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Total Results: 2,111 records

Showing results for "risk".

141. Osteoporosis-Bone-Fracture Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/osteoporosis-bone-fracture_executive.pdf
     March 01, 2012 - reduction resulting from treatments vary between individuals with different risks for fracture as … with different risks for fracture as determined by bone mineral density, risk assessment score, prior … risk. … How does fracture risk reduction resulting from treatments vary between individuals with different risks … Given the established adverse events associated with treatment, and newly identified risks such as

142. Multiple-Sclerosis Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/multiple-sclerosis_executive.pdf
     April 01, 2015 - • Because of high risk of bias and small sample sizes, evidence is insufficient to address the risks … Eight observational studies (all high risk of bias) addressed the risks of rebound disease activity … Twelve observational studies (all high risk of bias) addressed the benefits and risks to mothers and … Thus, personal preferences about risks take on more weight. … Multiple sclerosis patients’ benefit-risk preferences: serious adverse event risks versus treatment

143. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/migraine-prevention_research-protocol.pdf
     November 03, 2011 - risk). 6. … risk, and absolute risk differences. … We will evaluate the strength of the association, defining a priori a large effect when relative risk … is >2 or <0.5 and a very large effect when relative risk is >5 or <0.2. 47 We will define low magnitude … of the effect when relative risk is significant but <2.

144. Physiologic Predictors of the Need for Trauma Center Care: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/predictors-trauma-care_research-protocol.pdf
     May 31, 2017 - e.g., odds ratio, relative risk, hazards ratio); (2) discrimination (e.g., area under the receiver operating … of bias,” “medium risk of bias,” or “high risk of bias.” … Adjusted risk estimates may include odds ratios, risk ratios, and hazard ratios. … (e.g., odds ratio, relative risk, hazards ratio); (2) discrimination (e.g., area under the receiver … (e.g., odds ratio, relative risk, hazards ratio); (2) discrimination (e.g., area under the receiver

145. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 234 Evidence Summary: Management of Primary Headaches in Pregnancy (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-234-headaches-pregnancy-summary.pdf
     November 01, 2020 - gabapentin, and valproate may have similar adverse effect profiles, but lamotrigine may have a low risk … Lamotrigine may have a lower risk of adverse effects: no increased risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth … particular) (low to moderate SoE for specific adverse effects) and antihistamines (moderate SoE) had low risks … no increased risk or unknown risk of other fetal/child AEs, this table includes only the indicator for … increased risk.

146. Nonpharmacological Versus Pharmacological Treatment for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: Current State of the Evidence (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/major-depressive-disorder_clinician.pdf
     September 01, 2016 - . �� Low-level evidence suggests that the risk of adverse events and the rates of discontinuation due … statistically significant difference; CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; CI = confidence interval; RR = relative … risk; SGA = second-generation antidepressant; SOE = strength of evidence Table 1: Summary of the … Black Box Warnings for Drugs Used To Treat MDD Drug(s) FDA Black Box Warning All SGAs �� Increased risks … effective nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment options are available for MDD �� The risks

147. Kidney-Disease-Medicine Surveillance (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kidney-disease-medicine_surveillance.pdf
     October 01, 2012 - Relative risk reduction was not significantly different than in similar patients who did not have … commission on Human medicines concluded that the benefits of rosiglitazone no longer outweigh its risks … cohort study of the association of eGFR, proteinuria and adverse clinical outcomes found that the risks … Renal outcomes in hypertensive Black patients at high cardiovascular risk. … Relative risk reduction was not significantly different than in similar patients who did not have

148. Politi (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/politi.pdf
     May 29, 2025 - Preference-­‐Sensitive  Decisions Preference-­‐Sensitive Decisions: • BCS vs. mastectomy for average risk … Decisions With Low Evidence: • BCS vs. mastectomy for patients with unknown family  history/unknown BC risk … Slide  8: Informational Uncertainty • Unavailable evidence (studies not yet conducted) • Unknown risk … Recommendations • Describe options and uncertainty (general terms) • Focus less on quantitative risks … Explore the Decision  (Options, Benefits, Risks, Uncertainty) 3.

149. Han (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/han.pdf
     December 26, 2012 - based input for shared decision  making, by providing estimates of the individual probabilities of risks … Slide 21: Representing  indeterminacy in risk estimates: new approaches • Limited  evidence on … effectiveness o No apparent effects on risk perceptions o Increase subjective uncertainty about   … One bar shows risk  as a solid bar.  The other shows risk  as a blurred bar.   … Slide 25: Methodological problems • Separation of strength of recommendation (risk) vs. quality  

150. Masks for Prevention of COVID-19 in Community and Healthcare Settings (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-review-masks-prevention-covid-version-1.pdf
     December 01, 2021 - in risk of clinical respiratory illness. … Risk factors for SARS infection within hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. … incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by health workers Relative … Risk factors for SARS infection within hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. … Risk of Bias Assessments Appendix E. Ongoing Studies Report References

151. Observed Association Between Antidepressant Use and Pneumonia Risk Was Confounded by Comorbidity Measures (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antidepressants-seniors-pneumonia_research.pdf
     May 01, 2008 - Observed Association Between Antidepressant Use and Pneumonia Risk Was Confounded by Comorbidity Measures … Health Care Number 5 Research Reports Observed Association Between Antidepressant Use and Pneumonia Risk … The exposure odds ratio in nested case-control studies with competing risks. … Risk factors for community- acquired pneumonia diagnosed upon hospital admission. … Risk of community- acquired pneumonia and use of gastric acid- suppressive drugs.

