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461. Evidence Summary: Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication
     December 12, 2017 - results of the WHI trials. 15 Therefore, effect estimates might differ slightly from hazard ratios reported … The WHI (n = 10,739) 15 reported statistically significant reductions in risk for osteoporotic fractures … The HERS trial reported a numeric decrease in the risk of colorectal cancer with use of estrogen plus … The HERS trial also reported that more women randomized to estrogen plus progestin developed breast cancer … b Point estimate is slightly different from estimate reported in Manson et al 15 because of the use

462. Archived: Evidence Summary: Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/menopausal-hormone-therapy-preventive-medication-december-2017
     December 12, 2017 - results of the WHI trials. 15 Therefore, effect estimates might differ slightly from hazard ratios reported … The WHI (n = 10,739) 15 reported statistically significant reductions in risk for osteoporotic fractures … The HERS trial reported a numeric decrease in the risk of colorectal cancer with use of estrogen plus … The HERS trial also reported that more women randomized to estrogen plus progestin developed breast cancer … b Point estimate is slightly different from estimate reported in Manson et al 15 because of the use

463. Screening for Depression in Adult Patients in Primary Care Settings: An Update (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-wqedxmwdpdE5BmzcBeTmn
     December 01, 2009 - Two good-quality (22, 23) and 6 fair-quality (24–29) RCTs reported the effect of depression screening … They were reported separately at 24- and 57-mo follow-up. ¶ Reported that groups did not differ at 6 … We reported specific analyses of most relevance where possible. … Withdrawal was reported as proxy for tolerability. … in this report) was reported.

464. Screening Adults Aged 50 Years or Older for Hearing Loss: A Review of the Evidence for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ERu8RYv5CbbB-3WKgRdXFg
     March 01, 2011 - A fourth RCT of hearing aids vs. no hearing aids reported outcomes very poorly. … The accuracy of self- reported hearing loss in women aged 60-85 years. … Validation of self-reported hearing loss. The Blue Mountains Hearing Study. … The accuracy of self-reported hearing loss in older Latino-American adults. … Self-reported hear- ing handicap and audiometric measures in older adults.

465. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Depression in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary21/depression-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2009
     March 15, 2009 - inhibitor and/or psychotherapy), diagnostic accuracy studies, and large observational studies that reported … In 1 study from the past decade, providers in community health centers reported screening 64 percent … Of primary importance to this review, 2 primary care studies reported sensitivities of 73 percent and … The additional TADS safety results reported by Emslie et al 56 in 2006 indicate that the suicidality … Harms of psychotherapy have not been systematically reported in trials in the past.

466. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: A Targeted, Updated Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UCajZVxQEKLCgs59HV7ddE
     November 01, 2008 - Study Selection: Eligible studies reported performance of colorectal cancer screening tests or health … In 2006, 60.8% of adults 50 years of age or older reported recent colorectal screening (20). … Eligible studies reported on the sensitivity and specificity of colorectal cancer screening tests or … (88% [CI, 84% to 92%]) for lesions 6 mm or greater than reported by Pickhardt and colleagues (55). … Ninety-five percent CIs are reported when available.

467. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary4/colorectal-cancer-screening-2008
     October 15, 2008 - Study Selection:  Eligible studies reported performance of colorectal cancer screening tests or health … Ninety-five percent CIs are reported when available. … Food and Drug Administration; FOBT = fecal occult blood testing; NR = not reported. a. … d Polyp prevalence significantly different from those reported in other similar studies. … * Results reported in this table are limited to those reported in the article, which is derived from

468. Recommendation: Iron Deficiency Anemia in Young Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-young-children-screening
     September 07, 2015 - The USPSTF found no recent studies that are generalizable to the current U.S. population and reported … Reported adverse events of treatment with iron include limited gastrointestinal symptoms, darkening color … The 2006 evidence review reported on older treatment trials that were not included in this update because … Although associations have been reported between iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia and poorer … One oft-cited study conducted in Costa Rica reported on long-term developmental outcomes and found that

469. PEDS20152567 746..752 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/s2xawZNAWVC5qgGyTT6r8m
     October 01, 2015 - The USPSTF found no recent studies that are generalizable to the current US population and reported on … Reported adverse events of treatment with iron include limited gastrointestinal symptoms, darkening color … Although associations have been reported between iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia and poorer … One oft-cited study conducted in Costa Rica reported on long-term developmental outcomes and found that … As reported inTheNewYorkTimes (Sports: August 5, 2015),more andmore ultra- fit athletes are attempting

470. Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/B8omJCgNDKfJLVXCz6nFw-
     May 01, 2009 - Other reported risk factors include mutations in folate-related enzymes, maternal diabetes, and obesity … In 1995, Shaw and coworkers (9) did a case–control study and reported an OR of 0.65 (CI, 0.45 to 0.94 … A smaller study that adjusted for dietary folic acid intake reported an OR of 0.55 (CI, 0.25 to 1.22) … Of this sample, 40% reported taking folic acid daily, compared with 32% in 2003, 40% in 2004, and 33% … When stratified by age, 47% of women from age 25 to 34 years reported taking a daily supplement with

