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Showing results for "risk".

141. Chapter 5: Assessing Risk of Bias as a Domain of Quality in Medical Test Studies | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-bias/methods
     December 01, 2019 - Reviewers can also conclude an overall summary of unclear risk for poorly reported studies. … Summarizing risk of bias based on several outcomes within a study is not recommended. … Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. … Systematic review: family history in risk assessment for common diseases. … Assessing risk of bias as a domain of quality in medical test studies.

142. Management of Primary Headaches in Pregnancy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/headaches-pregnancy/research
     June 01, 2022 - Thus, as discussed above, some harms, such as the risks of NSAIDs when used after 32 weeks of gestation … However, the risks involved in using the same drugs for treatment of other conditions (e.g., seizures … , psychosis, depression) may not translate well to the risks for women with primary headaches because … the underlying risks of fetal/child adverse effects may differ. … frequently used by clinicians and sometimes incorporated into discussions with patients about potential risks

143. Evidence-Summary-CER-206-Sodium-And-Potassium-Intake-Effects-On-Chronic-Disease-Outcomes-And-Risk (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-206-evidence-summary-sodium-potassium.pdf
     June 01, 2018 - Effectiveness Review Number 206 Sodium and Potassium Intake: Effects on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Risks … CVD, stroke, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease.16 Lowering blood pressure lowers these risks … through 2002) and updated evidence, regarding sodium and potassium intakes, blood pressure, and the risks … Quality (Risk of Bias) Assessment of Individual Studies Risk of bias (RoB) of eligible studies was … Sodium and Potassium Intake: Effects on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Risks.

144. Effects of Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related Risk Factors | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/sodium-potassium/research-protocol
     January 01, 2019 - CVD, stroke, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease and lowering blood pressure lowers these risks … Assessment of Methodological Risk of Bias of Individual Studies We will assess the methodological risk … standardized mean differences (SMD), dichotomous incident and prevalence outcomes will be reported as relative … risks (RR), and mortality data will be reported as hazard ratios (HR), all together with the 95% confidence … non-linear dose-response meta-regressions to examine the associations between dietary intake levels and the risks

145. The Effect of Protein Intake on Health (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/effect-protein-intake-protocol-amendment.pdf
     November 29, 2023 - will be rated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.033 as low risk, some concerns (moderate risk … , moderate risk, or high risk. … Sodium and Potassium Intake: Effects on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Risks. … Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Timing, and Study design/setting RCT Randomized Controlled Trial RR Relative … Risk RoB Risk of Bias TOO Task Order Officer about:blank 16 U.S.

146. preoperative-testing-protocol-130514 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/preoperative-testing_research-protocol.pdf
     May 14, 2013 - ordering clinician based on an individualized assessment of the patient’s medical history and perceived risks … We will use the Cochrane risk of bias tool,11 which asks about risk of selection bias, performance … The specific analyses to be performed will depend on the available evidence, but it is expected that relative … risks or odds ratios of outcomes will be meta-analyzed. … online: May 14, 2013 12 (e.g., the upper bound of the 95-percent confidence interval of the relative

147. Ptsd-Adults-Trauma-Interventions Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ptsd-adults-trauma-interventions_executive.pdf
     April 01, 2013 - KQ 4: For adults exposed to psychological trauma, what are the absolute and comparative risks of harms … For binary outcomes (e.g., incidence of PTSD), we calculated the relative risk (RR) between groups. … ; n = subset of sample; PE = prolonged exposure therapy; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; RR = relative … of Harms Little evidence exists addressing either the general or the comparative risks of harms from … Evidence addressing the absolute risks or comparative risks of harms from early interventions intended

148. Coronary-Artery-Stenting Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/coronary-artery-stenting_executive.pdf
     February 01, 2013 - diagnostic information produced actually translates into benefits for patients that outweigh the risks … of MI in the FFR group (relative risk [RR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40 to 0.95). … of Relative Risk† (95% CI) All-cause mortality In-hospital 3 (925) No events (3 RCTs) 2 (1,802) … †A relative risk <1 indicates a favorable effect with IVUS use. … †A relative risk <1 indicates a favorable effect with IVUS use.

