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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/grading-quiz.ppt
May 29, 2025 - Grading Strength of Evidence: Interactive Quiz
Grading Strength of Evidence
Interactive Quiz
Prepared for:
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
Training Modules for Systematic Reviews Methods Guide
www.ahrq.gov
Grading Strength of Evidence: Interactive Quiz
Is grading the strength of evidence t…
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/grading-quiz.ppt
May 29, 2025 - Grading Strength of Evidence: Interactive Quiz
Grading Strength of Evidence
Interactive Quiz
Prepared for:
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
Training Modules for Systematic Reviews Methods Guide
www.ahrq.gov
Grading Strength of Evidence: Interactive Quiz
Is grading the strength of evidence t…
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dementia-nursing-home-characteristics_research-protocol.pdf
November 03, 2011 - For
example, they range in size from 1 to more than 1,400 beds; some have private
apartments, others … include proprietary status, affiliation (e.g., chain,
hospital, CCRCs), location (urban vs. rural), size … versus larger size (setting or unit), consistent staffing versus
rotating staffing, larger proportion … population with
dementia is <80%
a
Geography United States All other countries
b
Sample Size … c
If we do conduct meta-analyses, we will include studies of any size.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-bias_methods.pdf
February 01, 2013 - Study size
Reviewer decides to exclude RCTs
less than 50 participants or
observational studies less … treatment), study conduct (quality or risk of
bias of individual study), language of publication, study size … studies in gray
literature documents based on characteristics such as unique study identifies, sample size … the study is
registered at the beginning of the study, the intended primary outcome measures, sample size … Depending on the experience levels of the SR team members, the complexity of the clinical area,
the size
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-reconstruction-mastectomy-protocol.pdf
April 09, 2020 - But, total submuscular placement also has challenges, such
as limits to the size of the breast reconstruction … Surface of implant (smooth versus textured)
• Shape of implant (round versus anatomic/teardrop)
• Size … Surface of implant (smooth versus textured)
• Shape of implant (round versus anatomic/teardrop)
• Size … Surface of implant (smooth versus textured)
• Shape of implant (round versus anatomic/teardrop)
• Size … no eligible
citations identified in a consecutive sample of 370 consecutive citations (this sample size
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s131.pdf
October 01, 2007 - However, after the first 3 restrictions the
effect size changed little. … The large size of such databases, however, makes
it feasible to restrict on many criteria without reducing … the
study to a size that would meaningfully compromise the
precision of effect estimates. … most subgroup analyses
need to be predetermined because RCTs are by design pro-
spective and their size … altogether, and then evaluate the
extent to which treatment effects differ across groups.24 The
large size
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/obesity-child_executive.pdf
March 31, 2010 - We did not exclude studies based on study
sample size (Table A). … outcomes might be that the intervention
specifically targeted weight gain prevention and that the
sample size … There are many differences across studies in term
of settings, design, sample size and characteristics … However, due to the limited sample size, we
could not conduct further stratifications to explore the … Subgroup analysis is necessary, as
the effect size of a specific intervention may be small due
to the
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-254-rural-telehealth-executive-summary.pdf
December 01, 2022 - Executive Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 254: Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication
Comparative Effectiveness Review
Number 254
Improving Rural Health Through
Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider
Communication
Executive Summary
Main Points
• Use …
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/omega-3-maternity_disposition-comments.pdf
October 12, 2016 - our reviewers thought it was a
small observational study (our exclusion
criteria included sample size … The AHRQ ECER Guide notes that
excluding studies based on small sample size
introduces bias. … We did not exclude any RCTs based on
sample size. … the existence of RCTs on the same
outcomes were subsequently excluded
again because of small sample size … assessed effects of
gestational length often excluded infants
born preterm; and the observed effect
size
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cancer-drugs-utilization_research.pdf
January 01, 2011 - Utilization of anticancer biologic products among
