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Showing results for "risks".

1. Fagerlin-notes-151007 copy-Teresa (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/fagerlin-presentation.pdf
   May 29, 2025 - F or example, the risks and  benefits across various treatments is not sufficient. … S imilarly, what is a higher risk: one out of ten, hundred, a thousand? … One journal presented   the data about the effectiveness of chemotherapy using relative risks. … Oncologists who got the relative risk information were more likely to say that they would  prescribe … Behaviors are influenced   both   by beliefs and  by the feelings of risks.

2. S23 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s23.pdf
   October 01, 2007 - and Their Association With Stroke Therapy Relative Risk No. … Again, communication of frequency information rather than relative risks is critical to debate. … Benefits and harms not presented in the same metric (ie, relative risks for benefits and frequencies … For the most part, the articles discuss relative estimates (relative risks or odds ratios; Fig. 1). … Benign breast disease—the risks of commu- nicating risk �comments�.

3. A Multicenter, Observational Cohort Study to Assess the Cardiovascular Risks of Medications Prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/adhd-medicines-risks/abstract

4. Increased Risks for Random Errors Are Common in Outcomes Graded as High Certainty of Evidence | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/grant-manuscripts/increased-risks-abstract

5. Protocol for Quantitative Assessment of Benefit and Harm analysis of Aspirin for primary prevention (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-balancing-harms-benefits_research.pdf
   February 01, 2014 - risk reductions or relative risk increases of aspirin on benefit and harm outcomes did not change over … Applicability of Effects We assumed RR reductions in benefits or relative risk increases in harms, from … and equal for both groups (i.e. relative risk of 1.0). … risk reduction for MI of about 14 percent9 using the relative risk method. … CI = confidence interval, MI = Myocardial infarction, RR = Relative risk Table A-2.

6. Evidence Summary_Models of Care That Include Primary Care for Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Realist Review (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/models-care-adult-survivors-childhood-cancer-evidence-summary.pdf
   February 01, 2022 - Summary Main Points Background and Purpose Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk … literature include oncology care versus primary care, survivor and provider knowledge (e.g., survivor risks … as described by the Stakeholders: “Survivors feel confident about sharing their history, know their risks … access relevant care and services” and “PCPs understand a survivor’s history, know the survivor’s risks … to inform delivery of survivorship-related care Survivors can share their history, know their risks

7. The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/chronic-pain-opioid-treatment_executive.pdf
   September 19, 2014 - The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain Evidence-Based Practice … receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).34,35 For studies of interventions, we calculated relative … risks (RR) and associated 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) based on the information provided ( … The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid treatment of chronic pain. … The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain.

8. THIS IS OUR TEACHER! (ppt file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/communicating_risk_media_wilkes.ppt
   April 01, 2006 - , small differences between risks, and uncertainty around risks Public Expectations Public believes … million cases of breast cancer. raloxifene is already used to prevent bone loss after menopause NCI used relative … risk reductions in their promotion rather than absolute risk reductions At the press release and conference … Why are risks minimized? … new possibilities Tools to help patients better understand the health care system and risk

9. S16 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s16.pdf
   October 01, 2007 - alone, however, cannot pro- vide all the relevant information decision makers need to determine the relative … risks and benefits when choosing the best treatment of individual patients or weighing the implications … HOT indicates Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study; PPP, Primary Prevention Project; RRR, relative risk … reduction; RRI, relative risk increase. … have higher risks with surgery and are more likely to die of other causes.

10. Evidence Summary: Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 245_Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-245-breast-reconstruction-after-mastectomy-evidence-summary-updated-1.pdf
    October 01, 2021 - The risks of seroma or of unplanned repeat surgery for revision probably are comparable with or without … Compared with IBR, AR may be associated with greater risks of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism … However, ADM use and nonuse groups probably experience comparable risks of seroma (summary adjOR 1.52 … ADM use and nonuse groups may experience comparable risks of necrosis (summary adjOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.63 … ADM use impacts physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, satisfaction with breasts, pain, or risks

11. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews - Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods_methods.pdf
    March 01, 2013 - The risk difference is more highly correlated with the control rate than is the relative risk or odds … difference (RD), relative risks (RR) and odds ratios (OR). … risk reduction or relative risk increase, especially when the RR is below 2. … relative risks, especially when event risks are high (> 10%). … A similar table could also be used for reporting relative risk and NNT from binary data with minor

12. PHARMACO-EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS FOR A STUDY OF (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antipsychotic-medicine-cardiovascular-elderly_research.pdf
    February 01, 2009 - patients, evidence has been growing that conventional APM use may be associated with even greater risks … models14 as well as instrumental variable (IV) estimation.15-18 Because we observed previously9 that the relative … Antipsychotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death. … Antipsychotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death. … Antipsychotic drugs in dementia: what should be made of the risks? JAMA 2005;294:1963-1965.

13. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/osteoarthritis-pain-2006_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2006 - Each class of medication or supplement is associated with a unique balance of risks and benefits. … • Rofecoxib was withdrawn from the market in September 2004, primarily because of CV risks. … • The CV risks and GI benefits associated with different COX-2 selective NSAIDs may vary. … Celecoxib, naproxen, piroxicam, and ibuprofen were not associated with increased risks. … Assessments of increased risk were modest (relative risks all <2.0), and all of the main analyses were

14. Politi (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/politi.pdf
    May 29, 2025 - Preference-­‐Sensitive  Decisions Preference-­‐Sensitive Decisions: • BCS vs. mastectomy for average risk … Decisions With Low Evidence: • BCS vs. mastectomy for patients with unknown family  history/unknown BC risk … Slide  8: Informational Uncertainty • Unavailable evidence (studies not yet conducted) • Unknown risk … Recommendations • Describe options and uncertainty (general terms) • Focus less on quantitative risks … Explore the Decision  (Options, Benefits, Risks, Uncertainty) 3.

15. CER 229 Evidence Summary: Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-229-opioid-treatments-chronic-pain-evidence-summary.pdf
    April 01, 2020 - nonopioids alone, and opioids plus nonopioids versus opioids alone at short-term followup.16 Pooled relative … of overdose; risks were higher at increased gabapentinoid doses (SOE: low). … of overdose; risks were higher at increased gabapentinoid doses (SOE: low). … and risks related to opioid use disorder, was lacking. … Annual Surveillance Report of Drug-Related Risks and Outcomes--United States, 2017.

16. CER 218 Evidence Summary: Long-Term Drug Therapy and Drug Holidays for Osteoporosis Fracture Prevention: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-218-osteoporosis-fracture-prevention-evidence-summary.pdf
    April 01, 2019 - In women with osteoporosis, relative risk of incident radiographic vertebral fracture with long-term … Relative risks for these outcomes varied from 1 to >100 across studies, likely related to heterogeneity … Relative risks appeared higher for radiologically confirmed AFF than for cases defined only by diagnostic … a subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fracture will have AFF features, and not the relative risk of sustaining … of ONJ.41-43 Relative risk estimates varied widely between studies, likely due to heterogeneity in

17. Bar-Cohen_ ECCS2012 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/bar-cohen_-eccs2012.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - Health  Education  and Decision Making  (3 of 4) Questions to ask  when  interpreting  risks … and benefits • Risk of what? … • How big  is the change in  risk?   … • How does this risk compare to other risks? … • What  would give patients a better idea  of the risks involved in  breast  cancer?

18. Brooks_ECCS2012 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/brooks_eccs2012.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - whether to be screened for prostate cancer,   after receiving information about the uncertainties, risks … increases  the chance of findin prostate  cancer at an earlier stage. • Screening might lower a man’s risk … tests  to  find it early. • We don’t  yet  know  if the benefits of testing  outweigh the risks … Slide 16: Balanced Discussion of Pros  and Cons Two  images displaying benefits and risks titled

19. Quantitative Synthesis: Chapter 2. Presenting Different Effects for Different Data Types (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-2.pdf
    February 01, 2018 - individual trials considered in meta-analyses - More likely to be consistent even with differing baseline risks … interpretable than OR Odds Ratio (OR) - More likely to be consistent even with differing baseline risks … considered in meta-analyses - Not easily interpretable - Can be misleading when interpreted like relative … risks - Widespread use in meta-analyses may be because of convenience and history rather than an assessment … differ in baseline risk

20. 8 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguide_chou_assessing_harms_when_comparing.pdf
    November 01, 2008 - However, placebo-controlled RCTs may also provide important information on absolute and relative risks … 35 There was no clear tendency for randomized trials or observational studies to report larger relative … risks. … outcomes were more than 0.20. 76 However, the 95-percent confidence intervals for estimates of relative … risks for these three adverse events encompassed clinically significant increases in risk (-13.5 percent