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21. Procedure Manual Appendix XV. Specialist Expert Reviewer Nomination and Selection | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-xv-specialist-expert-reviewer-nomination-and-selection
    October 01, 2017 - All expert reviewers are required to submit a conflict of interest form and sign a nondisclosure agreement

22. Estimation of Benefits, Burden, and Harms of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vw-LTWCTZ_N5pAaydcNQTx
    June 21, 2016 - AND MEASURES Life-years gained compared with no screening (benefit), lifetime number of colonoscopies required … As in the 2008 analysis for the USPSTF,9 the number of required colonoscopies was used as a measure of … Because the measure of burden—the number of required colonoscopies— does not capture the burden of other … years yielded 15 to 28 additional LYG per 1000 and required an additional 827 to 856 colonoscopies per … In addition, the number of required colonoscopies was used as the measure of the burden of screening.

23. Archived: Modeling Report: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-report/lung-cancer-screening-december-2013
    July 30, 2013 - Screening harms are expressed as the number of CT screenings required (and percentage of the cohort ever … identified as efficient, preventing the greatest number of lung cancer deaths for the screening examinations required … Screening harms are expressed as the number of CT screenings required (and percentage of the cohort ever … Specifically, the NLST criteria required 577 screenings per lung cancer death averted compared with 550 … We can compare the A55-80-30-15 scenario, which required 300,000 CT screenings and yielded a 14% mortality

24. Procedure Manual Section 1. Overview of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Structure and Processes | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-1
    December 01, 2013 - Due to the Nation's greater emphasis on prevention, insurers are now required to cover preventive services … The nomination process and required qualifications are described on the Task Force Web site. … As of December 2013, the required minimum qualifications are as follows. … Further information on each type of disclosure required is provided below. … Appointees will be required to submit a Disclosure Form prior to finalizing their appointment.

25. Archived: Visual Impairment: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/visual-impairment-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - screening (e.g., glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy), most were mild or previously diagnosed, and few required … 10 The rate ratio for fatal car crashes in the elderly is lower in states where vision testing is required … for persons over 65 than in states where it is not required. 11 While a reduction in visual acuity … Obstacles to screening include the child's inability to cooperate, the time required for testing, and … Required vision testing for older drivers. N Engl J Med . 1992;326:1784–1785. [ PubMed ] 12.

26. Procedure Manual Appendix XIII. Template for Scoping the “Decision Problem” to Address Through Decision Modeling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-xiii-template-scoping-decision-problem-address-through-decision-modeling
    July 01, 2017 - strategy and affect its effectiveness or assumptions of intervention quality), and any service variations required

27. Archived: Letter to the Editor and Response from the Evidence-Based Practice Center: Human Papillomavirus Testing to Screen for Cervical Cancer: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/letter-to-the-editor-and-response-from-the-evidence-based-practice-center--human-papillomavirus-testing-to-screen-for-cervical-cancer/cervical-cancer-screening-2012
    February 15, 2012 - Thus, judgment is required as to how trial and modeling results for cotesting apply in the United States … the United States suggest that a longer rescreening interval after cotesting (every five years) is required … Thus, judgement is required as to how trial and modeling results for cotesting apply in the United States

28. Archived: Final Research Plan: Aspirin to Prevent Cancer: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan-aspirin-to-prevent-cancer/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
    October 07, 2013 - serious harms of regular aspirin use for the primary prevention of cancer (at the dosage and duration required … serious harms of regular aspirin use for the prevention of colorectal cancer (at the dosage and duration required

29. Summary of USPSTF Final Recommendation: Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/PJJXJEVA9oaAwep5x3ZvRn
    August 01, 2024 - • Iron is necessary for production of hemoglobin, an essential protein in blood required to transport

30. Archived: Published Response - Will Recommendations against Spirometry Make Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Harder to Treat?: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/published-response---will-recommendations-against-spirometry-make-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-harder-to-treat/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-screening-2008
    November 15, 2008 - treatment (for example, tachycardia or urinary retention), coupled with the substantial time and effort required

31. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6hyj7-3s6Qxs-brqhxPVxD
    June 06, 2017 - theestimatednumberof life-years gained, colorectal cancer deaths averted, lifetime colo­ noscopies required … 2230 High 2287 1827 1899 2287 efficiency ratio (ie, the incremental number of colonoscopies required … the point of the initial screening examination (including related interventionsor services thatare required … challenges inherent in per­ forming such trials, given the large sample sizes and long time hori­ zons required … screened (although it would also increase the total number of diagnostic and surveillance colonoscopies required

32. Use of Decision Models in the Development of Evidence-Based Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/use-decision-models-development-evidence-based-clinical-preventive-services-recommendations
    May 01, 2019 - when complex determinations of magnitude of net benefit, overall or among important subpopulations, are required … efficacy of a preventive service is only beginning to become clear, additional time will probably be required … Thus, modeling increases the resources required and may lengthen the time required to develop a recommendation

33. Recommendation: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening
    May 18, 2021 - collecting an entire bowel movement), while collection of samples from 3 separate bowel movements is required … during colonoscopy; hence, assistance with transportation home and recovery time after colonoscopy is required … the number of life-years gained, colorectal cancer cases and deaths averted, lifetime colonoscopies required … workup. 9 , 10 Three percent or less of individuals with extracolonic findings required definitive … Extracolonic findings detected in 1.3% to 11.4% of exams; <3% required medical or surgical treatment

34. Archived: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening-2008
    October 15, 2008 - chief benefit of less invasive screening tests is that they may reduce the number of colonoscopies required … morbidity that results from any screening program for colorectal cancer is the number of colonoscopies required … The strategies differ in the total number of colonoscopies that would be required to gain similar numbers … The modeling analysis used life-years gained relative to the number of colonoscopies required for each … exposure, both in terms of radiation and scrutiny, is broad with CT colonography, more studies are required

35. USPSTF: Who We Are & How We Work (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/2025-03/uspstf-who-we-are-how-we-work-2025.pdf
    January 01, 2025 - Once on the Task Force, members are required to regularly disclose all potential conflicts for each … Most private insurance plans are required to cover preventive services that receive a grade of A or

36. Archived: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/ovarian-cancer-screening-2012
    September 15, 2012 - testing (positive threshold of >35 kU/L [>35 U/mL]) and reported that an estimated 33 surgeries were required … the first screening were initially categorized as being at intermediate risk for ovarian cancer and required … In the full trial, approximately 9% of women receiving baseline multimethod screening required repeated

37. Ocular Prophylaxis of Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nfq4s8fZc4JZeprE8FnQYW
    August 01, 2010 - for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum is recommended immediately after birth for all infants and is required … Povidone-iodine in a 2.5% solution may be an effective prophylactic regimen, but more studies are required

38. Archived: Evaluating Test Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Decision Analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evaluating-test-strategies-for-colorectal-cancer-screening-a-decision-analysis-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/colorectal-cancer-screening-2008
    October 15, 2008 - Outcome Measures: Number of life-years gained compared with no screening and number of screening tests required … However, it is important to consider the relative intensity of test use required to achieve those gains … This would substantially reduce the incremental colonoscopies required for an additional life-year gained … However, this does not capture all resources required per scenario, although we report the numbers of … non-colonoscopy tests (that is, FOBT or flexible sigmoidoscopy) required for each strategy.

39. Benefits and Harms of Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening Programs for High Risk Populations (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RkeQEwKRWULreuWecXG8S-
    July 01, 2013 - Screening harms are expressed as the number of CT screenings required (and percentage of the cohort … as efficient, preventing the greatest number of lung cancer deaths for the screening examinations required … annual programs that began screening at age 55 or 60 years, ended screening at age 80 years, and required … Specifically, the NLST criteria required 577 screenings per lung cancer death averted compared with … We can compare the A55-80-30-15 scenario, which required 300,000 CT screenings and yielded a 14% mortality

40. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2Wc3FRHpVDPX2jT_WzjEXX
    July 31, 2020 - Extracolonic findings detected in 1.3% to 11.4% of examinations; <3% required medical or surgical treatment … collecting an entire bowel movement), while collection of samples from 3 separate bowel movements is required … the number of life-years gained, colorectal cancer cases and deaths averted, lifetime colonoscopies required … included 48 235 participants, 1.3% to 11.4% of examinations iden- tified extracolonic findings that required … workup.9,10 Three per- cent or less of individuals with extracolonic findings required de- finitive