Medicare beneficiaries, by diagnostic cancer subchapter,
2006-2009
Anticancer Biologics Data Points #7
Fewer than 50 percent of
beneficiaries with bevacizumab
orders had a cancer diagnosis
in the prior 6 months. This was
driven by the biologic’s off-label
use …
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/alcohol-misuse-drug-therapy_clinician.pdf
February 01, 2016 - Medication Outcome
N
Studiesa
N
Subjects Finding Effect Size (95% CI) NNTb SOE
Acamprosate
vs. placebo
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/psoriasis-chronic_research-protocol.pdf
January 10, 2012 - often appears as well-demarcated, erythematous plaques covered with silvery white
scales that vary in size … a meta-analysis is performed, we will evaluate the confidence interval around
the summary effect size … study duration with clinically relevant treatment modalities,
assessment of adverse events, sample size
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/smoking-pregnancy-infants_research-protocol.pdf
March 11, 2013 - The team
established this minimum sample size to balance the need for smaller studies of
specialized … such as author, year of publication, study location and time
period, population description, sample size … studies that investigators would consider for a meta-
regression, but power will vary according to the size … [Smoking cessation during pregnancy, newborn size, and NO-synthase
activity in endothelial cells of
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/treatment-resistant-depression_disposition-comments.pdf
September 01, 2011 - We agree, and we have added a sample size
column to these summary tables. … to be used, then the figure should be
expanded much wider and the citation information reduced in size … We have, however, substantially
reduced the size of the Results section by
limiting Strength of Evidence … At this time, the small size of the study sample and
resulting limitations of statistical power in the … We agree, and we have added a sample size
column to these summary tables.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/stem-cell-children_surveillance.pdf
October 29, 2012 - Or 2) a trial not published in the above top 5 journals but have a sample size of at least triple the … size of
the previous largest trial in the original CER.
18
Appendix B: Updating Signals … Change in effect size of at least 50% (B2)
Refers to a situation in which the new result indicates … a relative change in effect size of at least
50%.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/executive-summary-2017-schizophrenia-adult.pdf
January 01, 2017 - • Sample size of >50 for Key Question 2. … Scale
Scores
• Cognitive remediation: Beneficial
compared with usual care (1 SR of 18
RCTs, effect size
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/transparency-mental-health_research-protocol.pdf
September 01, 2016 - only higher order analyses, such as risk of bias assessment, but also
basic calculations of effect size … What were the differences, if any, in pre-specified outcome measures, statistical
plan and size of
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/methods-guide-inclusion-nonrandomized-studies.pdf
September 01, 2022 - Moreover, because of their generally
smaller sample size and shorter duration than NRSIs, RCTs more … participants, tightly controlled implementation of interventions and comparators, smaller sample
size … adjust for
temporal
changes (i.e.,
outcome
changes
irrespective of
intervention)
• Large sample
size … Moreover, because of their generally large
sample sizes, effect size estimates from individual NRSIs … Relatively early in the workgroup’s discussions, it became clear that a one-size-fits-all
approach to
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/methods-guide-inclusion-nonrandomized-studies.pdf
September 01, 2022 - Moreover, because of their generally
smaller sample size and shorter duration than NRSIs, RCTs more … participants, tightly controlled implementation of interventions and comparators, smaller sample
size … adjust for
temporal
changes (i.e.,
outcome
changes
irrespective of
intervention)
• Large sample
size … Moreover, because of their generally large
sample sizes, effect size estimates from individual NRSIs … Relatively early in the workgroup’s discussions, it became clear that a one-size-fits-all
approach to
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/acs-pci-adjunctive-devices_executive.pdf
December 01, 2011 - duration with clinically
relevant treatment modalities, assessed adverse events,
had an adequate sample size … Effect of thrombus
aspiration on infarct size and left ventricular function in
high-risk patients with … during primary percutaneous
coronary intervention improves myocardial reperfusion
and reduces infarct size … based distal protection during primary percutaneous
coronary intervention on early and late infarct size … Infarct size and
left ventricular function in the PRoximal Embolic
Protection in Acute myocardial infarction