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1. Treatment of Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review - Evidence Summary (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/Evidence%20Summary_0_0.pdf
   April 01, 2020 - age >12 and ≤18]: RCTs, children [sample age ≤12]) to 5 capture all available evidence. … We also note special characteristics of the sample required for study inclusions such as females only … CBT) (CDRS): 11.1; 95% CI, 17.68 to 4.52 1 RCT (n=63)64, 65 Imprecision (small sample size), … bupropion (based on BDI) 5.2; 95% CI, 9.31 to 1.09 1 RCT (n=65)68 Imprecision (small sample … CBT) (CDRS): 11.1; 95% CI, 17.68 to 4.52 1 RCT (n=63)64, 65 Imprecision (small sample size),

2. Asthma-Immunotherapy-2011 Research (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-immunotherapy-2011_research.pdf
   January 01, 2011 - for her statistical expertise in reliability testing; Susan Duval, Ph.D., for her help estimating sample … Sample size and optimal designs for reliability studies. … (Mark the best responses): A Crude prevalence in total sample Minor flaw B Age adjusted prevalence … Size Sample size justification. … Omitted Poor reporting Prevalence in total sample Crude prevalence in total sample Minor flaw

3. Zikmund (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/zikmund.pdf
   May 29, 2025 - of risk concepts Slide  7: A Taxonomy  of Risk Concepts table with 3 columns: “Risk Concept,” “Sample … Incremental Probability Slide  8: A Taxonomy of Risk Concepts (2) table with 3 columns: “Risk Concept,” “Sample … • Relative Probability • Absolute Probability • Comparative Probability • Incremental Probability Sample … Normal/Average Slide  9: A Taxonomy of Risk  Concepts (3) table with 3 columns: “Risk Concept,” “Sample … • Relative Probability • Absolute Probability • Comparative Probability1 • Incremental Probability Sample

4. Rapid Evidence Product: Misuse of ADHD Prescription Stimulants in Adults (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/misuse-adhd-prescription-rapid-research.pdf
   July 01, 2025 - Convenience sample - posted online, only interested parties responded, so no response rate. … Correlates of nonmedical use of stimulants and methamphetamine use in a national sample. … Other: NR Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample? … Other: NR sample? … Was the data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample?

5. Template for Draft Reports (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cad-pci-bypass_appendixes.pdf
   October 06, 2006 - Sample restricted to cases of balloon angioplasty only. … Not Available Not Applicable Epstein A et al.228 HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample LOW (for … size at randomization CABG sample size at randomization Group 1 outcome 1 Specify: … size at randomization CABG sample size at randomization Group 2 outcome 1 Specify: … size at randomization CABG sample size at randomization Group 3 outcome 1 Specify:

6. Research White Paper Biorepositories Addendum Registries For Evaluating Patient Outcomes Third Edition (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/biorepositories-registries-guide-3rd-ed-addendum-white-paper.pdf
   February 01, 2018 - Sample Collection and Storage The planning of the repository includes a determination of the sample … Annotations should include the time and date stamp of sample procurement, processing, and when the sample … Sample Procurement Sample procurement protocols will be based on the sample of interest and the clinical … situation leading to sample acquisition. … It should be noted that many participants will have more than one sample and often more than one sample

7. Methods Research Report: Creating Efficiencies in the Extraction of Data From Randomized Trials (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-report-creating-efficiencies-extraction-data.pdf
   August 01, 2021 - AHRQ Publication No. 21-EHC006 August 2021 ii Key Messages Purpose of study For a sample … Sample of Randomized Trials We leveraged a random sample of randomized trials originally identified … Sample of Trials Aboud FE, Bougma K, Lemma T, Marquis GS. … Time Savings Data Analysis Results Sample of Randomized Trials A. … Sample of Trials

8. Ch 9-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_9-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
   September 21, 2012 - Investigators should also consider other factors that may reduce the effective sample size, such as … - The details of the sample size formulas and calculations, including correction for loss to … - Examples include Stata, Confidence Interval Analysis, Power Analysis and Sample Size ( … Sample size (chapter 8). In: Fundamentals of Clinical Trials. 4th edition. … The tyranny of power: Is there a better way to calculate sample size? BMJ. 2009;339:b3985. 6.

9. Disposition of Comments: Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 238 Cervical Ripening in the Outpatient Setting (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-238-cervical-ripening-outpatient-setting-comments.pdf
   March 22, 2021 - areas for future research recommendations, such as registry and quality improvement studies, specific sample … Conclusions based on total sample 9,465 women and studies ranked as low or insufficient strength. … Jean Salera- Vieira, AWHONN Discussion Conclusions are based on a total small sample that was unable … We agree that due to the small sample sizes of many of the studies, it is not possible to assess rare … evidence is not strong, and we do recommend future RCTs, in diverse populations, with large enough sample

10. App-E-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveill-Report-1 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-e-opioid-chronic-pain-surveill-report-1.xlsx
    January 01, 2021 - Observational quality assessment Author, Year Did the Study Attempt To Enroll All (or a Random Sample … Case control quality assessment Author, Year Did the Study Attempt To Enroll All or Random Sample of

11. Executive Summary_Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: 2024 Update of the Evidence Base for the PTSD Trials Standardized Data Repository (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ptsd-5-final-report-update-2024-executive-summ.pdf
    January 01, 2024 - o Overall, most studies were conducted in the United States (58%) and had sample sizes in the range … in the United States (48%), and enrolled community (not specifically military) participants (54%); sample … A total of 48,177 participants are represented; sample sizes ranged from 8 to 1,001 with most studies … The newly added studies had sample sizes ranging from 22 to 1,001, with most studies (61%) having a … sample size between 25 and 99 participants.

