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61. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-bias_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - aspects of data analysis, applicability, whether ethics approval is specified, and 5-2 whether sample … Selection bias The selection process determines the composition of the study sample. … Partial verification bias Only a selected sample of patients who underwent the index test is verified … Did the whole sample or a random selection of the sample receive verification using a reference … YES: All relatives that the proband identifies/reports upon represent the whole sample of relatives.

62. New Evidence Report on Treatments for Infantile Epilepsies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/epilepsy-infographic.pdf
    November 15, 2022 - New Evidence Report on Treatments for Infantile Epilepsies This Is a Sample Two Line Infographic Arial

63. Future Research Needs for First- and Second-Generation Antipsychotics for Children and Young Adults (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antipsychotics-children-future_research.pdf
    February 01, 2012 - Approximate Sample Size Required Per Group for Comparisons of Two Proportions . 23 Table 7. … We also performed sample power analyses to help identify pragmatic barriers of the potential designs … Sample Size Requirements This section provides a simple framework for thinking about the sample size … of 14 (the sample size listed for an effect size of 0.80 and one sample). … Java Applets for power and sample size [Computer software]. 2006-9.

64. Gene Expression Profiling for Predicting Outcomes in Patients With Stage II Colon Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/colon-cancer-gene-profiling/research-protocol
    March 13, 2012 - Gene expression is determined by analyzing RNA in the sample, generally using either reverse transcriptase … ; derivation, validation, or both), sample size, and study goal (analytic validity, clinical validity … (Lack of reproducibility could result from both preanalytic factors [e.g., sample preparation] as well … Sample size (number of patients/specimens) If samples are from previous studies, which studies? … GEPs measure the activity or “expression” of multiple genes in a single RNA sample, which may reflect

65. S38 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s38.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - of the anticipated design effect for a proposed cluster-randomized trial and its impli- cations for sample … From the parallel perspective of the necessary sample size to detect a prespeci- fied effect with given … Usually, assuming the same total number of patients in a given study, the variance of the sample mean … In many settings, one can use standard approaches for estimating sample size, assuming no clustering, … UNBALANCED COVARIATES AND BALANCING SCORES With reasonable sample sizes, randomization will tend to

66. Key Questions: Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Mental Health Conditions in Pregnant and Postpartum People (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kq-mental-health-pregnant.pdf
    January 01, 2021 - -3 in every 100 women in the year after giving birth.2 About 18.0% of women in a population-based sample … Postpartum anxiety and comorbid depression in a population-based sample of women.

67. Draft Technical Brief - Patient and Clinician Level Strategies to Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare: An Evidence Map (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/patient-clinician-level-strategies-draft-tech-brief.pdf
    February 01, 2023 - Smaller bubbles indicate smaller sample sizes and larger bubbles indicate larger sample sizes. … Smaller bubbles indicate smaller sample sizes and larger bubbles indicate larger sample sizes. … Smaller bubbles indicate smaller sample sizes and larger bubbles indicate larger sample sizes. … Smaller bubbles indicate smaller sample sizes and larger bubbles indicate larger sample sizes. … Smaller bubbles indicate smaller sample sizes and larger bubbles indicate larger sample sizes.

68. Can Physical Activity Improve the Health of Wheelchair Users? Amended Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/wheelchair-users-amended-protocol.pdf
    June 21, 2019 - Study sample sizes will be ≥30 for MS and SCI, and ≥20 for CP. … “Study sample sizes will be ≥30 for MS and SCI, and ≥20 for CP.” … “Studies with the following sample sizes: MS (n≥30), CP (n≥20), SCI (n≥30).” … “Study sample sizes will be ≥30 for MS and ≥20 for SCI and CP.” … “Studies with the following sample sizes: MS (n≥30), CP (n≥20), SCI (n≥20).”

69. Strategies for Improving the Lives of Women Aged 40 and Above Living with HIV/AIDS | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/women-hiv/research-protocol
    March 03, 2016 - menopause at an earlier age among HIV-infected women. 4-9 However, many of these studies have a small sample … We will include studies that have a sample size of at least 100. … Smaller sample sizes are unlikely to result in precise estimates, and thus the utility of recording them … Outlining Available Resources in A Purposeful Sample of Six States We will outline which resources … appear to be available to older women who live with HIV in a purposeful sample of six states, namely

70. Colon-Cancer-Gene-Profiling Research-Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colon-cancer-gene-profiling_research-protocol.pdf
    March 13, 2012 - Gene expression is determined by analyzing RNA in the sample, generally using either reverse transcriptase … ; derivation, validation, or both), sample size, and study goal (analytic validity, clinical validity … (Lack of reproducibility could result from both preanalytic factors [e.g., sample preparation] as well …  Sample size (number of patients/specimens) o If samples are from previous studies, which studies? … GEPs measure the activity or “expression” of multiple genes in a single RNA sample, which may reflect

