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61. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Syphilis Infection in Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary94/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening-2009
    May 15, 2009 - Sera samples tested by using TPHA (serial dilutions, considered reactive at >1:80) and VDRL (diluted … Samples were considered to have biological false-positive results if they were VDRL-positive but TPHA-negative

62. Archived: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening, 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening-2005
    July 05, 2005 - One good-quality study of the only FDA-approved home collection kit, using finger-stick blood spot samples … enzyme-linked fluorescent and Western blot assays using serum, gingival-crevicular transudate, and urine samples

63. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: A Targeted Evidence Update for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CVoJ9fc9nv2Zsgs8R8XabH
    September 01, 2022 - The traditional algorithm utilizes a nontreponemal test as the initial screen and reactive samples … In comparison, the reverse algorithm uses a treponemal test as the initial screen and reactive samples … A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis found that programs offering self-collection of samples … Self-collection of samples as an additional approach to deliver testing services for sexually transmitted … self-reported sexually transmitted bacterial infections from 2010 and 2017 in two large European samples

64. Recommendation: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening
    May 13, 2025 - chemiluminescence immunoassay) for the initial screening, followed by a nontreponemal test for reactive samples … pallidum are available that can be performed in a clinical setting or at home using fingerstick blood samples

65. Grnjnsmqzvbc-Dnhgrmgg3 (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/gRNjNsmqZvBC-DnHGRMgG3
    December 01, 2014 - previous trials, although significance varies Study conducted in the United Kingdom using self-collected samples … Female urine samples tested with TMA, PCR, and SDA provided sensitivities of 72.0% to 98.2% (24, 27, … Lower sensitivities for urine samples using TMA (72.0%) and PCR (84.0%) were reported in a study that

66. Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/exVc75LHoUdnqjY6wYxzGV
    June 01, 2003 - more likely to have educational materials in the waiting room (70.4% vs. 34%) and to have sunscreen samples … simple reminder systems for clinicians and office staff and making instructional materials and sunscreen samples … Single 60-minute visit by study personnel to each office to provide free patient materials and sunscreen samples

67. Archived: Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Counseling, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-counseling-2003
    October 06, 2003 - more likely to have educational materials in the waiting room (70.4% vs. 34%) and to have sunscreen samples … simple reminder systems for clinicians and office staff and making instructional materials and sunscreen samples … Single 60-minute visit by study personnel to each office to provide free patient materials and sunscreen samples

68. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/snz9tH_heqjzSRWq83KmF3
    May 01, 2021 - chemiluminescence immu- noassay) for the initial screening, followed by a nontreponemal test for reactive samples … Differences in testing protocols, training, and specimen collection (eg, sera vs whole- blood samples

69. Recommendation: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-nonpregnant-adults-adolescents-screening
    September 27, 2022 - chemiluminescence immunoassay) for the initial screening, followed by a nontreponemal test for reactive samples … Differences in testing protocols, training, and specimen collection (eg, sera vs whole-blood samples)

70. Archived: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - rapid tests (<15 minutes) using colorimetric assays, 30 and to an EIA-based test using oral fluid samples … control survey of 140 laboratories 26 most errors involved misclassification of positive or negative samples … 43 In a survey of over 1 million newborn specimens for maternal HIV antibody, <1 in 4,000 screened samples … Serologicaldiagnosis of HIV infection using oral fluid samples.

71. Evidence Summary: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary19/colorectal-cancer-screening
    May 18, 2021 - Diagnostic yield improves with collection of 2 samples in fecal immunochemical test screening without … Number of samples in faecal immunochemical test screening: more might be less. … Fresh vs frozen samples and ambient temperature have little effect on detection of colorectal cancer … Estimates apply to Hemoccult SENSA; test is no longer widely used in the US and requires 3 stool samples … Estimates apply to Cologuard (sDNA-FIT) In the largest study, 6% of people had inadequate stool samples

72. Task Force Resources | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/task-force-resources
    June 22, 2025 - Task Force Resources Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print   Resources for Using Recommendations in Practice Prevention TaskForce App The Prevention TaskForce is an application that includes all Task Force recomm…

73. Final Evidence Summary: Unhealthy Drug Use: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/drug-use-illicit-screening
    June 09, 2020 - and drug use disorders) compared with a structured or semistructured clinical interview or biological samples … Studies evaluating the accuracy of biological drug screening tests (eg, urine samples) were not included … high numbers of known drug users, and some of the larger studies were conducted among non–clinic-based samples … methods that pose questions about drug use or drug-related risks, not laboratory testing of biologic samples … Most studies conducted in US-based primary care population, although included studies represented samples

74. Archived: Rh(D) Incompatibility: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/rhd-incompatibility-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - fetal mortality rates of 0.5-1%. 23 , 51 , 52 DNA amplification in amniotic cells and chorionic villus samples

75. Archived: Genital Herpes Simplex: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/genital-herpes-simplex-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - 27 EIA, however, had a concordance of only 59% with conventional viral culture in a large study of samples … 88% compared to conventional culture, 22 and 43% and 71%, respectively, compared to cytology, 29 on samples

76. Archived: Drug Abuse: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-abuse-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - urine testing: water loading, diuretic use, ingestion of interfering substances, or adulterating urine samples … compounds in foods. 48 To prevent falsely implicating persons as users of illegal drugs, screen-positive samples

77. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: Evidence for the Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/gWJU-ZynehGyLBVYtDmMow
    May 01, 2009 - Sera samples tested by using TPHA (serial dilutions, considered reactive at �1:80) and VDRL (diluted … Samples were considered to have biological false-positive results if they were VDRL-positive but TPHA

78. Evidence Summary: Food Insecurity: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/food-insecurity-screening
    March 11, 2025 - insecurity were included if they were either conducted in a health care setting or included very large samples … These were studies using data from the US Census Bureau, including very large samples that are representative … studies would add potentially valuable information, given their large size and carefully constructed samples

79. Archived: Evidence Summary: Depression in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/depression-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
    February 08, 2016 - Nationally representative samples have indicated a past-year prevalence of approximately 8% for adolescents … 15 years). 3 The prevalence of depression in primary care settings may be twice that of community samples … outcomes as suicidality occur at much lower rates in the control group and may require even larger samples

80. Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility: Systematic Evidence Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3HxQuXnyqHpUKNqjB7hWBw
    September 01, 2005 - Studies were conducted in highly selected samples of women, and re- sults may not be generalizable to … In Monte Carlo simulation, random samples for the esti- mate of P�D��G� are obtained as follows. … First, random samples of logit(P) are drawn from the following normal distribution: N�logit̂(P), var̂ … Then, by transformation, random samples for estimates of P�D��G� are obtained as: P�D �G�� � exp(logit … Random samples of RR are obtained by first drawing random samples of ln(RR) from N�ln(RR̂), var̂�ln(