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121. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommends Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in At-Risk Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/cvdriskfinalbulletin.pdf
     August 26, 2014 - disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, being obese or overweight, or being a current smoker

122. Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Insufficient Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/inevidup.pdf
     September 01, 2009 - Suspicious lung lesions are identified by CT screening in about 13% of at-risk individuals, such as ever-smokers … Costs The costs of creating the infrastructure to deliver this service to all smokers and ex-smokers … this information, a clinician might decide against recommending lung cancer screening, even to a smoker

123. Archived: Lung Cancer: Screening, May 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening-2004
     May 15, 2004 - cancer has not been established in any group, including asymptomatic high-risk populations such as older smokers … Screening for early lung cancer with low-dose spiral CT: prevalence in 817 asymptomatic smokers.

124. Archived: Evidence Summary: Alcohol Misuse: Screening and Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/alcohol-misuse-screening-and-counseling-2004
     April 06, 2004 - >35 drinks/wk (men) or >21 drinks/wk (women) Mean age: 39 y Women: 43% Nonwhite: NR Smokers … ETOH/d (women) OR 6 or more drinks/occasion Mean age: NR Women: 19.2% Nonwhite: NR Smokers … with practices who exceeded 35 drinks/wk Mean age: 45.1 y Women: None Nonwhite: NR Smokers … drinks/wk (men) or ≥12 drinks/wk (women) Mean age: 45.5 y Women: 32% Nonwhite: 23% Smokers … >5 OR ≥6 drinks/occasion at least weekly Mean age: 41.9 y Women: 28% Nonwhite: 17% Smokers

125. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mggnaKHr496c8QCgHe9-tm
     May 01, 2021 - Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD in the US.1,7 About 15% of current smokers and 8% of former … Current smokers (regardless of whether COPD is diagnosed) should receive smok- ing cessation counseling … smoking is the pri- mary risk factor for COPD, the evidence reviewed, which included current and former smokers

126. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dTtTevZLRpCKArDYshPaeL
     December 06, 2021 - Current and former smokers are at the highest risk of developing COPD.

127. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/JdaBr_dPvbyZ4MbrG585Me
     August 01, 2013 - And, every day, 1,000 teens younger than 18 become daily smokers.

128. Counseling and Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Caused Disease in Adults and Pregnant Women: Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RaBrLyur6uTNS8-_nyysj2
     April 01, 2009 - cessation counseling sessions, aug- mented with messages and self-help materials tailored for pregnant smokers … Helpful components of counseling include problem-solving guidance for smokers (to help them de- velop

129. Z8Avschjezubsjtdsx424H (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/z8AVsCHJEZUBSJtdSx424H
     May 23, 2019 - d (men) or 32 g ETOH/d (women) OR 6 or more drinks/occasion Mean age: NR Women: 19.2% Nonwhite: NR Smokers … y) regis- tered with practices who exceeded 35 drinks/wk Mean age: 45.1 y Women: None Nonwhite: NR Smokers … score �8 OR �16 drinks/wk (men) or �12 drinks/wk (women) Mean age: 45.5 y Women: 32% Nonwhite: 23% Smokers … with the practices who consumed 21–71 units of alcohol/wk Mean age: 44 y Women: 100% Nonwhite: 17% Smokers … Q/F item scores �5 OR �6 drinks/occasion at least weekly Mean age: 41.9 y Women: 28% Nonwhite: 17% Smokers

130. Draft Research Plan: Promotion of a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     February 20, 2020 - assessment tool; or trial inclusion criteria specifies that the population has ≥1 CVD risk factors Current smokers

131. Draft Research Plan: Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-cvd-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     February 20, 2020 - assessment tool; or trial inclusion criteria specifies that the population has ≥1 CVD risk factors Current smokers

132. Draft Research Plan: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     February 20, 2020 - assessment tool; or trial inclusion criteria specifies that the population has ≥1 CVD risk factors Current smokers

133. Final Research Plan: Promotion of a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     June 04, 2020 - assessment tool; or trial inclusion criteria specifies that the population has ≥1 CVD risk factors Current smokers

134. Final Research Plan: Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-cvd-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     June 04, 2020 - assessment tool; or trial inclusion criteria specifies that the population has ≥1 CVD risk factors Current smokers

135. Final Research Plan: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     June 04, 2020 - assessment tool; or trial inclusion criteria specifies that the population has ≥1 CVD risk factors Current smokers

136. Evaluating Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions: An Evidence-based Approach (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/behavintr.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - volunteering for treatment (roughly 3% to 5% of all smokers). … For example, even though 1-3 minutes of advice and counseling have been found to double smokers’ 6- month … Similarly, a recent analysis at the U.S. population level estimated the expected ex-smoker yields of … Nurse-assisted counseling for smokers in primary care. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118(7):521-525. 84. … The impact of a tailored guide on ratings and short-term smoking-related outcomes for older smokers.

137. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mfyVxbhXeqBjMR6jLJcLr4
     May 24, 2022 - increased risk of genitourinary events and beta carotene with increased risk of lung cancer in former smokers … Almost all (91%) of the lung cancers oc- curred in former smokers. … evidence74 indicating an association between use of beta carotene and increased risk of lung cancer in smokers … , recommendations75 for current and former smokers are to avoid the AREDS formula with beta carotene, … Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers versus former smokers

138. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk Factors (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFileByID/1862
     August 01, 2014 - 20 have high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels that are not well controlled or are current smokers

139. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk Factors (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/rhSzEVBjRK5CW8G42VWuVU
     August 01, 2014 - 20 have high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels that are not well controlled or are current smokers

140. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Final Recommendation Statement on Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/tobacco-cessation-adults-final-rec-bulletin.pdf
     January 19, 2021 - “Quitting is the most important step a smoker can take to lead a longer and healthier life,” says Task