149. The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/chronic-pain-opioid-treatment
     March 01, 2021 - SHARE: The Effectiveness and Risks … originally created December 2020 Internet Citation: The Effectiveness and Risks

150. Evidence Summary_Models of Care That Include Primary Care for Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Realist Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/models-care-adult-survivors-childhood-cancer-evidence-summary.pdf
     February 01, 2022 - Summary Main Points Background and Purpose Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk … literature include oncology care versus primary care, survivor and provider knowledge (e.g., survivor risks … as described by the Stakeholders: “Survivors feel confident about sharing their history, know their risks … access relevant care and services” and “PCPs understand a survivor’s history, know the survivor’s risks … to inform delivery of survivorship-related care Survivors can share their history, know their risks

151. Underage Drinking | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/underage-drinking
     Drinking by young people has big health and safety risks. … decisions about engaging in risky behavior, such as drinking and driving or unprotected sex Increases the risk … to other problems, such as trouble in school May interfere with brain development Increases the risk

152. Kidney-Stone-Prevention Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kidney-stone-prevention_executive.pdf
     March 01, 2013 - Manager (RevMan) version 5.1 software.34 We used random effects models to generate pooled estimates of relative … risks and 95 percent confidence intervals. … Insufficient CI = 95 percent confidence interval; KQ = Key Question; RCT = randomized controlled trial; RR = relative … risk. … Insufficient CI = 95 percent confidence interval; KQ = Key Question; RCT = randomized controlled trial; RR = relative

153. Disposition of Comments for Treatment To Prevent Fractures in Men and Women With Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis -- Update of a 2007 Report (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/osteoporosis-bone-fracture_disposition-comments.pdf
     March 01, 2012 - The effect sizes, usually as relative risk reduction, are included in the results for both pooled findings … calcium nor raloxifene reduce the risks of hip or non-vertebral fractures. … Notably, the specific numbers are referred to as Relative Risk (RR) ratio in the text and Odds Ratio … The review cites an increased relative risk of 1.27, citing an article, Bolland et al., 2010 J. … Only relative risk data are shown. Some RRs are quite high, but the event is quite rare.

154. MEDLINE Searches (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-cancer-medications_appendixes.pdf
     March 01, 2009 - Estimating risks and benefits. Cancer 2005;103(6):1147-1153. No relevant outcomes 52. … Breast cancer risks and prevention: implications of the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial results. … The estimation and use of absolute risk for weighing the risks and benefits of selective estrogen receptor … Tamoxifen and breast cancer prevention: are we aware of the risks? … ‡IBIS: 2-fold relative risk for ages 45 to 70, 4-fold relative risk for ages 40 to 44, 10-fold relative

155. Executive Summary: Systematic Review_Implementing Recommended Mental Health and Substance Use Screening and Counseling Interventions in Primary Care Settings for Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/screening-counseling-interventions-executive-summary.pdf
     April 01, 2025 - Incorporating behavioral health into primary care settings enhanced screening for general behavioral health risks … the clinician support with reminders arm delivered brief advice and provided information on health risks … for clinicians with computer-based reminders likely improves delivery of information about health risks … Youth Risk Behavior Survey: data summary & trends report. … Improving adolescent health risk assessment: a multi-method pilot study.

156. Heart Diseases | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/heart-diseases?page=4
     October 16, 2009 - You can help reduce your risk of heart disease by taking steps to control factors that put you at greater … risk: Control your blood pressure Lower your cholesterol Don't smoke Get enough exercise … Research Report November 30, 2007 Comparative Effectiveness of Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists on the Risk … Archived January 1, 2005 A Multicenter, Observational Cohort Study to Assess the Cardiovascular Risks

157. Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain Research Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/opioid-treatments-chronic-pain-protocol.pdf
     December 19, 2018 - Research and Quality (AHRQ) commissioned a comparative effectiveness review on the effectiveness and risks … assessment and initiate long-term opioid therapy only when benefits are likely to exceed risks; use … Risk Assessment and Risk Mitigation Strategies a. … Annual Surveillance Report of Drug-Related Risks and Outcomes — United States, 2017. … Annual surveillance report of drug-related risks and outcomes — United States, 2018.

158. Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-chronic-pain/protocol
     May 01, 2020 - assessment and initiate long-term opioid therapy only when benefits are likely to exceed risks; use … Risk Assessment and Risk Mitigation Strategies a. … What are clinician and patient values and preferences related to opioids and medication risks, benefits … Annual Surveillance Report of Drug-Related Risks and Outcomes — United States, 2017. … Annual surveillance report of drug-related risks and outcomes — United States, 2018.

159. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2025 Update | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/plant-based-chronic-pain-treatment/draft-report
     April 01, 2025 - There may be a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation (SOE: low) and a moderate increased risk … THC plus CBD is probably associated with large increased risk of nausea (SOE: moderate). … There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea ( … dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I 2 =0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N= … There was a moderate increase in risk of WAEs, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase

160. Eye Care | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/eye-care
     Being overweight or obese increases your risk of developing diabetes. … Having diabetes puts you at higher risk of getting diabetic retinopathy or glaucoma . … This can help you determine if you are at higher risk of developing an eye disease. … Know your other risk factors. … It is important to know you risk factors because you may be able to lower your risk by changing some