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581. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Wx_w92ukxeDvNShoRQXbhP
     September 06, 2016 - The trial reported fewer deaths attributable to tuberculosis among participants receiving treat- ment … None of the treatment studies reported on trans- mission rates of tuberculosis. … Potential Harms of Screening and Treatment The USPSTF identified no studies that directly reported on … The most consistently reported harm was hepatotoxicity. … A few studies also reported on gastrointestinal adverse events.

582. Archived: Screening for Depression in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/depression-in-adults-screening
     January 26, 2016 - Other outcomes were sparsely reported. … The reported effect was smaller (18%) and did not reach significance in the trial of pregnant women but … was in the same direction. 16 The 4 studies that reported remission or response rates reported significant … One trial in older adults reported paradoxical effects from screening, as previously discussed. … None of the trials addressing the benefits of behavioral-based interventions reported on harms of treatment

583. Screening for Suicide Risk in Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults in Primary Care: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/EGPJ5VSbLv4_cDB7fQBmGR
     May 01, 2014 - In 2011, 7.8% of high school students reported at- tempting suicide at least once during the previous … Lag times for other studies ranged from 0 to 35 days or were not reported. … Potential Harms of Screening Three studies reported on the potential adverse effects of screening. … “Vigor” was the only characteristic that was reported to be higher in screened participants. … Few treatment trials in adults reported adverse events.

584. Archived: Problem Drinking: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/problem-drinking-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - Heavy drinking (more than 5 drinks per day, 5 times per week) is reported by 10% of adult men and 2% … stroke, and cancers of the oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver. 11-13 A number of studies have reported … by 1-2% of pregnant women, 27-29 but higher rates (4-6%) have been reported in some screening studies … consumption may be subject to bias, reported changes in drinking correlated with objective measures … Reported social alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infants' development at 18 months.

585. Evidence Summary: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening
     July 08, 2014 - It reported sensitivity and specificity for detecting stenosis of 50% or greater (1716 participants) … Two RCTs reported strokes after angiography. … Two trials reported perioperative (30-day), nonfatal myocardial infarctions (MIs). … The VACS reported 4 events in the CEA group and none in the medical therapy group. … One RCT (CREST) reported a 2.2% rate of any MI after CEA and 1.2% after CAAS 51 .

586. Evidence Summary: Thyroid Dysfunction: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary7/thyroid-dysfunction-screening
     October 28, 2014 - Treatment harms were poorly studied and sparsely reported. … Three trials were rated good-quality; 22 , 27 , 28 6 trials (reported in 7 publications) were rated … harms, but harms were poorly assessed and reported, precluding reliable conclusions. 17 , 26–28 , … One study reported “no indication of harms,” 17 and another study stated that none of the patients reported … adverse events requiring withdrawal or dose reduction. 26 One study reported no difference between

587. Archived: Evidence Summary: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-july-2014
     July 08, 2014 - It reported sensitivity and specificity for detecting stenosis of 50% or greater (1716 participants) … Two RCTs reported strokes after angiography. … Two trials reported perioperative (30-day), nonfatal myocardial infarctions (MIs). … The VACS reported 4 events in the CEA group and none in the medical therapy group. … One RCT (CREST) reported a 2.2% rate of any MI after CEA and 1.2% after CAAS 51 .

588. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cTa7Hs56-yj4kCr7yXLdRm
     July 01, 1994 - Malignant transformation of benign cystadenomas has been reported (9), and women with a family history … The rel- ative risk estimates reported in these studies vary widely, ranging from a 2-fold to an 18- … Using the relative risks reported by Kerlikowske and colleagues (16), we can estimate that a family … In a study of mul- tiple screening techniques, Jacobs and colleagues (41) reported a single ovarian … The sensi- tivities reported in screening studies have been much higher: six of seven studies reported

589. Evidence Summary: Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-latent-tuberculosis/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
     September 06, 2016 - Study characteristics of trials evaluating the harms of treatment are reported in Table 2 . … All studies reported zero deaths from hepatotoxicity. … Independent interpretation of test often not reported. No evidence of reporting bias. … Independent interpretation of test often not reported. No evidence of reporting bias. … Overall, trials reported limited data on deaths due to TB.

590. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: A Reaffirmation Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/sUm8sYmG_h8Ldf5n_FXGuf
     September 01, 2018 - Rates of Reported Syphilis Cases by Race/Ethnicity and Age Group, United States, 2016 Table 2. … Rates of Reported Syphilis Cases by Region, United States, 2016 Table 3. … No p-values are reported for any of these comparisons or trends of outcomes. … of which also reported on false negatives,32 and one study that reported on false negatives of non-treponemal … None of the studies reported confidence intervals for false positives.

