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Total Results: 2,116 records

Showing results for "risks".

261. Ch 3-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_3-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
     September 21, 2012 - For the relative risk model, u i = log [prob(Y i (2)=1)] – log[prob(Y i (1)=1)]. … excluded from a randomized trial, but a treating clinician may decide that the benefits outweigh the risks … They used existing risk models (Framingham and Reynolds risk scores), as well as a prediction model … The average treatment effect (ATE) (relative risk) was applied to calculate individual treatment effects … Subgroup analyses in randomised controlled trials: quantifying the risks of false-positives and false-negatives

262. Systematic Review on Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 3 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-3.pdf
     June 01, 2022 - difference: CI = confidence interval; KQ = Key Question; RCT = randomized controlled trial; RR = relative … scale, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.93 to −0.67, I2=71%), likelihood of a pain response (44 trials, relative … mitigation strategies, dose- dependent risks of opioids, and management of opioid use disorder; for … In patients with chronic pain, what are the comparative risks of opioids versus nonopioid therapies … adverse events; CI = confidence interval; MD = mean difference; RCT = randomized controlled trial; RR = relative

263. Evidence Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 248: Prehabilitation and Rehabilitation for Major Joint Replacement (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/joint-replacement-evidence%20-summary.pdf
     November 01, 2021 - o Prehabilitation prior to TKA may not increase the risk of harms (low SoE). … We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the SoE using standard methods. … Prehabilitation prior to TKA may not increase the risk of harms (low SoE). … Post-acute rehabilitation may have comparable risks of harms among various rehabilitation interventions … The included studies were mostly at moderate to high risk of bias.

264. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/vte-protocol-8-4-10.pdf
     February 01, 2008 - hip replacement [THR], total knee replacement [TKR] or hip fracture surgery [HFS]) carries a high risk … For dichotomous outcomes, weighted averages will be reported as relative risks (RRs) and risk differences … Risk of bias Risk of bias is the degree to which the included studies for any given outcome or comparison … PIOPED Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis RCT Randomized controlled trial RR Relative … Low molecular weight heparin LMWH Pulmonary embolism PE PIOPED Randomized controlled trial RCT Relative

265. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/blood-clots-hip-knee-surgery_research-protocol.pdf
     February 01, 2008 - hip replacement [THR], total knee replacement [TKR] or hip fracture surgery [HFS]) carries a high risk … For dichotomous outcomes, weighted averages will be reported as relative risks (RRs) and risk differences … Risk of bias Risk of bias is the degree to which the included studies for any given outcome or comparison … PIOPED Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis RCT Randomized controlled trial RR Relative … Low molecular weight heparin LMWH Pulmonary embolism PE PIOPED Randomized controlled trial RCT Relative

266. Zikmund (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/zikmund.pdf
     May 29, 2025 - Am I at high risk or not?” … that is  higher  to this  degree.” • “My risk is  this.” • “My (group’s) risk is  this, … OR “My risk is  this   i I do X, which is higher than my risk i I do Y which is that.” • “My risk … risk for  me than that is.” • “I have bad risk.” • “My risk is  worse.” • Unclear without background … knowledge • “My risk is  worse than their  risk is.” • “My risk is  bad and worse if I do X.

267. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/angina-heart-attack-treatments_research-protocol.pdf
     December 11, 2012 - • In patients with an indication for oral anticoagulant therapy, what are the risks and benefits of … • In patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy, what are the risks and benefits of adding a PPI? … The duration of treatment and followup will be considered when evaluating the benefits and risks for … Heart failure • Previous stroke • Renal insufficiency • Type of stent • Type of vascular access Bi Risks … review; the duration of treatment and followup will be considered when evaluating the benefits and risks

268. Arthritis-Psoriatric Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/arthritis-psoriatric_executive.pdf
     April 01, 2012 - Similar to RA trials, many questions remain about the risks of these agents across a spectrum of adverse … Finally, very little is known about the benefits or risks of these drugs in different patient subgroups … studies that had a fatal flaw (defined as a methodological shortcoming that leads to a very high risk

269. Kidney-Disease-Medicine Surveillance (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kidney-disease-medicine_surveillance.pdf
     October 01, 2012 - Relative risk reduction was not significantly different than in similar patients who did not have … commission on Human medicines concluded that the benefits of rosiglitazone no longer outweigh its risks … cohort study of the association of eGFR, proteinuria and adverse clinical outcomes found that the risks … Renal outcomes in hypertensive Black patients at high cardiovascular risk. … Relative risk reduction was not significantly different than in similar patients who did not have

270. Prehospital EMS Blood Transfusion and Fluid Interventions for Hemorrhagic Shock (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ems-blood-transfusion-protocol-amendment.pdf
     February 04, 2025 - Assessment of Methodological Risk of Bias of Individual Studies We define the risk of bias as the risk … Studies will be rated as “low risk of bias,” “medium risk of bias,” or “high risk of bias.” … Studies rated “low risk of bias” are considered to have the least risk of bias, and their results are … 100-point scale SMD >0.8 RR/OR ≥2.0 Abbreviations: MD = mean difference; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative … quality improvement; RCT = randomized controlled trial; ROSC = return of spontaneous circulation; RR = relative