71. AHRQ Slide Template 2009 (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/analytic-frameworks.ppt
    December 09, 2009 - DOI: 10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00415-4 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988383 Sample Working Framework … Sample Working Framework Systematic reviews may examine the effects of screening, diagnosis, or treatment … DOI: 10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00261-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11306229 Sample Screening … Population Intervention Outcomes Sample Screening and Treatment Framework This slide is intended to

72. Technical Brief 13: Gene Expression Profiling for Predicting Outcomes in Stage II Colon Cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colon-cancer-gene-profiling_technical-brief.pdf
    December 01, 2012 - As shown in Table 6, this assay used microdissection of fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue during sample … Handling Sample Handling Technique for GEP Reliability (Reproducibility) Time to Report Results … Is there an effect of sample preparation, analysis, and/or tumor heterogeneity? … GEPs measure the activity or “expression” of multiple genes in a single RNA sample, which may reflect …  Sample size (number of patients/specimens) o If samples are from previous studies, which studies?

73. Recruiting/Selecting Participants (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/delilberative-methods-design-goold.pdf
    January 11, 2017 - Recruiting/Selecting Participants Slide 10 Recruiting/Selecting Participants Susan Dorr Goold, MD, MHSA, MA Professor of Internal Medicine and Health Management and Policy University of Michigan Slide 11 Alternatives to Random Sampling  Substantive representation o Based on extent to which groups a…

74. women-hiv-protocol-160301 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/women-hiv_research-protocol.pdf
    March 01, 2016 - menopause at an earlier age among HIV-infected women.4-9 However, many of these studies have a small sample … We will include studies that have a sample size of at least 100. … Smaller sample sizes are unlikely to result in precise estimates, and thus the utility of recording … Outlining Available Resources in A Purposeful Sample of Six States We will outline which resources … appear to be available to older women who live with HIV in a purposeful sample of six states, namely

75. Future Research Needs for Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/sleep-apnea-diagnosis-future_research.pdf
    February 01, 2012 - Sample Size Estimates for Various Clinical Scenarios of Sensitivity and Specificity With an Assumed … Sample Discussion Thread: Diagnosis ................................................................. … Sample Size Calculations For an RCT of Screening Versus no Screening for Postoperative Complications … Due to its rarer occurrence, a mortality outcome would necessitate a larger sample size than for an … Assuming a power of 90 percent, the required total sample size (1:1 ratio in a two-arm RCT) for each

76. Ch 2-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_2-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - designs, along with other designs relevant to CER such as case-cohort designs (selecting a random sample … analysis (e.g., blood levels, biologic materials for genetic analyses) is collected for a random sample … (Note that the random sample may contain cases.) … new-user design are clearly outlined in the paper by Ray.36 Limitations include the reduction in sample

77. Interventions Targeting Sensory Challenges in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders - An Update (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/asd-interventions-disposition.pdf
    May 26, 2017 - Peer Reviewer #7 Methods Almost all of the studies reviewed are noted to have "small" sample size, … Moreover, most studies noted as a limitation their small sample size. … We selected a minimum sample size of 10 for RCTs because we felt that the typically greater controls … for bias and rigor helped to mitigate limitations of a smaller sample size. … We scanned a random sample of non-English abstracts (n=150) and identified few eligible items.

78. Study Eligibility Criteria (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/study-eligibility-criteria.ppt
    January 01, 2000 - studies only) Study population size (N > 200) Study design (randomized controlled trials) Some Sample … Sometimes it is helpful for the team to set criteria, then do a sample set of reviews, and reconvene … Publication Using the Criteria The rest of this module contains a number of questions and some sample … Exercise 3: Impact of Study-Size Criteria on Excluded Studies The research team required a minimum sample … Studies Based on expert opinion and a preliminary review of the literature, the team set a minimum sample

79. C-Diff-Infections-Surveillance-140925 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/c-diff-infections-surveillance-140925.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - (a) Do the differences in performance measures vary with sample characteristics? … (a) Do the differences in performance measures vary with sample characteristics? … The lower limit of detection of the stool real-time PCR was 30 CFU/ml of stool sample per reaction … (ID C. difficile prototype [IDCd]) for isolation of C. difficile compared using three different sample … (a) Do the differences in performance measures vary with sample characteristics?

80. Medical Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder—An Updaterum Disorder--An Update (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/asd-medical-disposition.pdf
    May 26, 2017 - TEP Reviewer #4 Methods Almost all of the studies reviewed are noted to have "small" sample size, … Moreover, most studies noted as a limitation their small sample size. … for bias and rigor helped to mitigate limitations of a smaller sample size. … Manufacturer-funded studies also tend to have larger sample sizes than many academic studies. … We scanned a random sample of non-English abstracts (n=150) and identified few eligible items.