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Total Results: 3,111 records

Showing results for "risk".

181. PHARMACO-EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS FOR A STUDY OF (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antipsychotic-medicine-mortality-elderly_research.pdf
     March 01, 2009 - Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare risks of developing the specific cause of death … with dementia. 1 “Black box” warnings were added to labels of all atypical APMs describing these risks … mainly from studies in younger populations, some have suggested that conventional APMs could pose risks … the first warnings regarding atypical agents and stroke, to avoid overestimating cerebrovascular risks … Antipsychotic drugs in dementia: what should be made of the risks?

182. ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF INCLUDED STUDIES (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/assessing-the-risk-of-bias_draft-report.pdf
     June 02, 2011 - protocol Yes No No Conflict of interest No No Yes (optional domain of publication bias ) Types of Risks … Each study design has specific risks of bias that may differ depending on the clinical question. … classes of evidence into the review and (2) when evaluating individual studies for design-specific risks … to include observational studies, then the review team needs to evaluate each study based on the risks … presenting data on individual endpoints; 26 2. selective outcome reporting—for example, reporting relative

183. Inguinal-Hernia Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/inguinal-hernia_executive.pdf
     August 01, 2012 - The various surgeries include a constellation of benefits and risks, which presents some clinical uncertainty … In the choice of effect size metrics, for hernia recurrence we used the relative risk (RR) because … Thus, only a relative-risk meta-analysis for hernia recurrence would include all the studies. … high risk of bias. … Relative risk, 0.82 (CI, 0.70 to 0.96) Low Time to return to daily activities Favors lap. 7.4 days

184. Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1-3: Screening, Monitoring, and Treatment (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kidney-disease-medicine_disposition-comments.pdf
     August 01, 2012 - on benefits and risks of screening, monitoring and treatment. … has been made to describe the impact of CKD stage (e.g., 1 versus 2 versus 3) on the benefits and risks … Stages 1 to 3 CKD conferred significant increases in the relative risk of all 5 parameters assessed … factors (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, etc.) on the benefits and risks of CKD screening, monitoring … factors including race on the benefits and risks of CKD screening, monitoring and treatment.

185. Analgesics for Osteoarthritis: An Update of the 2006 Comparative Effectiveness Review | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/osteoarthritis-pain/research
     December 01, 2019 - of each body of evidence using predefined criteria, which included the type and number of studies; risk … Celecoxib and most nonselective, nonaspirin NSAIDs appeared to be associated with an increased risk of … There was no clear association between longer duration of NSAID use or higher doses and increased risk … of gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events, and higher risk of dermatological adverse events, but serious … Conclusions Each of the analgesics evaluated in this report was associated with a unique set of risks

186. Migraine-Prevention Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/migraine-prevention_executive.pdf
     June 01, 2013 - Using Meta-Analyst and STATA® software, we calculated the relative risk and absolute risk difference … We evaluated the strength of the association a priori, defining a large effect as having relative risk … >2 and a very large effect as having relative risk >5.21 We defined low magnitude of effect as having … relative risk that was significant but <2. … Future studies should also specifically examine the effects and risks of off-label drug use for migraine

187. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cancer-anemia_executive.pdf
     May 01, 2006 - Hb response rates: Number of studies reporting 6 15 3 Patients analyzed 2,205 3,293 659 Pooled relative … Transfusion rates: Number of studies reporting 6 34 4 Patients analyzed 2,158 5,210 950 Pooled relative … Thromboembolic events: Number of studies reporting 3 30 1 Patients analyzed 1,879 6,092 314 Pooled relative … meaningfully different. 3 Since there was only one trial, this result is a single-study (not pooled) relative … risk.

188. Disposition of Comments CER 214 Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-214-afib-disposition-comments.pdf
     October 30, 2019 - As mentioned above, I believe there is a gap in research on the relative risks and benefits of anticoagulation … clear that the key quantities needed for rational treatment choice are the differences in absolute risks … of risk. … Results Would be helpful to report absolute rates of major CVA and major bleeds to help interpret the relative … Given the amount of evidence we have focused our report on the relative risk estimates. 129.

189. Comparative Effectiveness of β-Adrenergic Antagonists on the Risk of Rehospitalization in Adults with Heart Failure (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/heart-failure-rehospitalization_research.pdf
     November 01, 2007 - risks of rehospitalization for heart failure within 12 months were not significantly different among … nebivolol (1.25 to 10 mg per day) or placebo.(17) Patients in the nebivolol arm had a 14% (P=0.039) lower relative … each β-blocker before and after the index hospitalization, there was no significant difference in the relative … Of note, there was a 28-29% higher adjusted relative risks of rehospitalization associated with receiving … Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization.

