Results

Total Results: 3,111 records

Showing results for "risk".

1. S23 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s23.pdf
   October 01, 2007 - and Their Association With Stroke Therapy Relative Risk No. … Again, communication of frequency information rather than relative risks is critical to debate. … Benefits and harms not presented in the same metric (ie, relative risks for benefits and frequencies … For the most part, the articles discuss relative estimates (relative risks or odds ratios; Fig. 1). … Benign breast disease—the risks of commu- nicating risk �comments�.

2. Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods/methods
   December 01, 2019 - The risk difference is more highly correlated with the control rate than is the relative risk or odds … ), relative risks (RR) and odds ratios (OR). … risk reduction or relative risk increase, especially when the RR is below 2. … relative risks, especially when event risks are high (> 10%). … When RR is used, substituting “relative risk” with “relative benefit” may help readers avoid confusion

3. CER 218 Evidence Summary: Long-Term Drug Therapy and Drug Holidays for Osteoporosis Fracture Prevention: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-218-osteoporosis-fracture-prevention-evidence-summary.pdf
   April 01, 2019 - In women with osteoporosis, relative risk of incident radiographic vertebral fracture with long-term … Relative risks for these outcomes varied from 1 to >100 across studies, likely related to heterogeneity … Relative risks appeared higher for radiologically confirmed AFF than for cases defined only by diagnostic … a subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fracture will have AFF features, and not the relative risk of sustaining … of ONJ.41-43 Relative risk estimates varied widely between studies, likely due to heterogeneity in

4. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews - Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods_methods.pdf
   March 01, 2013 - The risk difference is more highly correlated with the control rate than is the relative risk or odds … difference (RD), relative risks (RR) and odds ratios (OR). … risk reduction or relative risk increase, especially when the RR is below 2. … relative risks, especially when event risks are high (> 10%). … A similar table could also be used for reporting relative risk and NNT from binary data with minor

5. Increased Risks for Random Errors Are Common in Outcomes Graded as High Certainty of Evidence | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/grant-manuscripts/increased-risks-abstract
   June 01, 2024 - Abstract | February 2019 Objectives: The aim of article was to assess the risk … regression analyses to determine predictors of increased risks for random errors. … Regression analyses rendered small absolute risk differences (P = 0.009) and low number of events (P … = 0.001) as significant predictors of increased risks for random errors. … Increased risks for random errors are common in outcomes graded as high certainty of evidence.

6. Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Prevention: Comparative Effectiveness | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/pressure-ulcer-prevention/research
   December 01, 2019 - This report systematically reviews the evidence on (1) risk-assessment scales for identifying people … at higher risk of pressure ulcers and (2) preventive interventions to decrease incidence or severity … of pressure ulcers compared with standard mattresses in higher risk patients (relative risk range, 0.20 … with an increased risk of pressure ulcers compared with a standard operating room mattress. … Conclusions Although risk-assessment instruments can identify patients at higher risk for pressure

7. Fagerlin-notes-151007 copy-Teresa (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/fagerlin-presentation.pdf
   November 11, 2015 - F or example, the risks and  benefits across various treatments is not sufficient. … S imilarly, what is a higher risk: one out of ten, hundred, a thousand? … One journal presented   the data about the effectiveness of chemotherapy using relative risks. … Oncologists who got the relative risk information were more likely to say that they would  prescribe … Behaviors are influenced   both   by beliefs and  by the feelings of risks.

8. Protocol for Quantitative Assessment of Benefit and Harm analysis of Aspirin for primary prevention (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-balancing-harms-benefits_research.pdf
   February 01, 2014 - risk reductions or relative risk increases of aspirin on benefit and harm outcomes did not change over … Applicability of Effects We assumed RR reductions in benefits or relative risk increases in harms, from … and equal for both groups (i.e. relative risk of 1.0). … risk reduction for MI of about 14 percent9 using the relative risk method. … CI = confidence interval, MI = Myocardial infarction, RR = Relative risk Table A-2.

9. Sodium and Potassium Intake: Effects on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Risks | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/sodium-potassium/final-report-2018
   December 01, 2019 - Evidence Reports Sodium and Potassium Intake: Effects on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Risks … Sodium and Potassium Intake: Effects on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Risks … that reducing sodium intake may decrease the risk for CVD morbidity and mortality. … Sodium and Potassium Intake: Effects on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Risks. … Systematic Review: Sodium and Potassium Intake: Effects on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Risks

10. Pharmacologic and Mechanical Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism Among Special Populations | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/vte-prophyalaxis/research
    December 01, 2019 - underweight patients; those having obesity surgery; or with acute or chronic renal failure have unequal risks … for eligibility, serially abstracted data using standardized forms, and independently evaluated the risk … We qualitatively synthesized the evidence and also pooled the relative risks from the controlled studies … The majority of observational studies had a high risk of bias. … Research Protocol Dec 22, 2023 The Effect of Dietary Digestible Carbohydrate Intake on Risk

