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1. ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/research
   November 01, 2024 - score 0.91; Cronbach’s alpha DBDRS Inattention 0.94, hyperactivity / impulsivity 0.91 In clinical samples … Low AUC 5 studies 18179511,29562850,31535569 Low Rater agreement 4 studies In clinical samples : … scores of the Conners rating scales were 0.19 Low Internal consistency 6 studies In neurotypical samples … Low Rater agreement 3 studies Neurotypical samples : Kappa was 0.55 between Cognitive Assessment System … discriminant function analysis classifications and a priori diagnosis Clinical samples : Kappa 0.15

2. Research White Paper Biorepositories Addendum Registries For Evaluating Patient Outcomes Third Edition (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/biorepositories-registries-guide-3rd-ed-addendum-white-paper.pdf
   February 01, 2018 - with the donors or the recipient of the data and samples from third parties. … The repository will also need to outline the procedures for acquisition of samples. … as when and to whom the samples are released. … Broad Consent for Research with Biological Samples: Workshop Conclusions. … Research with stored biological samples: what do research participants want?

3. C-Diff-Infections-Surveillance-140925 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/c-diff-infections-surveillance-140925.pdf
   January 01, 2014 - with toxin-negative samples (58% for illumigene vs. 100% for Xpert; P<0.001). … difficile and the presence of the PCR ribotype 027 in stool samples. … Compared to those with feces samples cultured positive for C. difficile type 027, the sensitivity, … difficile assays stool samples and 50 retrospective stool samples neutralization assay (CCNA); … was recovered from 218 samples using a combination of all media.

4. Machine Learning Methods in Systematic Reviews: Identifying Quality Improvement Intervention Evaluations | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/machine-learning-quality/research
   January 01, 2019 - We explored different prediction algorithms and tested results against reference samples screened by … Across two reference samples, the predictive performance of the machine learning approach demonstrated

5. Laboratory Tests | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/laboratory-tests
   November 27, 2018 - A technician or your doctor analyzes the test samples to see if your results fall within the normal range

6. Chapter 11: Challenges in and Principles for Conducting Systematic Reviews of Genetic Tests Used as Predictive Indicators | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-genetic/methods
   December 01, 2019 - Important analytic variables include the type of assay chosen and its reliability, types of samples, … for somatic mutations using tumor specimens, particular strategies may be needed, such as enriching samples … What types of samples were used? How were samples obtained? … How were samples handled and stored prior to analysis? … When were samples analyzed (compared to when they were collected)?

7. Core Needle and Open Surgical Biopsy for Diagnosis of Breast Lesions — An Update to the 2009 Report | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/breast-biopsy-update/research-protocol
   December 01, 2019 - There are currently three techniques for obtaining samples from suspicious breast lesions: fine-needle … Samples obtained by any of these methods are evaluated by pathologists and classified into histological … Because a core-needle biopsy often samples only part of the breast abnormality, there is the risk that … The biopsy may be carried out with needles of varying diameters, and one or more samples of tissue may … A device used to obtain core-needle samples.

8. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 11 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-genetic_methods.pdf
   July 01, 2012 - In general, preanalytic steps are those involved in obtaining, fixing or preserving, and storing samples … Important analytic variables include the type of assay chosen and its reliability, types of samples, … What types of samples were used? How were samples obtained? … How were samples handled and stored prior to analysis? Analytic What type of assay was used? … When were samples analyzed (compared to when they were collected)?

9. Giardia Infections | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/giardia-infections
   You often need to collect several samples to test. Doctors use several drugs to treat it.

10. breast-biopsy-update-130920 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-biopsy-update_research-protocol.pdf
    September 20, 2013 - There are currently three techniques for obtaining samples from suspicious breast lesions: fine-needle … Samples obtained by any of these methods are evaluated by pathologists and classified into histological … Because a core-needle biopsy often samples only part of the breast abnormality, there is the risk that … The biopsy may be carried out with needles of varying diameters, and one or more samples of tissue may … A device used to obtain core-needle samples.