471. Routine Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer: Update of the Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials 1999–2002 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dKPBY-h5PbactdPHgVHbz_
     June 01, 2003 - or supplemental analyses of primary prevention trials using vitamin or antioxidant supplements that reported … Results New Trials Two recent clinical trials reported no beneficial effect of vitamin E, vitamin C … The authors reported 800 new primary cancers in the nutrient group and 817 cases in the placebo group … Similar results were reported after subjects assigned to sunscreen were excluded from the analysis. … Virtamo and colleagues10 reported similar findings with respect to urothelial (bladder, renal pelvis,

472. Recommendation: Peripheral Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Screening and Risk Assessment With the Ankle-Brachial Index | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/peripheral-artery-disease-in-adults-screening-with-the-ankle-brachial-index
     July 10, 2018 - Two-thirds of identified patients reported no intermittent claudication, which is considered to be the … using the ABI for CVD screening weekly or monthly, 6% to 8% reported using it annually, and 68% reported … One study of men and women older than 70 years reported that an ABI of less than 0.9 had a sensitivity … When persons with known coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease are excluded, the reported … No other disclosures were reported.

473. H6Hac6B6Npcotwgszpct B (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/H6hac6B6NpcotwgSzpCt_b
     November 01, 2013 - However, adverse event rates were often incompletely reported, and the evi- dence is limited by a lack … All 7 trials reported either reductions in the absolute level of blood pressure or increased propor- … Data on other potential harms of screening were not reported (2). … Commonly reported adverse events associated with hy- pertension medications included headache, cardiac … No studies reported on harms associated with lifestyle interventions.

474. Archived: Falls Prevention in Older Adults: Counseling and Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-counseling-and-preventive-medication
     May 15, 2012 - Studies of risk factor assessment have used a large and varied list of reported risk factors for falls … A small U.K. study of 200 older adults that was published after the USPSTF systematic review reported … None of the 4 studies of vision correction reported a reduced risk for falling. … An increase in falls after vision screening in frail older adults has been reported 23 . … The Women's Health Initiative trial 24 reported the results of daily supplementation with 400 IU of

475. Fbqmoapkebekmj7Aqmale5 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/fbQmoAPKeBekmJ7aqmALe5
     June 01, 2014 - The �4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is a reported risk factor for Alzheimer disease. … Ten additional trials reported on memantine in persons with moderate dementia. … Only 4 trials were con- ducted in persons with MCI and reported global cognitive function (18–21). … reported. … Few studies reported outcomes beyond 6 months.

476. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Wx_w92ukxeDvNShoRQXbhP
     September 06, 2016 - The trial reported fewer deaths attributable to tuberculosis among participants receiving treat- ment … None of the treatment studies reported on trans- mission rates of tuberculosis. … Potential Harms of Screening and Treatment The USPSTF identified no studies that directly reported on … The most consistently reported harm was hepatotoxicity. … A few studies also reported on gastrointestinal adverse events.

477. Archived: Screening for Depression in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/depression-in-adults-screening
     January 26, 2016 - Other outcomes were sparsely reported. … The reported effect was smaller (18%) and did not reach significance in the trial of pregnant women but … was in the same direction. 16 The 4 studies that reported remission or response rates reported significant … One trial in older adults reported paradoxical effects from screening, as previously discussed. … None of the trials addressing the benefits of behavioral-based interventions reported on harms of treatment

478. Screening for Suicide Risk in Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults in Primary Care: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/EGPJ5VSbLv4_cDB7fQBmGR
     May 01, 2014 - In 2011, 7.8% of high school students reported at- tempting suicide at least once during the previous … Lag times for other studies ranged from 0 to 35 days or were not reported. … Potential Harms of Screening Three studies reported on the potential adverse effects of screening. … “Vigor” was the only characteristic that was reported to be higher in screened participants. … Few treatment trials in adults reported adverse events.

479. Archived: Problem Drinking: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/problem-drinking-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - Heavy drinking (more than 5 drinks per day, 5 times per week) is reported by 10% of adult men and 2% … stroke, and cancers of the oropharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver. 11-13 A number of studies have reported … by 1-2% of pregnant women, 27-29 but higher rates (4-6%) have been reported in some screening studies … consumption may be subject to bias, reported changes in drinking correlated with objective measures … Reported social alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infants' development at 18 months.

480. Evidence Summary: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening
     July 08, 2014 - It reported sensitivity and specificity for detecting stenosis of 50% or greater (1716 participants) … Two RCTs reported strokes after angiography. … Two trials reported perioperative (30-day), nonfatal myocardial infarctions (MIs). … The VACS reported 4 events in the CEA group and none in the medical therapy group. … One RCT (CREST) reported a 2.2% rate of any MI after CEA and 1.2% after CAAS 51 .