12. Lumbar-Fusion-Draft-Report-Appendix-E (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/lumbar-fusion-draft-report-appendix-e.xlsx
    January 01, 2023 - RefID Author Year KQ Did the study attempt to enroll a random sample or consecutive patients meeting … Quality Rating Low/Moderate/High 9290 2229 Abdu, 2009 Abdu, 2018 2 Original sample randomized No Yes … differential LTF Yes Yes Unclear Unclear Yes Moderate 8005 Austerman, 2021 4 Yes, National Inpatient sample … propensity score No NR Yes Yes Unclear Yes Yes Moderate 2964 Norton, 2015 2 Yes, nationwide inpatient sample

13. App-E-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveillance-Report-2 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-e-opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-2.xlsx
    January 01, 2021 - Observational studies quality assessment Author, Year Did the Study Attempt To Enroll All (or a Random Sample … Case control studies quality assessment Author, Year Did the Study Attempt To Enroll All or Random Sample

14. Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: 2023 Update of the Evidence Base for the PTSD Trials Standardized Data Repository (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pharma-nonpharma-ptsd-2023-update-executive-summ.pdf
    January 01, 2023 - o Overall, most studies were conducted in the United States (59%) and had sample sizes in the range … in the United States (53%), enrolled community (not specifically military) participants, and had sample … A total of 42,467 participants are represented; sample sizes ranged from 8 to 943 with most studies … The newly added studies had sample sizes ranging from 20 to 916, with most studies having a sample

15. App-E-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveillance-Report-3 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-e-opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-3.xlsx
    January 01, 2021 - Observational studies quality assessment Author, Year Did the Study Attempt To Enroll All (or a Random Sample … Case control studies quality assessment Author, Year Did the Study Attempt To Enroll All or Random Sample

16. The Effect of Protein Intake on Health (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/effect-protein-intake-protocol-amendment.pdf
    November 29, 2023 - requirements, or those being treated with medications that alter nutrient metabolism Participant sample … exclusively undernourished Participant sample exclusively with a baseline diet deficient in protein … Participant sample exclusively pre-term infant Participant sample exclusively post-bariatric surgery … exclusively undernourished Participant sample exclusively with a baseline diet deficient in protein … Participant sample exclusively post-bariatric surgery subjects Participant sample exclusively

17. Continuous-Outcomes-Quantitative-Synthesis Methods (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/continuous-outcomes-quantitative-synthesis_methods.pdf
    March 01, 2011 - If the sample size is small and the study obtained the p-value using a two-sample t-test, then the … be used for sample sizes greater than 70. … Look up the sample size on Table 1 and use the given divisor. … a sample size of 30 with a SD of 7.53 for the mean difference. … Sample variance heterogeneity.

18. Machine Learning Methods in Systematic Reviews: Identifying Quality Improvement Intervention Evaluations (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/machine-learning-quality_research.pdf
    September 01, 2012 - The sample citations were screened by one or both of the expert reviewers independently. … An additional set of reviewers also screened a literature sample. Drs. … In this reference sample, LR‘s acceptance rate was 19.3 percent and PS‘s was 11.8 percent. … Reviewers MD and SH screened a different random sample. … The performance in this reference sample was very similar to the original reviewer set.

19. Methods Future Research Needs Number 8: Framework for Considering Study Designs (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/study-design-framework_research.pdf
    March 01, 2012 - When sample size estimates are provided, the basis for the sample size calculations (e.g., event rates … Unlikely to have significant constraints on sample size. … One can perform high- level sample size calculations. … Size of the study sample may range from small to very large. … Sample sizes are generally modest.

20. Quantitative Synthesis: Chapter 2. Presenting Different Effects for Different Data Types (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-2.pdf
    February 01, 2018 - should be described in the write-up, per PRISMA guidance.1 ► Trials are required to report events and sample … Hedges’ g for SMD calculation • Hedges’ g is a transformation of Cohen’s d that adjusts for small sample … size bias.5 ► Transformation is achieved by multiplying Cohen’s d by a function of the total sample … size: 𝑔𝑔 = 𝑑𝑑 1 − 3 4𝐿𝐿 − 9 ► For very large sample sizes Cohen’s d and Hedges’ g will be … Where: N = total trial sample size Ratio of means • Ratio of means (RoM) is an alternative to the