DM: 14% Hyperlipidemia: 10% Smoker … : 36 White: 100% in aspirin group, 97.2% in CEA group HTN: 63% DM: 14%–19% Hyperlipidemia: 44%–66% Smoker … CEA group: 211 Mean age: 65 y Men: 100% White: 86%–88% HTN: 63%–64% DM: 27%–30% Hyperlipidemia: NR Smoker

42. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/B73a4kJhxeaYyXK6gozbbY
    May 24, 2022 - increased risk of genitourinary events and beta carotene with increased risk of lung cancer in former smokers … Almost all (91%) of the lung cancers oc- curred in former smokers. … , recommendations75 for current and former smokers are to avoid the AREDS formula with beta carotene, … (current smokers were excluded from the analysis) Evidence on harms of antioxidant vitamins and minerals … Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers versus former smokers

43. Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/uM5P-6XpsqVfEC2axGnZaD
    November 16, 2020 - Reaching midlife and older smokers: tailored interventions for routine medical care. … Health education for pregnant smokers: its behavioral impact and cost benefit. … A pilot study testing SMS text delivered scheduled gradual reduction to pregnant smokers. … Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and … Cardiovascular safety of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers: a randomized clinical

44. Screening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ghbfx9e3A6jQEqVW26y8Jv
    March 09, 2021 - LDCT screening with increasing intervals compared with no screening for high-risk current and former smokers … vs 1.01 for former smokers, P = .12).37 Both LUSI and NELSON reported a similar pattern for subgroups … NLST and NELSON results are generally applicable to high-risk current and former smokers aged 50 to 74 … Emphysema progression is visually detectable in low-dose CT in continuous but not in former smokers. … Annual or biennial CT screening versus observation in heavy smokers: 5-year results of the MILD trial

45. Archived: Evidence Summary: Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-statins/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
    November 13, 2016 - : 156 HDL-C: 45.8 (men), 58.3 (women) TC: 235 Triglycerides: 138 Diabetes: 2% Smoker … 15 White, 89 LDL-C: 150 HDL-C: 36 TC: 221 Triglycerides: 158 Diabetes: 3% Smoker … LVH: 14% Other ECG abnormalities: 14% PVD: 5% Other CVD: 4% Diabetes: 25% Smoker … 2010 58 38 White, 99 LDL-C: 122 HDL-C: 62 TC: 205 Triglycerides: 111 Smoker … , 13 LDL-C: 135 HDL-C: 48 TC: 215 Triglycerides: 164 Diabetes: 100% Current smoker

46. Recommendation: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
    May 10, 2022 - Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD in the US. 1 , 7 About 15% of current smokers and 8% … of former smokers report being diagnosed with COPD, compared with 3% of adults who have never smoked. … Current smokers (regardless of whether COPD is diagnosed) should receive smoking cessation counseling … smoking is the primary risk factor for COPD, the evidence reviewed, which included current and former smokers

47. Information for Professionals | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics/tools-and-resources-for-better-preventive-care
    General has said, “Smoking cessation [stopping smoking] represents the single most important step that smokers

48. Clinical Summary: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/ClinicalSummaryFinal/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
    December 10, 2019 - “Ever smoker” is commonly defined as smoking 100 or more cigarettes. Screen .

49. Behavioral Counseling Interventions: An Evidence-based Approach | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/behavioral-counseling-interventions-evidence-based-approach
    March 04, 2021 - volunteering for treatment (roughly 3 percent to 5 percent of all smokers). … However, well-delivered advice is actually associated with improved satisfaction among smokers 54  and … Similarly, a recent analysis at the U.S. population level estimated the expected ex-smoker yields of … Nurse-assisted counseling for smokers in primary care.  Ann Intern Med  1993;118(7):521-525. … The impact of a tailored guide on ratings and short-term smoking-related outcomes for older smokers. 

50. Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SA2xTFXTzgdbgTYw9DEoMS
    December 01, 2019 - “Ever smoker” is commonly defined as smoking 100 or more cigarettes. Screen.

51. Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Insufficient Evidence (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/inevidup.pdf
    September 01, 2009 - Suspicious lung lesions are identified by CT screening in about 13% of at-risk individuals, such as ever-smokers … Costs The costs of creating the infrastructure to deliver this service to all smokers and ex-smokers … this information, a clinician might decide against recommending lung cancer screening, even to a smoker

52. Archived: Evidence Summary: Alcohol Misuse: Screening and Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/alcohol-misuse-screening-and-counseling-2004
    April 06, 2004 - >35 drinks/wk (men) or >21 drinks/wk (women) Mean age: 39 y Women: 43% Nonwhite: NR Smokers … ETOH/d (women) OR 6 or more drinks/occasion Mean age: NR Women: 19.2% Nonwhite: NR Smokers … with practices who exceeded 35 drinks/wk Mean age: 45.1 y Women: None Nonwhite: NR Smokers … drinks/wk (men) or ≥12 drinks/wk (women) Mean age: 45.5 y Women: 32% Nonwhite: 23% Smokers … >5 OR ≥6 drinks/occasion at least weekly Mean age: 41.9 y Women: 28% Nonwhite: 17% Smokers

53. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mggnaKHr496c8QCgHe9-tm
    May 01, 2021 - Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD in the US.1,7 About 15% of current smokers and 8% of former … Current smokers (regardless of whether COPD is diagnosed) should receive smok- ing cessation counseling … smoking is the pri- mary risk factor for COPD, the evidence reviewed, which included current and former smokers

54. Counseling and Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Caused Disease in Adults and Pregnant Women: Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RaBrLyur6uTNS8-_nyysj2
    April 01, 2009 - cessation counseling sessions, aug- mented with messages and self-help materials tailored for pregnant smokers … Helpful components of counseling include problem-solving guidance for smokers (to help them de- velop

55. Evaluating Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions: An Evidence-based Approach (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/behavintr.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - volunteering for treatment (roughly 3% to 5% of all smokers). … For example, even though 1-3 minutes of advice and counseling have been found to double smokers’ 6- month … Similarly, a recent analysis at the U.S. population level estimated the expected ex-smoker yields of … Nurse-assisted counseling for smokers in primary care. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118(7):521-525. 84. … The impact of a tailored guide on ratings and short-term smoking-related outcomes for older smokers.

56. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk Factors (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFileByID/1862
    August 01, 2014 - 20 have high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels that are not well controlled or are current smokers

57. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk Factors (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/rhSzEVBjRK5CW8G42VWuVU
    August 01, 2014 - 20 have high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels that are not well controlled or are current smokers

58. Archived: Brief Evidence Summary: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/brief-evidence-summary/bladder-cancer-screening-2004
    June 07, 2004 - Cigarette smokers are 4 to 7 times more likely to develop bladder cancer than nonsmokers. 5 Occupational

59. Procedure Manual Section 6. Methods for Arriving at a Recommendation | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-6-methods-arriving-recommendation
    July 06, 2017 - The benefits observed in screening studies of male smokers that were conducted in academic centers with … bound of potential benefit was judged when extrapolating these studies in a high-risk population (male smokers … ) to populations at lower risk (male nonsmokers and female smokers and nonsmokers). 6.5.5 Outcomes Tables

60. Screening for Bladder Cancer: A Brief Evidence Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NZcLsqV-5K7hyfot-qHQp9
    November 01, 2004 - Cigarette smokers are 4 to 7 times more likely to develop bladder cancer than nonsmokers.5 Occupational