271. Methods-Guide-Chapter-Prioritization-And-Selection-Of-Harms-For-Inclusion-In-Systematic-Reviews (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prioritization-selection-of-harms.pdf
     February 01, 2018 - uncommon or rare harms, but be cautious about relying on indirect comparisons to judge comparative risks … , or prevent risks • Need to hold harms as the same rigorous effects as benefits … Surgery related harms: Low risk for complications with laparoscopy (<10%). … Do the comparative risks of treatment harms vary by MDD severity? … Do the benefits and risks of harms of these treatment options differ by subgroups of patients with

272. Osteoporosis-Bone-Fracture Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/osteoporosis-bone-fracture_executive.pdf
     March 01, 2012 - reduction resulting from treatments vary between individuals with different risks for fracture as … with different risks for fracture as determined by bone mineral density, risk assessment score, prior … risk. … How does fracture risk reduction resulting from treatments vary between individuals with different risks … Given the established adverse events associated with treatment, and newly identified risks such as

273. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 234 Evidence Summary: Management of Primary Headaches in Pregnancy (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-234-headaches-pregnancy-summary.pdf
     November 01, 2020 - gabapentin, and valproate may have similar adverse effect profiles, but lamotrigine may have a low risk … Lamotrigine may have a lower risk of adverse effects: no increased risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth … particular) (low to moderate SoE for specific adverse effects) and antihistamines (moderate SoE) had low risks … no increased risk or unknown risk of other fetal/child AEs, this table includes only the indicator for … increased risk.

274. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/migraine-prevention_research-protocol.pdf
     November 03, 2011 - risk). 6. … risk, and absolute risk differences. … We will evaluate the strength of the association, defining a priori a large effect when relative risk … is >2 or <0.5 and a very large effect when relative risk is >5 or <0.2. 47 We will define low magnitude … of the effect when relative risk is significant but <2.

275. Association Between Outcomes and Dental Services in People Receiving Treatments That Cause Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Rapid Response Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dental-jaw-rapid-response.pdf
     May 01, 2025 - risk of bias. … risk of bias High risk of bias Critically low confidence Critical risk of bias n/a 2.5 Data Synthesis … placed on the importance of coordinated care between dentists and healthcare providers in minimizing risks … However, prior to starting dental treatment, the dentist and patient should discuss the benefits, risks … of bias RR Relative risk SDCEP Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme SICMF Italian Society

276. Obesity (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/obesity-horizon-scan-high-impact-1412.pdf
     December 01, 2014 - Body fat distribution is also an important determinant of disease risk. … Surgery carries significant risks of morbidity and mortality, and drug therapy can have undesired side … many patients for treating obesity; however, some of these procedures are very invasive with serious risks … morbidly obese lose 10% of their excess body weight before bariatric surgery to help reduce surgical risks … The panel also voted 6- 2 in favor that the device’s benefits outweighed the risks.34 The manufacturer

277. Version 2_Risk of Reinfection From SARS-CoV-2 -- An Update of an Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Living Rapid Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/version-2-risk-of-reinfection-from-SARSCoV2_0.pdf
     December 31, 2022 - Between March and August 2021, several epidemiological studies have been published comparing infection risks … for various factors), our meta-analysis used absolute counts of events in both groups to obtain a relative … most concerning. 45 A study from Brazil suggested higher reinfection 12 risks … This estimate is formally one minus the relative risk (RR); i.e., protection estimate = 1 – RR. … Risk of Bias Outcome Ascertainment Risk of Bias Outcome Classification Risk of Bias Risk of

278. Vte-Prophyalaxis Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/vte-prophyalaxis_executive.pdf
     May 01, 2013 - For studies amenable to pooling quantitatively, we conducted meta- analysis using relative risks by … and several studies had zero events, we used the treatment arm continuity correction to estimate the relative … risks with 95% confidence intervals for the individual studies. … The low rates of such complications, the significant risks of bias in the included studies, and the … Such studies should characterize the relative risks of bleeding and thrombosis across stages of liver

279. Disposition of Comments Report for Comparative Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery and Nonsurgical Therapy in Adults With Metabolic Conditions and a Body Mass Index of 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m2 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/weight-loss-surgery_disposition-comments.pdf
     June 05, 2013 - Structured Abstract The Review’s Structured Abstract Should Further Highlight the Risks of Bariatric … Risk of metabolic disease, degree of fatness and distribution of fat vary. … The morbidity and mortality risks of obesity have been subject to multiple systematic reviews and from … conditions and a BMI of 30.0 – 34.9 kg/m2, the benefits of bariatric surgery likely outweigh the risks … The morbidity and mortality risks of obesity have been subject to multiple systematic reviews and from

280. Physiologic Predictors of the Need for Trauma Center Care: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/predictors-trauma-care_research-protocol.pdf
     May 31, 2017 - e.g., odds ratio, relative risk, hazards ratio); (2) discrimination (e.g., area under the receiver operating … of bias,” “medium risk of bias,” or “high risk of bias.” … Adjusted risk estimates may include odds ratios, risk ratios, and hazard ratios. … (e.g., odds ratio, relative risk, hazards ratio); (2) discrimination (e.g., area under the receiver … (e.g., odds ratio, relative risk, hazards ratio); (2) discrimination (e.g., area under the receiver