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101. Quantitative Synthesis: Chapter 1. Decision To Combine Trials (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-1.pdf
     July 01, 2019 - D & E: Consider these high risk of bias situations when pooling a small number of studies: ► Small sample … sizes: Results from small trials are less reliable even when risk of bias is low.6 − If sample sizes … heterogeneity9 ► Critiques of I2: Underestimates heterogeneity in random effects models; increases as sample

102. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-risk-bias.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Selection bias The selection process determines the composition of the study sample. … Partial verification bias Only a selected sample of patients who underwent the index test is verified … Domain 1: Patient Selection Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? … Did the whole sample or a random selection of the sample receive verification using a reference standard … For the question, “Did the whole sample or a random selection of the sample receive verification using

103. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-risk-bias.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Selection bias The selection process determines the composition of the study sample. … Partial verification bias Only a selected sample of patients who underwent the index test is verified … Domain 1: Patient Selection Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled? … Did the whole sample or a random selection of the sample receive verification using a reference standard … For the question, “Did the whole sample or a random selection of the sample receive verification using

104. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/deficit-hyperactivity.pdf
     January 01, 2019 - comparison of diagnosis in primary care to diagnosis by a specialist • Randomized controlled trials with sample … the large evidence base for comparative pharmacologic treatment studies in KQ2 we increased this sample … pharmacologic treatments approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD) • Observational studies with sample … These sample size limits were seen as representing population study sizes that would be needed to substantially

105. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/adhd_research-protocol.pdf
     August 10, 2010 - Sample size There are no restrictions for study sample size. … Published Online: August 10, 2010 extraction, a calibration exercise will be conducted using a random sample … will include study characteristics (e.g., first author, country of research origin, study design, sample … history of treatment(s), age of first diagnosis, etc), study outcomes (both of benefit and of harm), sample … explore the impact of key methodological study limitations, in particular 1) percent of withdrawals, 2) sample

106. Research White Paper Managing Missing Data in Patient Registries Addendum Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes Third Edition (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/missing-data-registries-guide-3rd-ed-addendum-white-paper.pdf
     February 01, 2018 - truncation results in data missing in the observed cohort due to non-enrollment, leading the study sample … However, limiting the registry enrollment to only those newly diagnosed patients would reduce the sample … Attaining and investigating a sample of data is also a good approach, as this may inform researchers … A review of the codes contained within the sample data should be performed to understand if different … Attaining and investigating a sample of data is critical to capturing these differences and ensuring

107. Research White Paper Managing Missing Data in Patient Registries Addendum Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes Third Edition (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/missing-data-registries-guide-3rd-ed-addendum-white-paper.pdf
     February 01, 2018 - truncation results in data missing in the observed cohort due to non-enrollment, leading the study sample … However, limiting the registry enrollment to only those newly diagnosed patients would reduce the sample … Attaining and investigating a sample of data is also a good approach, as this may inform researchers … A review of the codes contained within the sample data should be performed to understand if different … Attaining and investigating a sample of data is critical to capturing these differences and ensuring

108. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/deficit-hyperactivity.pdf
     January 01, 2019 - comparison of diagnosis in primary care to diagnosis by a specialist • Randomized controlled trials with sample … the large evidence base for comparative pharmacologic treatment studies in KQ2 we increased this sample … pharmacologic treatments approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD) • Observational studies with sample … These sample size limits were seen as representing population study sizes that would be needed to substantially

109. Disposition of Comments: CER 224, Treatment of Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-224-depression-children-comments.pdf
     April 10, 2020 - for non- pharmacological interventions was based on single (as opposed to pooled) RCTs with small sample … “Depression Chronicity: In a sample with comorbid depression and substance use disorder, those with … age >12 and ≤18]: RCTs, children [sample age ≤12]) to capture all available evidence.” … I may have missed where sample sizes were characterized—so was surprised in Table 7 to learn that Ns … There is no distinction between sample sizes in the hundreds and those with 10 or so per group- all

110. Disposition of Comments: CER 224, Treatment of Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-224-depression-children-comments.pdf
     April 10, 2020 - for non- pharmacological interventions was based on single (as opposed to pooled) RCTs with small sample … “Depression Chronicity: In a sample with comorbid depression and substance use disorder, those with … age >12 and ≤18]: RCTs, children [sample age ≤12]) to capture all available evidence.” … I may have missed where sample sizes were characterized—so was surprised in Table 7 to learn that Ns … There is no distinction between sample sizes in the hundreds and those with 10 or so per group- all

111. Assessment and Management of Chronic Cough | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/chronic-cough/research
     January 07, 2013 - 11, and 12 in the full report have been updated to reflect the following changes: CQLQ--corrected sample … CQLQ--corrected sample size and correlation coefficients for French 2002 paper for Repeatability.

