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Showing results for "risk".

21. CER 244 Evidence Summary: Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-244-safety-vaccines-update-evidence-summary.pdf
    May 01, 2021 - There continues to be no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended … We documented the observed rates of adverse events and assessed the relative risks between vaccinated … some observational studies showed increased risk) Moderate: No evidence of increased risk of asthma … or to definitively exclude a risk of such adverse events. … Potential risks of rare adverse events should be weighed against the protective benefits that vaccines

22. CER 229 Evidence Summary: Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-229-opioid-treatments-chronic-pain-evidence-summary.pdf
    April 01, 2020 - nonopioids alone, and opioids plus nonopioids versus opioids alone at short-term followup.16 Pooled relative … of overdose; risks were higher at increased gabapentinoid doses (SOE: low). … of overdose; risks were higher at increased gabapentinoid doses (SOE: low). … and risks related to opioid use disorder, was lacking. … Annual Surveillance Report of Drug-Related Risks and Outcomes--United States, 2017.

23. Quantitative Synthesis: Chapter 2. Presenting Different Effects for Different Data Types (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-2.pdf
    February 01, 2018 - individual trials considered in meta-analyses - More likely to be consistent even with differing baseline risks … interpretable than OR Odds Ratio (OR) - More likely to be consistent even with differing baseline risks … considered in meta-analyses - Not easily interpretable - Can be misleading when interpreted like relative … risks - Widespread use in meta-analyses may be because of convenience and history rather than an assessment … differ in baseline risk

24. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/osteoarthritis-pain_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2011 - and nonselective) appear to be associated with increased risk of serious CV risks. … clear association between longer duration of therapy with COX-2 selective NSAIDs and increase in the relative … However, because the event rates increases in older patients, even if the relative risk estimates are … There was insufficient evidence to evaluate comparative risks of GI bleeding or CV events. … anti-inflammatory drug; OR = odds ratio; PPI = proton pump inhibitor; PUD = peptic ulcer disease; RR = relative

25. Assessing the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-bias-individual-studies_methods.pdf
    March 01, 2012 - presenting data on individual endpoints;33 2. selective outcome reporting—for example, reporting relative … Other study designs have specific and inherent risks of biases that cannot be minimized. … observational studies into the review and (2) when evaluating individual studies for design-specific risks … In assessing the risk of bias of studies, EPCs should specify constructs and risks of bias specific … The final domain, “other sources of bias,” includes design specific risks of bias, baseline imbalance

26. Kidney-Disease-Medicine Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kidney-disease-medicine_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - risks and 95 percent confidence intervals. … Relative risk reduction was not significantly different than in similar patients who did not have microalbuminuria … • Inconsistent data suggested greater relative risk reduction for several clinical vascular outcomes … Inconsistent results suggested possibly a greater relative risk reduction with beta blockers in patients … • No RCT data address whether treatments have different relative risk reduction in clinical outcomes

27. Disposition of comments_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 244: Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-244-safety-of-vaccines.pdf
    May 25, 2021 - The issue is relative risk. … The relative risk across all 19 RCTs for which we could combine data was 0.65 (95% CI 0.41, 1.05). … For consistency reasons, we have calculated the relative risk throughout; in order to calculate the … For consistency reasons, we have calculated the relative risk throughout; in order to calculate the … risk to the vaccine exposure is not presented in the abstract or how the relative risk was determined

28. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cancer-ovarian-contraceptives_research-protocol.pdf
    March 13, 2012 - 2: Do specifics of OC use (e.g., dose/formulation, age at initiation, duration of use) affect the relative … age, family history of breast and ovarian cancer, BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation status, parity) affect the relative … and relative risk (or relative risk reduction) for that outcome in OC users to generate estimates of … risk. … Venous and arterial thrombosis during oral contraceptive use: risks and risk factors.

29. Executive Summary_Systematic Review: Association of Digestible Carbohydrate Intake With Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Body Composition (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/effect-dietary-digestible-executive-summary.pdf
    March 01, 2025 - CHD and digestible carbohydrate intake (per 10% total energy intake increase: relative risk [RR]=1.17 … • Serious risk of bias. … ; RR = relative risk; SOE = strength of evidence Systematic Review of the Effect of Dietary Digestible … risk. … Abbreviations: %E=percentage of total energy intake; CI = confidence interval; RR = relative risk; SOE

30. 8 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-harms_methods.pdf
    November 01, 2008 - However, placebo-controlled RCTs may also provide important information on absolute and relative risks … 35 There was no clear tendency for randomized trials or observational studies to report larger relative … risks. … outcomes were more than 0.20. 76 However, the 95-percent confidence intervals for estimates of relative … risks for these three adverse events encompassed clinically significant increases in risk (-13.5 percent