591. Archived: Evidence Summary: Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-latent-tuberculosis/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening-september-2016
     September 06, 2016 - Study characteristics of trials evaluating the harms of treatment are reported in Table 2 . … All studies reported zero deaths from hepatotoxicity. … Independent interpretation of test often not reported. No evidence of reporting bias. … Independent interpretation of test often not reported. No evidence of reporting bias. … Overall, trials reported limited data on deaths due to TB.

592. Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/YSj5xRQc9DroH8gpUYsoFA
     December 01, 2007 - The presence of the strongest reported risk factors, smok- ing or heart disease, approximately doubles … The harms of carotid endarterectomy for asymptom- atic CAS, reported in most studies as 30-day stroke … and death rates, vary from 2.7% to 4.7% in the RCTs; higher rates have been reported in observational … In addition, the 30-day perioperative results of the RCTs were reported as a combined outcome and did … Its reported accuracy is approximately 94% sensitive and 92% specific for CAS 60% to 99%.

593. Archived: Evidence Summary: Harms of Screening for Breast Cancer: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-harms-of-screening-for-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
     January 11, 2016 - Women with false-positive results reported more anxiety, distress, and breast cancer–specific worry, … Thirtynine observational studies indicated that some women reported pain during mammography (1% to 77% … In addition, at least 7 different measures of overdiagnosis were reported. 19 Estimates differed in … lower intent to reattend among women with pain, whereas 3 others reported no differences in intended … ; biopsy rates and outcomes were not uniformly reported.

594. Archived: Evidence Summary: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary43/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
     October 07, 2011 - diagnosis and tumor grade (no study reported adjusted risk estimates for treatment harms). … Direct harms of PSA-based screening were reported in the ERSPC and PLCO trials 6 , 7 . … Eight studies reported generic quality of life 43 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 56 . … However, the 2 largest and highest-quality trials reported conflicting results 6 , 7 . … However, the 2 largest and highest-quality trials reported conflicting results.

595. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: A Reaffirmation Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16875/syphilis-screening-pregnancy-final-evidence-review/pdf
     September 01, 2018 - Rates of Reported Syphilis Cases by Race/Ethnicity and Age Group, United States, 2016 Table 2. … Rates of Reported Syphilis Cases by Region, United States, 2016 Table 3. … No p-values are reported for any of these comparisons or trends of outcomes. … of which also reported on false negatives,32 and one study that reported on false negatives of non-treponemal … None of the studies reported confidence intervals for false positives.

596. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary6/osteoporosis-screening-2011
     July 06, 2010 - Several trials included in the meta-analyses reported few, rare, or 0 fracture events. … Eleven studies of 11 instruments to predict fractures reported AUC estimates from 0.48 to 0.89 31 , … Esophageal adenocarcinoma was reported by the FDA in 54 cases of bisphosphonate users 117 . … Observational studies of alendronate and etidronate reported conflicting results 120-121 . … Severe reversible musculoskeletal pain has been reported for all bisphosphonates.

597. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ffNDS7ekxovstoCxxtLJVt
     February 13, 2018 - It reported no increase in anxiety and no de- crease in quality of life from screening.4-6 Based on the … found any cases.4 The previous review12 noted an FDA case series that reported on osteonecrosis of … Three trials that reported on harms of bisphosphonates included men (either combining results for men … Raloxifene Six trials of raloxifene therapy in women reported on various harms. … No other disclosures were reported.

598. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Vitamin D and Calcium to Prevent Fractures: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary52/vitamin-d-and-calcium-to-prevent-fractures-preventive-medication-2013
     December 10, 2011 - Most of these studies reported more than 1 fracture outcome. … In contrast, the smaller trial conducted in Nebraska reported a 60% (CI, 18% to 80%) reduction in the … Eight of the RCTs reported an outcome of fracture at any site, 5 reported data on hip fracture, 2 reported … reported a prostate cancer outcome 46-56 , and 5 reported a breast cancer outcome 57-61 . … NR = not reported; RCT = randomized, controlled trial.

599. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/visualacuitybulletin.pdf
     July 21, 2015 - on screening for impaired visual acuity, or vision impairment, in adults 65 and older who have not reported … harms of screening older adults in a primary care setting for vision impairment if they have not reported

600. Archived: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
     November 13, 2016 - However, results were not reported separately for this age group, and it comprised a small part of the … Fifteen trials reported on all-cause mortality after 1 to 6 years, and pooled analysis estimated an RR … Dr Epling reported serving on a technical expert panel for the protocol review of a study related to … Dr Gillman reported receiving a grant from the National Institutes of Health and receiving royalties … Dr Pignone reported receiving royalties from UpToDate. No other authors reported disclosures.