11. Grades-Predictive-Values White-Paper-2015 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/grades-predictive-values_white-paper-2015.pdf
    January 01, 2015 - risks. … A relative risk increase or reduction of less than 25 percentage points for dichotomous outcomes and … relative risk increase/reduction of less than 50 percentage points or less than 0.5 SMD. … Overall, the pooled estimate of all ratios of relative risks indicated that first trials, on average … , did not favor treatment effects of the experimental intervention (ratio of relative risks: 1.03, 95%

12. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/safety-vaccines/research
    January 01, 2022 - There continues to be no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended … We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. … Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for … Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key … There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant

13. Comparative Effectiveness of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs) for Treating Essential Hypertension | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/ace-inhibitor-arb-2007/research-2007-1
    December 01, 2019 - individuals with hypertension regarding their relative benefits (blood pressure control, cardiovascular risk … reduction, cardiovascular events, quality of life, and other outcomes), as well as relative risks (safety … ARCHIVED Jun 21, 2018 Sodium and Potassium Intake: Effects on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Risks

14. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/nephropathy-contrast-induced/research
    January 01, 2020 - Both reviewers assessed the risk of bias for each study. … We quantitatively pooled the results of studies that were sufficiently similar, using a 25-percent relative … with a diverse group of LOCMs (pooled relative risk, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.99 … When the analysis was stratified by route of administration, the aggregate pooled relative risk was 0.80 … We considered a 25-percent relative risk difference to be clinically important.

15. Prostate-Cancer-Risk-Assessment-Genes Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-risk-assessment-genes_executive.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - by positive and negative test results Availability and impact of effective interventions Health risks … negatively impact individuals, families, and society Stigmatization Discrimination Psychological harms Risks … Relative risk of prostate cancer for men with affected relatives: Systematic review and meta-analysis … Risks and benefits of population-based genetic testing for Mendelian subsets of common diseases were … A critical appraisal of the scientific basis of commercial genomic profiles used to assess health risks

16. Effectiveness and Safety of Antiepileptic Medications in Patients With Epilepsy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/epilepsy-medicine/research
    December 01, 2019 - For dichotomous endpoints, we used relative risks, and for continuous endpoints, we used weighted mean … The risk of withdrawing due to adverse events and the risk of several adverse events including fatigue … The risk of withdrawing for any reason was not significantly impacted. … The risks of vomiting and gum hyperplasia were significantly lower for newer antiepileptic medications … However, these adverse events did not significantly increase the risk of withdrawals.

17. S16 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s16.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - alone, however, cannot pro- vide all the relevant information decision makers need to determine the relative … risks and benefits when choosing the best treatment of individual patients or weighing the implications … HOT indicates Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study; PPP, Primary Prevention Project; RRR, relative risk … reduction; RRI, relative risk increase. … have higher risks with surgery and are more likely to die of other causes.

18. With the rates of birth by cesarean section on the rise, what factors influence (and which have the greatest impact on) the probability of delivery by cesarean in low-risk women? Which interventions are most effective at reducing the risk… | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/with-the-rates-of-birth-by-cesarean-section-on-the-rise-what-factors-influence-and-which-have-the-greatest-impact-on-the-probability-of-delivery-by-cesarean-in-low-risk-women-which-interventions-are-most-effective-at-reducin
    November 01, 2017 - Which interventions are most effective at reducing the risk… … The patient population of most interest is low-risk, pregnant women. … Describe any health-related risks, side effects, or harms that you are concerned about. … For infants potential risks include respiratory issues, and the development of asthma. … The research should include the health risks of not delivering by cesarean when medically necessary.

19. Assessing the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-bias-update/methods
    August 01, 2019 - The specific use of risk-of-bias assessments can vary. … Some EPC reviews may exclude studies assessed as high risk of bias. … Despite the importance of risk-of-bias assessments in systematic reviews, evidence on the validity of … of bias and the stages involved in assessing risk of bias. … We conclude with guidance on summarizing risk of bias.

20. Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Treatments for Unstable Angina/Non–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/angina-heart-attack-treatments/research
    December 01, 2019 - There is uncertainty about the optimal dosing and timing of these medications to balance ischemic risk … of revascularization (odds ratio [OR] 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.92) but higher risk … This higher risk of bleeding from upstream GPI administration also occurred with either pretreatment … treatment Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) reduced the rates of composite ischemic outcomes (ORs/relative … risks ranging from 0.69 to 0.80; in-hospital, 9 months, and 1 year) and nonfatal myocardial infarction