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1. Procedure Manual Appendix XI. Tool to Assess Adequacy and Certainty of Evidence for a Task Force Recommendation | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-xi-tool-assess-adequacy-and-certainty-evidence-task-force-recommendation
   July 01, 2017 - , zero, or cannot be determined ) ( substantial, moderate, small, zero, or cannot be determined ) … inadequate ) ( convincing, adequate, or inadequate ) Harms – Magnitude ( substantial, moderate, small … , zero, or cannot be determined ) ( substantial, moderate, small, zero, or cannot be determined ) … low ) Magnitude of Net Benefit ( Net Benefit = Benefits – Harms ) ( substantial, moderate, small … , zero, or cannot be determined ) ( substantial, moderate, small, zero, or cannot be determined )

2. Evidence Summary: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
   December 10, 2019 - Harms of Early Treatment for Small AAAs Key Question 5. … Brown LC, Powell JT; UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. … Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. … The UK Small Aneurysm Trial: design, methods and progress. … results of a small clinical trial.

3. Procedure Manual Appendix XI. Tool to Assess Adequacy and Certainty of Evidence for a Task Force Recommendation | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-xi-tool-assess-adequacy-and-certainty-evidence-task-force-recommendation
   July 01, 2017 - , zero, or cannot be determined ) ( substantial, moderate, small, zero, or cannot be determined ) … inadequate ) ( convincing, adequate, or inadequate ) Harms – Magnitude ( substantial, moderate, small … , zero, or cannot be determined ) ( substantial, moderate, small, zero, or cannot be determined ) … ) Magnitude of Net Benefit ( Net Benefit = Benefits – Harms ) ( substantial, moderate, small … , zero, or cannot be determined ) ( substantial, moderate, small, zero, or cannot be determined )

4. Final Research Plan: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
   November 30, 2017 - treatment-relevant, intermediate health outcomes in an asymptomatic, screen-detected population with small … What are the harms of treatment in an asymptomatic, screen-detected population with small AAAs (i.e., … Do the harms of treatment of small AAAs vary among subpopulations (i.e., by sex, smoking status, age, … Populations KQs 1–3: Asymptomatic adult population KQs 4, 5: Asymptomatic adult population with small … mortality related to cardiovascular disease to more fully evaluate the benefits and harms of treatment of small

5. Recommendation: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
   December 10, 2019 - Evidence indicates that the net benefit of screening all men in this group is small. … Evidence shows that the overall benefit for screening all men in this group is small. … Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. … Powell JT, Brady AR, Brown LC, et al; The UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. … The UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. Lancet . 1998;352(9141):1649-1655. 43.

6. Archived: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-2014
   June 23, 2014 - There is a small net benefit of screening for AAA with ultrasonography in men ages 65 to 75 years who … Effective strategies for smoking cessation may improve the care of patients with small AAAs. … Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. … The UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. Lancet . 1998;352:1649-55. … Propranolol for small abdominal aortic aneurysms: results of a randomized trial.

7. Primary Care Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/XAaYbGVD_xRoMfQ-huJkJq
   December 10, 2019 - Harms of Early Treatment for Small AAAs Key Question 5. … Brown LC, Powell JT; UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. … Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. … The UK Small Aneurysm Trial: design, methods and progress. … results of a small clinical trial.

8. Ym2Epescwzwnpaamr78Shp (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Ym2epesCwZWNPaaMr78Shp
   August 01, 2014 - Early Intervention for Small (3.0 to 5.4 cm) AAAs. … Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. … The UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. Lancet. 1998;352:1649-55. [PMID: 9853436] 24. … Propranolol for small abdominal aortic aneurysms: results of a randomized trial. … There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small.

9. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/HyxpKaXv6BVDKBHQ74yWeL
   December 10, 2019 - for AAA, the associated harms of screening, and the benefits and harms of available treatments for small … Evidence indicates that the net benefit of screening all men in this group is small. … Evidence shows that the overall benefit for screening all men in this group is small. … Immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms. … Powell JT, Brady AR, Brown LC, et al; The UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants.

10. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Healthy Diet: Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care, January 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review41/diet-behavioral-counseling-primary-care-adults-2003
    January 15, 2003 - We developed a definition of small, medium, and large changes based on the distribution of findings from … For saturated fat, we defined small as an absolute net difference between intervention and control groups … We defined small as a difference of less than 0.3 servings per day, medium as a difference of 0.4 to … For fiber we defined a small effect size as a net difference of less than 2.0 g per day of fiber, medium … Among 4 study arms reporting no components, all produced small effects. 10 , 11 We did not identify

11. JAMA JATS (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Nop5YpEpMybx_oNPKC76-X
    July 11, 2017 - The overall magnitude of benefit related to these interventions is positive but small. … small net benefit for adults without obesity who do not have CVD risk factors. … There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small. … small net benefit for this population. … A small number of comments were received, and all were reviewed by the USPSTF.

12. Grade Definitions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/grade-definitions
    October 01, 2018 - population level, the balance of benefits and harms is very close, and the magnitude of net benefit is small … Given this small net benefit, the USPSTF has either not made a recommendation “for or against routinely … There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small. … However, for most individuals without signs or symptoms there is likely to be only a small benefit from

13. Draft Recommendation: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/lipid-disorders-children-adolescents-screening
    January 24, 2023 - environmental factors such as excessive intake of saturated fat, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity; small … similar in the intervention and control groups; however, most studies were relatively short term and small … statins compared with control groups. 1 Studies reporting adverse events in nonstatin trials were small … One small flaxseed study (n=32) noted a worsening in HDL-C and triglycerides levels; however, the small … A small fish oil study (n=42) noted that gastrointestinal symptoms, fishy taste, and frequent nose bleeds

14. Understanding Task Force Recommendations: Screening for Prostate Cancer (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vE-aXbtxnsR_rzarYYyAEd
    May 01, 2012 - Prostate cancer is a cancer that occurs in the prostate, a small gland in men that makes fluid to carry … The Task Force found that among adult men, only a very small number, if any, would experience this benefit … A small number of men will need to go to the hospital because of these complications. … • A small risk of death and serious complications from surgery. … The expected harms are greater than the small potential benefit. 1The Task Force recommends against

15. Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care to Promote a Healthy Diet in Adults: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/B-qVy6dbC25L-KAR5GvLpw
    January 01, 2010 - We developed a definition of small, medium, and large changes based on the distribution of findings from … We defined small as a difference of less than 0.3 servings per day, medium as a difference of 0.4 to … For fiber we defined a small effect size as a net difference of less than 2.0 g per day of fiber, medium … A relative change of 25% or greater was considered large, 10% to 24% medium, and less than 10% small. … total fat Cont: 67 g % calories as Intv: 37.6% 12 mo NR Intv: –1.5% 1.2% P <0.01 3% Small total fat

16. Archived: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity: Counseling for CVD Prevention in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-for-cvd-prevention-in-adults
    June 15, 2012 - behavioral counseling in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity is small … behavioral counseling in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity is small … that is, decreased blood pressure, decreased blood lipid levels, and improved glucose tolerance) are small … interventions in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity have a small … There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small.

17. Archived: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity: Counseling for CVD Prevention in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-for-cvd-prevention-in-adults-2012
    June 15, 2012 - behavioral counseling in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity is small … behavioral counseling in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity is small … that is, decreased blood pressure, decreased blood lipid levels, and improved glucose tolerance) are small … interventions in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity have a small … There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small.

18. Archived: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults: Behavioral Counseling, 2012 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthful-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-in-adults-behavioral-counseling
    June 04, 2012 - behavioral counseling in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity is small … behavioral counseling in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity is small … high-intensity behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and increase physical activity are small … that is, decreased blood pressure, decreased blood lipid levels, and improved glucose tolerance) are small … interventions in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity have a small

19. Archived: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults: Behavioral Counseling, 2012 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthful-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-in-adults-behavioral-counseling-2012
    June 04, 2012 - behavioral counseling in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity is small … behavioral counseling in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity is small … high-intensity behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and increase physical activity are small … that is, decreased blood pressure, decreased blood lipid levels, and improved glucose tolerance) are small … interventions in the primary care setting to promote a healthful diet and physical activity have a small

20. Archived: Falls Prevention in Older Adults: Counseling and Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-counseling-and-preventive-medication
    May 15, 2012 - prevent falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older because the likelihood of benefit is small … Multifactorial risk assessment with comprehensive management of identified risks has at least a small … Adequate evidence indicates that the harms of physical therapy or exercise are small. … A small U.K. study of 200 older adults that was published after the USPSTF systematic review reported … Convincing evidence indicates that the harms of vitamin D supplementation are no greater than small.