190. Research White Paper - Assessing the Predictive Validity of Strength of Evidence Grades: A Meta-Epidemiological Study (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/grades-predictive-values_white-paper.pdf
     September 01, 2015 - risks or odds ratios for binary outcomes or as weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences … Change in magnitude of effect Difference in magnitude of effects is smaller than a relative risk change … Change in magnitude of effect Difference in magnitude of effects is smaller than a relative risk change … Change in magnitude of effect • For graded effects with small treatment effects (relative risk 0.5 … • For graded estimates with large treatment effects (relative risk <0.5 and >2.00, or SMD >0.8):

191. Tx-For-Localized-Prostate-Cancer Surveillanceassesment 20120614 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/tx-for-localized-prostate-cancer_surveillanceassesment_20120614.pdf
     May 01, 2012 - What are the comparative risks, benefits, and outcomes of therapies? … However, the adjusted relative risk of surgery-related complications was lower in patients treated … What are the comparative risks, benefits, and outcomes of therapies? … What are the comparative risks, benefits, and outcomes of therapies? … However, the adjusted relative risk of surgery-related complications was lower in patients treated

192. Tx-For-Localized-Prostate-Cancer Surveillanceassesment 20120614 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/tx-for-localized-prostate-cancer_surveillanceassesment_20120614.pdf
     May 01, 2012 - What are the comparative risks, benefits, and outcomes of therapies? … However, the adjusted relative risk of surgery-related complications was lower in patients treated … What are the comparative risks, benefits, and outcomes of therapies? … What are the comparative risks, benefits, and outcomes of therapies? … However, the adjusted relative risk of surgery-related complications was lower in patients treated

193. Antidepressant Treatment of Depression During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-pregnancy-postpartum_executive.pdf
     July 01, 2014 - in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks … in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks … women who did not use an antidepressant during pregnancy but whose depression status was unknown (relative … We know, however, that some baseline risks are associated with depression during pregnancy; this fact … Nonpharmacological treatments are generally thought to have fewer risks than antidepressants.

194. Stroke Prevention in Atr ial Fibr illation Patients: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/stroke-afib-update_research-protocol-amended.pdf
     October 27, 2017 - Treatment Description to better understand the relative … risks and benefits of these drugs based on individual patient characteristics. … A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up … "[Mesh] OR risk[tiab] OR risks[tiab] OR "Predictive Value of Tests"[Mesh] OR predict[tiab] OR predicts … "[Mesh] OR risk[tiab] OR risks[tiab] OR "Safety"[Mesh] OR safety[tiab] OR safe[tiab] OR "Incidence"[

195. Recurrent Nephrolithiasis in Adults: A Comparative Effectiveness Review of Preventive Medical Strategies | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/kidney-stone-prevention/research-protocol
     December 01, 2019 - RevMan) version 5.0 software. 33 Random effects models will be used to generate pooled estimates of relative … risks and 95 percent confidence intervals. … Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones. JAMA 2005 Sep;293(4):455-62. … Prospective study of beverage use and the risk of kidney stones. … History of kidney stones as a possible risk factor for chronic kidney disease.

196. Bladder-Cancer-Non-Muscle-Invasive Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/bladder-cancer-non-muscle-invasive_executive.pdf
     October 01, 2015 - number of available tests and testing strategies, and potential tradeoffs in diagnostic accuracy, risks … We calculated relative risks (RRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on the information … risk of adverse events (SOE: low) … optimized administration to be associated with lower risk of recurrence and increased risk of local … NMIBC = non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer; NMP22 = nuclear matrix protein 22; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative

197. Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Opioids, Opioid Misuse, and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-older-adults/report
     January 01, 2022 - The current literature on risk factors is mostly sparse, particularly for the most relevant patient-centered … studies that looked at prior or early postoperative opioid use found mostly strong associations (e.g., relative … risk [RR] >2.0) with long-term opioid use. … These included factors associated with opioid use disorder, high-risk obtainment of prescription opioids … , none specifically assessed "appropriate" reduction of opioid prescriptions or use (e.g., when the risks

198. Evidence Summary Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 250: Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-other-plant-based-treatments-evidence-summary_0.pdf
     October 01, 2021 - There may be a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea … of sedation, and large increased risk of nausea. … Synthetic THC is probably associated with a large increased risk of dizziness. … -point scale • SMD >0.8 • RR/OR ≥2.0 Abbreviations: MD = mean difference; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative … risk; SMD = standardized mean difference.

199. Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: Developing and Prioritizing a Future Research Agenda (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cesarean-birth-future_research.pdf
     August 09, 2012 - risk, and how best to communicate risks of TOL vs. … to different ways of framing risk, and how best to communicate risks of TOL vs. … risk, and how best to communicate risks of TOL vs. … ways of framing risk, and how best to communicate risks of TOL vs. … to different ways of framing risk, and how best to communicate risks of TOL vs.

200. Nonpharmacological Versus Pharmacological Treatment for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: Current State of the Evidence (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/major-depressive-disorder_clinician.pdf
     September 01, 2016 - . �� Low-level evidence suggests that the risk of adverse events and the rates of discontinuation due … statistically significant difference; CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; CI = confidence interval; RR = relative … risk; SGA = second-generation antidepressant; SOE = strength of evidence Table 1: Summary of the … Black Box Warnings for Drugs Used To Treat MDD Drug(s) FDA Black Box Warning All SGAs �� Increased risks … effective nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment options are available for MDD �� The risks