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Total Results: 3,111 records

Showing results for "risk".

101. Assessing the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-risk-of-bias.pdf
     December 01, 2017 - Assessing the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions Assessing the Risk of … Defining Risk of Bias • Risk of bias is: ► An assessment of the internal validity of the individual … Risk of Bias There are five stages in assessing risk of bias. … Develop Protocol Pilot test and train Perform Assessment of Risk of Bias of Individual Studies Use Risk … Use risk-of-bias assessment tools that can identify potential risk-of-bias categories specific to the

102. Executive Summary: Breastfeeding and Health Outcomes for Infants and Children (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breastfeeding-health-outcomes-research-executive-summ.pdf
     March 01, 2025 - Low SOE for reduced risk Respiratory infections Potential reduced risk of more severe respiratory … , including risk of late-neonatal mortality and SUID. … Moderate SOE for increased risk Dental caries Approximate 54% increased risk of dental caries … We used established methods for determining the potential risks of bias and certainty of our findings … prevent us from identifying a clear threshold or precise “dose” of breastfeeding associated with reduced risks

103. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/vte-prophyalaxis_research-protocol.pdf
     March 01, 2011 - This risk should prompt routine thromboprophylaxis; however, the associated elevated risk of bleeding …  The length of the evaluation period will be considered when evaluating the benefits and risks (short-term … differences or relative risks by using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. … differences, or relative risks with 95 percent confidence intervals for the individual studies. … Prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement may increase the relative risk of deep venous

104. Cervical Ripening in the Outpatient Setting | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/cervical-ripening/protocol
     May 01, 2020 - The risks of CR are similar to those of spontaneous labor, compounded by known and theoretical iatrogenic … However, there are concerns regarding potential risks of outpatient CR to the woman and fetus in comparison … The risks of CR may be mitigated through the choice of CR method and clinical management. … Careful review of existing literature is needed to elucidate whether these risks occur more frequently … versus inpatient setting and whether maternal or fetal characteristics differentially affect these risks

105. THIS IS OUR TEACHER! (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/communicating_risk_media_wilkes.ppt
     April 01, 2006 - , small differences between risks, and uncertainty around risks Public Expectations Public believes … million cases of breast cancer. raloxifene is already used to prevent bone loss after menopause NCI used relative … risk reductions in their promotion rather than absolute risk reductions At the press release and conference … Why are risks minimized? … new possibilities Tools to help patients better understand the health care system and risk

106. Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/breast-reconstruction-mastectomy/research
     March 01, 2022 - The risks of seroma or of unplanned repeat surgery for revision probably are comparable with or without … Risk of bias was moderate to high for most studies. … SoE) and may pose a greater risk of breast seroma (low SoE). … well-being, and patient satisfaction with breasts (all low SoE), and probably results in comparable risks … Whether or not ADM is used probably is associated with comparable risks of seroma and unplanned repeat

107. Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1-3: Screening, Monitoring, and Treatment | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/kidney-disease-medicine/research
     December 01, 2019 - proteinuria, nearly all with diabetes and hypertension, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (relative … (ARBs) (RR 0.77, 95 percent CI, 0.66 to 0.90) significantly reduced risk of end-stage renal disease … factors, ACEI treatment reduced mortality risk (RR 0.79, 95 percent CI, 0.66 to 0.96) versus placebo … In selected CKD patients, ACEI or ARB treatment reduces ESRD risk, ACEI treatment reduces mortality risk … , and statin treatment reduces risk of mortality, MI, and stroke.

108. CER 218 Disposition of Comments: Long-Term Drug Therapy and Drug Holidays for Osteoporosis Fracture Prevention (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-218-osteoporosis-disposition-comments.pdf
     April 23, 2019 - Comment Response Discussion Public Commenter #7 (ASBMR) Report should include a discussion on the relative … Needs presented on ES-16 are thoughtful and focus on the need to carefully evaluate the benefits and risks … However, the clinical question was what is the evidence for benefits and risks beyond 3 years. … A similar question should be asked about adequacy of data to study the hypothetical risks (e.g., increased … There are several statements about the benefits and risks of continued treatment versus interruption

109. Closing the Quality Gap Series: The Effects of Bundled Payment Strategies on Health Care Spending and Quality of Care | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/bundled-payments-quality-effects/research-protocol
     December 01, 2020 - adjustment of bundled payments, providers may select low-risk patients and avoid those with higher risks … The evidence of risks (e.g., patient selection) will also be summarized. … Analyzing shifts in economic risks to providers in proposed payment and delivery system reforms. … risk >5). … effect size that it could have occurred solely as a result of bias from confounding factors (e.g., relative

110. Screening and Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Disposition of Comments Report (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gestational-diabetes-screening-diagnosis_disposition-comments.pdf
     January 01, 2020 - Long-term risks are not directly related to short term outcomes. … .adjusted odd ratios (aORs) of 1.75 relative to the mean cohort glucose values...' 1.75-fold is a relative … gain are more/equally important for adverse outcomes and clinicians do not rely on isolated OGTT relative … risks or odd ratios but on women individual multifactorial absolute risks. … Research indicates that IGT and GDM carry similar risks of adverse outcomes.