152. Kidney-Stone-Prevention Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/kidney-stone-prevention_research-protocol.pdf
     June 15, 2011 - RevMan) version 5.0 software. 33 Random effects models will be used to generate pooled estimates of relative … risks and 95 percent confidence intervals. … The risk of bias—based on study design and conduct—will be rated low, medium, or high. … Prospective study of beverage use and the risk of kidney stones. … History of kidney stones as a possible risk factor for chronic kidney disease.

153. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Wellbeing and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ped-mindfulness-protocol-amendment.pdf
     February 05, 2025 - Assessment of Methodological Risk of Bias of Individual Studies: We define the risk of bias as the risk … We will assess the risk of bias for each included study using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (ROB2) tool … 100-point scale SMD >0.8 RR/OR ≥2.0 Abbreviations: MD = mean difference; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative … risk; SMD = standardized mean difference. … Strategies; PedsQL = Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; RADS = Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale; RR = relative

154. Systematic Review on Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioids-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-1-final.pdf
     April 01, 2022 - increased likelihood of experiencing a pain response (>30% reduction in pain intensity, 60% vs. 35%, relative … In patients with chronic pain, what are the risks of opioids versus placebo or no opioid on: (1) opioid … In patients with chronic pain, what are the comparative risks of opioids versus nonopioid therapies … In patients with chronic pain, what are the comparative risks of opioids plus nonopioid interventions … Risk Assessment and Risk Mitigation Strategies: a.

155. Systematic Review on Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 2 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-2.pdf
     April 01, 2022 - mitigation strategies, dose-dependent risks of opioids, and management of opioid use disorder, all … In patients with chronic pain, what are the risks of opioids versus placebo or no opioid on: (1) opioid … In patients with chronic pain, what are the comparative risks of opioids versus nonopioid therapies … In patients with chronic pain, what are the comparative risks of opioids plus nonopioid interventions … Experiencing the Risks of Overutilizing Opioids Among Patients With Non-Tumor Chronic Pain in Ambulant

156. Rapid Evidence Product: Masks for Prevention of COVID-19 in Community and Healthcare Settings Version 2 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-review-masks-prevention-covid-version-2.pdf
     December 01, 2021 - of infection with SARS-CoV-2, 15 studies on risk of infection with SARS-CoV-1, and one study on risk … in risk of clinical respiratory illness. … Risk factors for SARS infection within hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. … incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by health workers Relative … Risk factors for SARS infection within hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam.

157. EHC Protocol: Making Healthcare Safer IV: Opioid Stewardship (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mhs4-opioid-stewardship-protocol.pdf
     July 01, 2023 - However, opioids also carry well known risks, including for overdose, misuse, and opioid use disorder … tapering of opioids causing withdrawal, distress, and suicidal ideation.3 Thus, any approach to mitigate risks … The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain. … Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic: Balancing Societal and Individual Benefits and Risks of Prescription … The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.

158. Making Healthcare Safer IV: Fatigue and Sleepiness of Clinicians Due to Hours of Service (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/fatigue-sleepiness-protocol.pdf
     July 01, 2023 - Patient safety risks due to fatigue and sleepiness of healthcare workers were not addressed in MHS … Fatigue Risk Management in the Workplace. … How effective are Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS)? A review. … The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. … ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non- randomised studies of interventions.

159. Cesarean-Birth-2010 Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cesarean-birth-2010_executive.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - reduce fear of labor, education about how to push in labor, and preemptive management of specific risks … of using a partogram to graph labor progress along with active management to augment labor (7.4%, relative … We did not include studies focused only on high-risk populations. … Previous cesarean delivery and risks of placenta previa and placental abruption. … Physician contribution to a cesarean delivery risk model.

160. CER 173 Executive Summary: Diabetes Medications for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: An Update (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/diabetes-update-2015_executive.pdf
     January 01, 2015 - strength of evidence that sulfonylurea monotherapy was associated with a 50-percent to 70-percent higher relative … difference; RR = relative risk; SOE = strength of evidence. … Sulfonylurea monotherapy was associated with a 50-percent to 70-percent higher relative risk of cardiovascular … These other monotherapies’ effects on body weight vary, as do their risks, such as congestive heart … medications on weight, hypoglycemia, and gastrointestinal and other side effects; tolerance of unknown risks