11. Engaging Patients in Information Sharing and Data Collection: The Role of Patient-Powered Registries and Research Networks (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/stakeholders-engagement-others_white-paper.pdf
    September 01, 2013 - clinical outcomes, diagnostic reports or images, hospital records, collected/donated blood or tissue samples … Patient registries may also include the collection of tissue or blood samples collected in a variety … Several PPRs have biobanks, or repositories, where patients can provide samples of blood or tissue to … a variety of patient and family needs, the foundation’s co-founder, Nancy Wexler, also collected samples … success is its ability to attract patients and/or family members who will contribute information or samples

12. Data Development for Patient Safety — A Pilot Study using Medicare Part B Drug Data | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/patient-safety-drug-data/abstract
    April 01, 2018 - The merits of these data include large samples covering the spectrum of the elderly and disabled and

13. PCA3 Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer: Future Research Needs (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-antigen-3-gene_research.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - PCA3 measured in archived samples from patients identified as biopsy-positive or biopsy- negative in … in these samples. … There may be costs associated with obtaining and using samples and data. … While this approach has the advantage that it often facilitates identification of samples for study, … There may be costs associated with obtaining and using samples and data.

14. Executive Summary: ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-267-adhd-executive-summary.pdf
    March 01, 2024 - reliability, no findings have been replicated prospectively using the same measure in independent samples … reliability, no findings have been replicated prospectively using the same measure in independent samples

15. Graphical Augmentations to Sample-Size-Based Funnel Plot in Meta-analysis | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/grant-manuscripts/graphical-augmentations-abstract
    June 01, 2024 - their sample sizes besides P values (which are partly determined by standard errors); studies with more samples

16. Core-Needle Biopsy for Breast Abnormalities (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-biopsy-update_clinician.pdf
    May 01, 2016 - . ��� 95% CrI = 95-percent credible interval Because core-needle biopsy samples only part of the suspicious … Open surgical biopsy samples most or all of the lesion, so it is considered to have a smaller risk of

17. Clostridium difficile Infection Update | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/c-difficile-update/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - For example, one study isolated C. difficile spores from air samples in a UK hospital, 4 to 7 weeks … , LAMP) Tests of stool culture alone Tests to validate a technique in “known” or proven samples … Tests in which the reference standard is not applied to all samples Tests examining cost characteristics … cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA) or toxigenic culture as the reference standard applied to all samples … One can use RCT and controlled cohort data, but they generally have small samples and short followups

18. Core-Needle Biopsy for Breast Abnormalities | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/breast-biopsy-update/clinician
    December 01, 2019 - Accuracy of Core-Needle Breast Biopsy Because core-needle biopsy samples only part of the suspicious … Open surgical biopsy samples most or all of the lesion, so it is considered to have a smaller risk of

19. Hepatic-Fibrosis White-Paper (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hepatic-fibrosis_white-paper.pdf
    April 01, 2014 - Diagnostic accuracy of tests for fibrosis a Fibrosis Test (cutoff) Number of Samples Sensitivity … Diagnostic accuracy of tests for fibrosis a (continued) Fibrosis Test (cutoff) Number of Samples … Diagnostic accuracy of tests for fibrosis a (continued) Fibrosis Test (cutoff) Number of Samples … ratio bAdditional data for study(s) with discrepancy in reported data c first number is number of samples … for sensitivity/second number is number of samples for specificity dAdditional data for study(s) without

20. Disposition of Comments for Child Exposure to Trauma: Comparative Effectiveness of Interventions Addressing Maltreatment (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/trauma-interventions-maltreatment-child_disposition-comments.pdf
    April 15, 2013 - CERs, and 3) to avert yet more heterogeneity due to inconsistent, vague, or absent definitions of samples … aura of exactitude and finality, not worrying enough about the results than might obtain were other samples … of small sample sizes in that it is difficult to statistically identify moderate effects in small samples … interaction terms in statistical models and estimating these interaction terms require very large samples … Many of the a priori hypotheses had to be eliminated because there were insufficient samples to meet