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Showing results for "risk".

1. S23 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s23.pdf
   October 01, 2007 - and Their Association With Stroke Therapy Relative Risk No. … Again, communication of frequency information rather than relative risks is critical to debate. … Benefits and harms not presented in the same metric (ie, relative risks for benefits and frequencies … For the most part, the articles discuss relative estimates (relative risks or odds ratios; Fig. 1). … Benign breast disease—the risks of commu- nicating risk �comments�.

2. CER 218 Evidence Summary: Long-Term Drug Therapy and Drug Holidays for Osteoporosis Fracture Prevention: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-218-osteoporosis-fracture-prevention-evidence-summary.pdf
   April 01, 2019 - In women with osteoporosis, relative risk of incident radiographic vertebral fracture with long-term … Relative risks for these outcomes varied from 1 to >100 across studies, likely related to heterogeneity … Relative risks appeared higher for radiologically confirmed AFF than for cases defined only by diagnostic … a subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fracture will have AFF features, and not the relative risk of sustaining … of ONJ.41-43 Relative risk estimates varied widely between studies, likely due to heterogeneity in

3. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews - Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods_methods.pdf
   March 01, 2013 - The risk difference is more highly correlated with the control rate than is the relative risk or odds … difference (RD), relative risks (RR) and odds ratios (OR). … risk reduction or relative risk increase, especially when the RR is below 2. … relative risks, especially when event risks are high (> 10%). … A similar table could also be used for reporting relative risk and NNT from binary data with minor

4. Fagerlin-notes-151007 copy-Teresa (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/fagerlin-presentation.pdf
   May 29, 2025 - F or example, the risks and  benefits across various treatments is not sufficient. … S imilarly, what is a higher risk: one out of ten, hundred, a thousand? … One journal presented   the data about the effectiveness of chemotherapy using relative risks. … Oncologists who got the relative risk information were more likely to say that they would  prescribe … Behaviors are influenced   both   by beliefs and  by the feelings of risks.

5. Protocol for Quantitative Assessment of Benefit and Harm analysis of Aspirin for primary prevention (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-balancing-harms-benefits_research.pdf
   February 01, 2014 - risk reductions or relative risk increases of aspirin on benefit and harm outcomes did not change over … Applicability of Effects We assumed RR reductions in benefits or relative risk increases in harms, from … and equal for both groups (i.e. relative risk of 1.0). … risk reduction for MI of about 14 percent9 using the relative risk method. … CI = confidence interval, MI = Myocardial infarction, RR = Relative risk Table A-2.

6. Prostate-Cancer-Risk-Assessment-Genes Executive (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-risk-assessment-genes_executive.pdf
   July 01, 2012 - by positive and negative test results Availability and impact of effective interventions Health risks … negatively impact individuals, families, and society Stigmatization Discrimination Psychological harms Risks … Relative risk of prostate cancer for men with affected relatives: Systematic review and meta-analysis … Risks and benefits of population-based genetic testing for Mendelian subsets of common diseases were … A critical appraisal of the scientific basis of commercial genomic profiles used to assess health risks

7. Grades-Predictive-Values White-Paper-2015 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/grades-predictive-values_white-paper-2015.pdf
   January 01, 2015 - risks. … A relative risk increase or reduction of less than 25 percentage points for dichotomous outcomes and … relative risk increase/reduction of less than 50 percentage points or less than 0.5 SMD. … Overall, the pooled estimate of all ratios of relative risks indicated that first trials, on average … , did not favor treatment effects of the experimental intervention (ratio of relative risks: 1.03, 95%

8. S16 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s16.pdf
   October 01, 2007 - alone, however, cannot pro- vide all the relevant information decision makers need to determine the relative … risks and benefits when choosing the best treatment of individual patients or weighing the implications … HOT indicates Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study; PPP, Primary Prevention Project; RRR, relative risk … reduction; RRI, relative risk increase. … have higher risks with surgery and are more likely to die of other causes.

9. Developing and Piloting a Tool To Create Dot Plots To Summarize Pooled Data for Multiple Outcomes in Systematic Reviews (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dot-plots-methods.pdf
   October 01, 2021 - risk with 95 percent confidence intervals as well as the absolute rates in each arm. … risks) in the same format as the dot plots. … risk and 95 percent confidence interval. … and control groups along with the proportion of patients who experienced an outcome in each group, relative … risk; SOE = strength of evidence Figure 2.

10. Developing and Piloting a Tool To Create Dot Plots To Summarize Pooled Data for Multiple Outcomes in Systematic Reviews (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/dot-plots-methods.pdf
    October 01, 2021 - risk with 95 percent confidence intervals as well as the absolute rates in each arm. … risks) in the same format as the dot plots. … risk and 95 percent confidence interval. … and control groups along with the proportion of patients who experienced an outcome in each group, relative … risk; SOE = strength of evidence Figure 2.