111. Meditation Programs for Stress and Well-Being | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/meditation/research-protocol
     December 01, 2019 - The overall risk of bias will be assessed as: Good (low risk of bias). … , or relative risks using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. … differences, or relative risks with 95 percent confidence intervals for the individual studies. … or relative risks using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. … differences or relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the individual studies.

112. Future Research Needs Document (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-cancer-risk-reduction_research.pdf
     October 25, 2010 - of how to communicate benefits and risks to patients 77.8% 4 How clinicians are weighing the risks … Individualized risks 2) Education a. … Studies of how doctors are weighing the risks and benefits of medications to reduce breast cancer risk … of how to communicate benefits and risks to patients 77.8% 4 How clinicians are weighing the risks … Analysis of odds ratio of increased relative risk of developing breast cancer in different groups

113. Stroke-Atrial-Fibrillation Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/stroke-atrial-fibrillation_executive.pdf
     August 01, 2013 - trials (RCTs) including 28,000 patients with nonvalvular AF, warfarin therapy led to a 64 percent relative … since 2000 that were comparative assessments of tools for predicting thromboembolic and bleeding risks … hazard ratio; KQ = Key Question; LAA = left atrial appendage; RCT = randomized controlled trial; RR = relative … Given the risks associated with AF, the growing number of patients with AF, and the costs and risks … A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-

114. Disposition of Comments for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Surgery (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/blood-clots-hip-knee-surgery_disposition-comments.pdf
     March 01, 2012 - would provide a more accurate value than an estimation from relative risks. … Peer Reviewer #1 Results 1.Provide relative risks and confidence intervals for studies included. … Calculation of relative risk and odds ratio, whether pooled or not, was conducted using the raw numerical … The individual study relative risk or odds ratio (depending on the pooled effect) along with its confidence … When only one trial was available we report the calculated relative risk or odds ratio with the confidence

115. Comparative Effectiveness of Adjunctive Devices to Remove Thrombi or Protect Against Distal Embolization in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Native Vessels | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/acs-pci-adjunctive-devices/research-protocol
     December 01, 2019 - For dichotomous outcomes, weighted averages will be reported as relative risks and risk differences with … expected, a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model will be used when pooling data and calculating relative … risks, risk differences, and 95 percent confidence intervals. 9 When pooling continuous outcomes, weighted … This system uses four required domains—risk of bias, consistency, directness, and precision. … Risk of Bias Risk of bias is the degree to which the included studies for any given outcome or comparison

116. Bar-Cohen_ ECCS2012 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/bar-cohen_-eccs2012.pdf
     January 01, 2012 - Health  Education  and Decision Making  (3 of 4) Questions to ask  when  interpreting  risks … and benefits • Risk of what? … • How big  is the change in  risk?   … • How does this risk compare to other risks? … • What  would give patients a better idea  of the risks involved in  breast  cancer?

117. CERs Report cover (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/future05-breastcancer-10-5-2010final.pdf
     September 01, 2010 - What is best method to communicate risks? 4) Influences a. … Individualized risks 2) Education a. … Studies of how doctors are weighing the risks and benefits of medications to reduce breast cancer risk … Analysis of odds ratio of increased relative risk of developing breast cancer in different groups … Benefits and risks of raloxifene by vertebral fracture status.

118. Executive Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 273_Treatment of Stages I-III Squamous Cell Anal Cancer: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-273-anal-cancer-executive-summary.pdf
     August 01, 2024 - We evaluated risk of bias (RoB) using the Cochrane RoB2 tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I tool for NRSIs … • Most of the studies are assessed with high risk of bias. … GI-gastrointestinal; GU-genitourinary; RCT- randomized controlled trial; yrs- years; vs.- versus; RR- relative … measurement between trials, inadequately addressing attrition, multiple comparisons testing, and competing risks … interventions and comparators, lack of power calculations, and inadequately addressing missing data, competing risks

119. Nephropathy-Contrast-Induced Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/nephropathy-contrast-induced_executive.pdf
     October 01, 2015 - Pooled risks were calculated using a random-effects model using the method of DerSimonian and Laird … 2,000 based on an expected 0.1 probability of CIN in the comparison group and a minimally important relative … of 10,000 based on an expected 0.02 probability in the comparison group and a minimally important relative … risk difference of 25 percent. … such risk factors.

120. Executive Summary: ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-267-adhd-executive-summary.pdf
     March 01, 2024 - • We found too few studies reporting on diversion to quantify the risk of diversion of pharmacological … We converted to scale-independent standardized mean differences (SMD) and relative risks (RR) together … The risk of bias in included studies varied considerably. … We found too few studies reporting on diversion to quantify the risk of diversion of pharmacological … Medication therapy remains a central treatment modality, though with a risk of side effects, even as