112. Liver-Cancer Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/liver-cancer_research-protocol.pdf
     July 24, 2013 - Sample Size Studies with very small numbers of participants (n < 20) will not be included. … See Table 2 for a sample of the proposed search strategy. … Sample of proposed search strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Imaging — Ovid MEDLINE® (1998–2013) … categories will be abstracted, including but not limited to: study design, year, setting, country, sample … We will also estimate publication bias by examining whether studies with smaller sample sizes tended

113. Renal-Cancer Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/renal-cancer_research-protocol.pdf
     April 20, 2015 - Renal mass sampling can be done by fine needle aspiration with a reading of the sample by a cytopathologist … , or by core biopsy with a reading of the sample by a surgical pathologist. … A third reviewer will audit a random sample of articles by the first two reviewers to ensure consistency … of bias in diagnostic accuracy studies Domain 1: Patient Selection Was a consecutive or random sample

114. Renal-Cancer Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/renal-cancer_executive.pdf
     February 01, 2016 - Percutaneous renal mass sampling can be performed by fine needle aspiration with a reading of the sample … evidence included 2 prospective studies and 18 retrospective observational studies that ranged in sample … dNonrandomized studies must have a minimum sample size of 500 participants. Table A. … insufficient to identify any other strong predictors of malignant versus benign pathology in this sample … The presence of an on-site pathologist to assess the adequacy of the sample was also not universally

115. Ocd-Draft-Report-Kq1-Appendix (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ocd-draft-report-kq1-appendix.xlsx
     January 01, 2022 - 0.52 52 111 3 6 7 none NA 37431399 Lambe 2021 DWS TOCS TOCS max average one off 1 discovery sample … 0.88 128 38 3 161 330 none NA 37431399 Lambe 2021 DWS TOCS TOCS total score one off 1 validation sample … 51 7 2512 489 QUADAS2 pmid first_author year extractor Was a consecutive or random sample … : We should discuss studies that enroll at least one clinical sample, e.g. … Lambe, AND a control sample. -Dale Steele Did all patients receive the same reference standard?

116. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 11 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-genetic_methods.pdf
     July 01, 2012 - reliability, types of samples, the specific analyte investigated, specific genotyping methods, timing of sample … DNA-based molecular methods and those using phenotypic assays.16–18 For DNA-based tests, a variety of sample … discussion of this topic as it relates to genetic association studies has been published elsewhere.36–37 Sample … Size Calculations When assessing internal validity of studies, it is important to assess whether sample

117. App-D-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveillance-Report-3 (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-d-opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-3.xlsx
     September 30, 2015 - controlled trials Author, Year Study Design Duration Setting Country Eligibility Criteria Interventions Sample … Oral methadone (30 to 60 mg daily) (9 assigned, 6 f/u) Overall sample: Mean age: 41 years Female sex: … B (unmatched sample) Mean age (SD): 55.6 (13.22) vs. 58.2 (12.82) years Female sex: 9.88% vs. 9.49% … ); 38,716 (matched sample) Visit counts for physical therapy, pain clinics, chiropractic care, primary … HR 1.19 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.35) Insurance Fair Salkar, 2021 Case-control, Medicare 5% National Sample

118. Cystic-Fibrosis-Hgh Surveillance (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cystic-fibrosis-hgh_surveillance.pdf
     August 01, 2012 - In addition, the study was not published in a pivotal journal, and the sample size was not larger than … Evidence Table Article ID / Cohort/First Author/Year Participants (age, sex, condition)/ Sample … Article ID / Cohort/First Author/Year Participants (age, sex, condition)/ Sample size Inclusion … Article ID / Cohort/First Author/Year Participants (age, sex, condition)/ Sample size Inclusion … Article ID / Cohort/First Author/Year Participants (age, sex, condition)/ Sample size Inclusion

119. Transcript Deliberativemethodswebinar (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/transcript_deliberativemethodswebinar.pdf
     April 19, 2012 - And the reason, generally, for a random sample of participants in a project, whether it’s a research … or a policy project or whatever, is to have a proportionally- representative sample of the population … Then a random sample should get you a statistically-proportional sample that represents, in various … So I guess what I would say is -- next slide -- that there are -- So that’s why you use a random sample … , not just the statistical representativeness of your sample, if you will.

120. Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Noncyclic Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/pelvic-pain/research-protocol
     October 19, 2010 - acceptable study size, we will use 100% Loss to follow-up: varies by study, to maximize acceptable sample … size Sample size: for an RCT with 2 groups, with 100% meeting criteria for CPP, with 0% loss to follow-up … Null hypothesis of effect size of 30%: need 176 per group, 352 total sample size would be smallest … acceptable Therefore, a conservative lower limit for sample size can be set at 50, to account for … of publication, study location (e.g., country, city, state) and time period, population description, sample