31. 8 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguide_chou_assessing_harms_when_comparing.pdf
    November 01, 2008 - However, placebo-controlled RCTs may also provide important information on absolute and relative risks … 35 There was no clear tendency for randomized trials or observational studies to report larger relative … risks. … outcomes were more than 0.20. 76 However, the 95-percent confidence intervals for estimates of relative … risks for these three adverse events encompassed clinically significant increases in risk (-13.5 percent

32. Cancer-Ovarian-Contraceptives Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cancer-ovarian-contraceptives_executive.pdf
    June 01, 2013 - 2: Do specifics of OC use (e.g., dose/formulation, age at initiation, duration of use) affect the relative … age, family history of breast and ovarian cancer, BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation status, parity) affect the relative … Relative risk estimates were derived from the meta-analyses and other age-specific and race-specific … Relative Risk of Ovarian Cancer in OC Users in Subpopulations Separate meta-analyses were performed … Note that estimates are not adjusted for competing risks, such as hysterectomy or other-cause mortality

33. Assessing-The-Risk-Of-Bias-In-Systematic-Reviews-Of-Health-Care-Interventions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/assessing-the-risk-of-bias-in-systematic-reviews-of-health-care-interventions-01_0.pdf
    May 01, 2005 - specific to framing the focus and scope of risk-of-bias assessment; selecting risk of bias categories … Other study designs, often included in EPC reviews, have specific and inherent risks of biases that … presenting data on individual endpoints;48 (2) selectively reporting outcomes —for example, reporting relative … hypothetical trial.61 Selecting and Assessing Relevant Categories of Bias For a Review Determining the risks … potential biases (e.g., valid randomization and allocation procedures, confounding) and then focusing on risks

34. Slide 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/johnson_-ahrq-mcda-presentation.pdf
    August 27, 2012 - Treat with a prescription medicine RISK OF BLEEDING ULCER 1 patient out of 100 (1 … Relative Risk Johnson FR, Ozdemir S, Hauber AB, Kauf T. … Women's willingness to accept risk for perceived vasomotor symptom relief. … Relative Risk Johnson FR, Ozdemir S, Hauber AB, Kauf T. … Women's willingness to accept risk for perceived vasomotor symptom relief.

35. Cancer-Anemia-Update Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cancer-anemia-update_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - Table A shows data on transfusion risk. 3 Table A. Transfusion risk Variable Darbepoetin vs. … 1.59) (0.52 to 0.65) (0.51 to 0.65) (0.53 to 0.64) I2 43% 60% 0% 51% CI = confidence interval; RR = relative … Epoetin and darbepoetin conferred similar risks. Table D shows data on thromboembolic events. … CI = confidence interval; RR = relative risk 5 Rates of thromboembolic events were consistently higher … risk, accompanies their use.

36. Microsoft Word - ehcrr#2toCSI.doc (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/atypical-antipsychotics-seniors-death_research.pdf
    August 01, 2007 - was noted that this is an important issue to study in the future.7,8 In the absence of data on the risks … were more likely to be frail then users of atypical APMs this could result in an overestimation of the relative … In instrumental variable analyses, conventional APMs continued to be associated with greater risks of … Sensitivity analyses revealed that very large relative risks of 5 or greater would be needed linking … Simultaneous assessment of short-term gastrointestinal benefits and cardiovascular risks of selective

37. The Effect of Dietary Digestible Carbohydrate Intake on Risk of Cardiovascular Disease | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/risk-cardiovascular-disease/protocol

38. Making Healthcare Safer IV: Protocols for High-Risk Drugs: Reducing Adverse Drug Events Related to Anticoagulants | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/high-risk-drugs/protocol

39. Assessing-The-Risk-Of-Bias-In-Systematic-Reviews-Of-Health-Care-Interventions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/assessing-the-risk-of-bias-in-systematic-reviews-of-health-care-interventions-01.pdf
    May 01, 2005 - specific to framing the focus and scope of risk-of-bias assessment; selecting risk of bias categories … Other study designs, often included in EPC reviews, have specific and inherent risks of biases that … presenting data on individual endpoints;48 (2) selectively reporting outcomes —for example, reporting relative … hypothetical trial.61 Selecting and Assessing Relevant Categories of Bias For a Review Determining the risks … potential biases (e.g., valid randomization and allocation procedures, confounding) and then focusing on risks

40. The Effect of Dietary Digestible Carbohydrate Intake on Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/risk-cardiovascular-disease.pdf
    January 01, 2023 - dietary carbohydrate index, carbohydrate-fiber ratio, etc.) may play a major role in altering the risks … Assessment of the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies We will evaluate the risk of bias of the included … of bias studies versus estimates derived from studies at low risk of bias. … high and unclear risk of bias studies and not rate down the SOE. … RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.