11. Topic 0438 Risk stratification and CAD NSD FINAL_SJ-2 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND-0520-131115.pdf
    May 29, 2025 - Topic 0438 Risk stratification and CAD NSD FINAL_SJ-2 Risk stratification …  The topic, Non-invasive Tests to Diagnose Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease and to Risk … Non-invasive Tests to Diagnose Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease and Summary: to Risk … Multiple non-invasive tests (NITs) are available to aid the evaluation of patients at intermediate risk … There is no clear guidance of what the test or combination of tests to use for patients with different risks

12. The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/chronic-pain-opioid-treatment_executive.pdf
    September 19, 2014 - The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain Evidence-Based Practice … receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).34,35 For studies of interventions, we calculated relative … risks (RR) and associated 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) based on the information provided ( … The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid treatment of chronic pain. … The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain.

13. Methods-Balancing-Harms-Benefits Research-2012 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-balancing-harms-benefits_research-2012.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - difference and relative risk and is an information- preserving approach. … If reviewers only presented the relative risk, it would not be possible to obtain the risk difference … along with 39 relative risks. 9 Systematic reviewers should conduct the quantitative assessment … Additive Risk versus Additive Relative Risk Models. Epidemiology. 1993; 4:32- 6. 29. … Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions.

14. Disposition of Comments for Epoetin and Darbepoetin for Managing Anemia in Patients Undergoing Cancer Treatment (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cancer-anemia-update_disposition-comments.pdf
    April 25, 2013 - Is it appropriate to focus exclusively on relative risk here? … also be smaller even if relative risk exceeds that seen with a larger baseline risk. … Whether to employ a relative risk that is constant or one that varies with underlying absolute risk … Which two relative risk estimates are being compared? … Control arm mortality versus relative risk.

15. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-cancer-medications_disposition-comments.pdf
    March 10, 2010 - Introduction Women need to understand what their own risks are of death as a result of breast cancer … for that subgroup, or difference in relative risk. … We agree, sorting out baseline risks from elevated relative risks is confusing. … We have included relative risk estimates for each subgroup in the text when they are calculated. … (older age) versus relative risk of treatment.

16. Disposition of Comments Report for Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Prevention (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pressure-ulcer-prevention_disposition-comments.pdf
    May 08, 2013 - For eg., Is it what the study authors reported or did the review authors calculate relative risk for … The problem is that heel ulcers develop in neuropathic and ischemic patients, risks for whom the scales … This corresponded to a relative risk of developing a pressure ulcer of 1.57 in the control group compared … We calculated a standard relative risk with 95% CI based on the incidence rates reported in the trial … factors to identify persons with potentially reducible risks.

17. Blood-Clots-Hip-Knee-Surgery Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/blood-clots-hip-knee-surgery_executive.pdf
    March 01, 2012 - Lastly, in contemporary practice, the risks of VTE, PE, and DVT and the causal link between DVT and … risks with associated 95 percent confidence intervals. … Peto’s OR was chosen over relative risk when the control event rate was exceptionally low (less than … of proximal and distal DVT (relative risk reduction [RRR] 47 percent and 41 percent, respectively) … Relative Risks (RRs): The ratio of an event occurring in an exposed group to an event occurring in a

18. The Use of Conjoint Analysis to Elicit Patient Preferences in Selecting Treatment Endpoints (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/mcda-johnson.pdf
    August 27, 2012 - Serious Side-Effect Risks-- RISK OF BLEEDING ULCER 1 patient out of 100 (1%) will have a bleeding … Serious Side-Effect Risks-- RISK OF HEART ATTACK or STROKE 5 patients out of 100 (5%) will have a … Fracture Risk 5-year treatment – related risk of a renal failure 10.0 5.9 6.8 10.0 Lescrauwaet … Each set has a bar for: absolute risk and relative risk. There are no data points. … Each set has a bar for: absolute risk and relative riskThere is a dashed line labeled WHI Risk across

19. Evidence Summary: Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 238: Cervical Ripening (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-238-cervical-ripening-evidence-summary.pdf
    March 01, 2021 - Primary birth outcome: cesarean delivery Key Question Intervention Findingsa Studies Incidence Relative … vs. 40% RR 0.98 (0.80 to 1.22) CI = confidence interval; RCT = randomized controlled trial; RR = relative … Primary fetal harms outcomes Key Question Intervention Outcome Findingsa Studies Incidence Relative … difference; RR = relative risk a Difference of <1% = little or no difference; >1% to 3% = small difference … Primary maternal harms outcomes Key Question Intervention Outcome Findingsa Studies Incidence Relative

20. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/gestational-diabetes-screening-diagnosis_research-protocol.pdf
    December 16, 2011 - uncertainty exists regarding whether treatment to reduce maternal glucose levels decreases the risks … This will be done using the Mantel-Haenszel method for relative risks and the inverse variance method … For dichotomous outcomes, we will compute relative risks to estimate between-group differences. … correction factor of 0.5 will be added to each cell of the 2x2 table in order to obtain estimates of the relative … risk.